Seerah of The ProphetSeerah of The Prophet

The Battle of BadrThe Battle of Badr

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On the day when the true was distinguished from the false –

the day when the two groups met in battleAl-Anfaal 8:41Al-Anfaal 8:41

– News of the returning caravan from Shaam reached the Prophet (pbuh)

– The Muslims moved to intercept the caravan. No intention to face the army of Quraysh.

– Many Shahaba stayed in Medina. This was a voluntary expedition. No anticipation of major battle.

– The Prophet makes Abdullah bin Um Maktoom the Imam, and Abu Lubabah the Ameer of Medina. (Ibn Katheer)

The Battle of Badr

• The Muslim Army:– 313-317 men

• 82-86 Muhajir (60+), black banner carried by Ali bin Abi Talib• 231 Ansari (~240+) (61 Aws, 170 Khazraj) black banner

carried by Sa’d bin Mu’ath• The main (white) banner carried by Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr

– Two horsemen only• Az-Zubayr leading the right side.• Al-Miqdad leading the left side.

– 70 Camels

The Battle of Badr

قال • البراء عنعدة أن نتحدث وسلم عليه الله صلى محمد أصحاب كنامعه جاوزوا الذين طالوت أصحاب عدة على بدر أصحاب

مائة وثالث عشر بضعة مؤمن إال معه يجاوز ولم النهر) البخاري)

The Battle of Badr

• The Muslim Army:

– The Prophet (pbuh) did not allow the young Abdullah bin Umar and Al-Bara’ bin ‘Aazeb to join the army.

وابن – أنا استصغرت قال البراء المهاجرون عن وكان بدر يوم عمرومائتين وأربعين نيفا واألنصار ستين على نيفا بدر ( يوم البخاري )

– The Prophet refused for a Mushrik to join the army.

The Battle of Badr

The Muslim army head toward Badr to intercept the caravan

Abu Sufian finds out about the Muslim army and heads west to avoid it.

Abu Sufian sends Damdam bin Amr Al-Ghifari to recruit help from Makkah.

The Makkan army heads to Badr with 1300 fighters.

Abu Sufian informs the army the caravan is safe. 300 from Zuhra return to Makkah.

• The division in Quraysh:– Banu Zuhrah return to Makkah.– Abu Jahl insists on challenging the Muslims.

The Battle of Badr

And do not be like those who came forth from their homes insolently (arrogantly) and to be seen by people and avert [them] from the way of Allah . And Allah is encompassing of what they do.And [remember] when Satan made their deeds pleasing to them and said, "No one can overcome you today from among the people, and indeed, I am your protector." But when the two armies sighted each other, he turned on his heels and said, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I see what you do not see; indeed I fear Allah . And Allah is severe in penalty."Al-Anfaal 8:47-48

The Battle of Badr

The state of the Mushrik army

األنفال

As your Lord caused you (O Muhammad) to go out from your home with the truth; and verily, a party among the believers disliked it,

Disputing with you concerning the truth after it was made manifest, as if they were being driven to death, while they were looking (at it).

And (remember) when Allah promised you (Muslims) one of the two parties (of the enemy i.e. either the army or the caravan) that it should be yours; you wished that the one not armed (the caravan) should be yours, but Allah willed to justify the truth by His Words and to cut off the roots of the disbelievers.

That He might cause the truth to triumph and bring falsehood to nothing, even though the Mujrimun (disbelievers, polytheists, sinners, criminals) hate it.

األنفال

The Battle of Badr

The hesitation in part of the Muslim army

• The Consultation with the Companions– Al-Muhajiroon– Al-Ansaar

مسعود : • ابن عنصاحبه أكون ألن مشهدا األسود بن المقداد من شهدتوسلم عليه الله صلى النبي أتى به عدل مما إلي أحب

قوم قال كما نقول ال فقال المشركين على يدعو وهويمينك عن نقاتل ولكنا فقاتال وربك أنت اذهب موسى

الله صلى النبي فرأيت وخلفك يديك وبين شمالك وعنقوله يعني وسره وجهه أشرق وسلم عليه

) البخاري )

The Battle of Badr

• The Muslim army advances to Badr– Scouting: “we are from water”– Intelligence gathering: “how many camels do they

eat every day?”

The Battle of Badr

When ye were on the near bank (of the valley) and they were on the yonder bank, and the caravan was below you (on the coast plain). And had you tried to meet one another