Seerah of The ProphetSeerah of The Prophet

The HijrahThe Hijrah

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ProclamationProclamation

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Proclamation

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HijrahHijrah• Reasons of Hijrah:

– Persecution– Limited spread of Islam in Mecca– Spread of Islam in Yathrib– Protection promised in Yathrib for Islam– Establishing the first independent Muslim Community/State

للمسلمين : ) – وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي إني فقالالبتين بين نخل ذات ، هجرتكم دار البخاري ( .أريت

– Al-Bukhari: Allah's Apostle was still in Mecca and he said to his companions, "Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and situated between two mountains which are the two Harras."

HijrahHijrah• Yathrib:

HijrahHijrah

HijrahHijrah• The First Immigrants to Yathrib:

– Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr عمير بن مصعب– Abdullah bin Um Maktoom مكتوم أم بن الله عبد– Abu Salamah سلمة أبو– ‘Aamer bin Rabi’ah ربيعة بن عامر– Abduaalh bin Jahsh جحش بن الله عبد

HijrahHijrah• Quraysh tried to prevent Muslims from leaving:

– To contain Islam within Mecca– To keep control on the spread of Islam– To prevent the threat of forming a Muslim State– To preserve the tribal system, against faith-based allegiance– The potential threat to their Northern trade rout passing by

Yathrib to Syria

HijrahHijrah• Quraysh tried to prevent Muslims from leaving:

– Placing pressure on families by separating them.• Family of Abu Salamah

– Kidnapping, imprisonment and torture• ‘Ayyash bin Abi Rabi’ah• Hisham bin Al-’As

– Confiscating wealth and property• Suhaib bin Sinan

HijrahHijrah• Receiving houses of Ansar:

– Qiba’: Banu Amr bin ‘Awf• Omar bin Al-Khattab and others

– Banu An-Najjar (Sa’d bin Zurarah)• Hamzah, Uthman, and others• Single men with Sa’d bin Khayshamah

– Banu Abdel-Ash-hal (Sa’d bin Mu’adh)• Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr

HijrahHijrahذات : • هجرتكم دار أريت إني للمسلمين وس5لم عليه الله صلى النبي فقال

عامة ورجع ، المدينة قبل هاجر من فهاجر ، الحرتان وهي ، البتين بين نخلفقال ، المدينة قبل بكر أبو وتجهز ، المدينة إلى الحبشة بأرض هاجر كان من

لي : . يؤذن أن أرجو فإني ، رسلك على وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول لهنفسه : : بكر أبو فحبس نعم قال ؟ أنت بأبي ذلك ترجو وهل بكر أبو فقال

عند كانتا راحلتين وعلق ، ليصحبه وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول علىأشهر – – . أربعة الخبط وهو السمر البخاري ورق

• Allah's Apostle said to his companions, "Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and situated between two mountains which are the two ,Harras." So, when the Prophet told it, some of the companions migrated to Medina, and some of those who had migrated to Abyssinia returned to Medina. When Abu Bakr prepared for emigration, Allah's Apostle said to him, "Wait, for I expect to be permitted to emigrate." Abu Bakr asked, "May my father be sacrificed for your sake, do you really expect that?" Allah's Apostle replied in the affirmative. So, Abu Bakr postponed his departure in order to accompany Allah's Apostle and fed two camels which he had, with the leaves of Samor trees for four months.

HijrahHijrah• And (remember) when the

disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the Best of those who plot.

األنفال

HijrahHijrahنحر : • في بكر أبي بيت في جلوس يوما نحن فبينما عائشة قالت

عليه : الله صلى الله رسول هذا بكر ألبي قائل قال ، الظهيرةله : فدى بكر أبو فقال ، فيها يأتينا يكن لم ساعة في متقنعا وسلم

فجاء قالت ، أمر إال الساعة هذه في به جاء ما والله ، وأمي أبي ، فدخل ، له فأذن ، واستأذن ، وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول

عندك : . من أخرج بكر ألبي وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي فقالقد : : فإني قال ، اله رسول يا أنت بأبي أهلك هم إنما ابوبكر فقالالله . : رسو5ل يا أنت بأبي الصحابة بكر أبو قال الخروج في لي أذن

فخذ : : بكر أبو قال ، نعم وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول قالصلى : الله رسول قال هاتين راحلتي إحدى الله رسول يا أنت بأبي

بالثمن : . وسلم عليه ، : الله الجهاز أحث فجهزناهما عائشة قالتقطعة بكر أبي بنت أسماء فقطعت ، جراب في سفرة لهما وصنعنا

ذات سميت فبذلك ، الجراب فم على به فربطت ، نطاقها منالنطاقين

البخاري •

HijrahHijrah• One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr's house at noon, someone said to

Abu Bakr, "This is Allah's Apostle with his head covered coming at a time at which he never used to visit us before." Abu Bakr said, "May my parents be sacrificed for him. By Allah, he has not come at this hour except for a great necessity." So Allah's Apostle came and asked permission to enter, and he was allowed to enter. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr. "Tell everyone who is present with you to go away." Abu Bakr replied, "There are none but your family. May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle!" The Prophet said, “I have been given permission to migrate." Abu Bakr said, "Shall I accompany you? May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle!" Allah's Apostle said, "Yes." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Apostle! May my father be sacrificed for you, take one of these two she-camels of mine." Allah's Apostle replied, "(I will accept it) with payment." So we prepared the baggage quickly and put some journey food in a leather bag for them. Asma, Abu Bakr's daughter, cut a piece from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it, and for that reason she was named Dhat-un-Nitaqain (i.e. the woman with the two belts).

HijrahHijrah• The plot to murder the Prophet• Ali sleeps in the Prophet’s bed that night• The Prophet and Abu Bakr travel south to the mount of Thaur• Quraysh post a reward to bring the Prophet dead or alive for 100 Camels.

فقال • الحزورة على واقفا وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول رأيتأني ولوال الله إلى الله أرض وأحب الله أرض لخير إنك والله

خرجت . ما منك أخرجت• : الترمذي: المحدث الحمراء بن عدي بن عبدالله الراوي

HijrahHijrahIf you help him not (it does not

matter), for Allah did indeed help him when the disbelievers drove him out, the second of the two; when they were in the cave, he said to his companion (Abu Bakr) "Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allah is with us." Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon him, and strengthened him with forces (angels) which you saw not, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowermost, while the Word of Allah is the the uppermost; and Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.

التوبة

HijrahHijrahفي • بغار بكر وأبو وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول لحق ثم قالت

، بكر أبي بن الله عبد عندهما يبيت ، ليال ثالث فيه فكمنا ، ثور جبلمع فيصبح ، بسحر عندهما من فيدلج ، لقن ثقف ، شاب غالم وهو

يأتيهما حتى ، وعاه إال به يكتادان أمرا يسمع فال ، كبائت بمكة قريشمولى فهيرة بن عامر عليهما ويرعى ، الظالم يختلط حين ذلك بخبر

العشاء من ساعة تذهب حين عليهما فيريحها ، غنم من منحة بكر أبيبها ينعق حتى ، ورضيفهما منحتهما لبن وهو ، رسل في فيبيتان ،

الليالي تلك من ليلة كل في ذلك يفعل ، بغلس فهيرة بن عامرمن رجال بكر وأبو وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول واستأجر ، الثالثالماهر والخريت ، خريتا هاديا ، عدي بن عبد بني من وهو ، الديل بنيعلى وهو ، السهمي وائل بن العاص آل في حلفا غمس قد ، بالهدايةبعد ثور غار وواعداه ، راحلتيهما إليه فدفعا فأمناه ، قريش كفار دين

بن عامر معهما وانطلق ، ثالث صبح براحلتيهما فأتاهما ، ليال ثالثالسواحل . طريق بهم فأخذ ، والدليل ، فهيرة

• : البخاري: المحدث عائشة الراوي

HijrahHijrah• Then Allah's Apostle and Abu Bakr reached a cave on the mountain of Thaur and

stayed there for three nights. 'Abdullah bin Abi Bakr who was intelligent and a sagacious youth, used to stay (with them) every night. He used to leave them before day break so that in the morning he would be with Quraysh as if he had spent the night in Mecca. He would keep in mind any plot made against them, and when it became dark he would (go and) inform them of it. 'Amir bin Fuhaira, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring the sheep to them a little while after nightfall in order to rest the sheep there. So they always had fresh milk at night, the milk of their sheep, and the milk which they warmed by throwing heated stones in it. 'Amir bin Fuhaira would then call the herd away when it was still dark (before daybreak). He did the same in each of those three nights. Allah's Apostle and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of Bani Ad-Dail from the family of Bani Abd bin Adi as an expert guide, and he was in alliance with the family of Al-'As bin Wail As-Sahmi and he was on the religion of the Pagans of Quraysh. The Prophet and Abu Bakr trusted him and gave him their two she-camels and took his promise to bring their two she camels to the cave of the mountain of Thaur in the morning after three nights later. And (when they set out), 'Amir bin Fuhaira and the guide went along with them and the guide led them along the sea-shore.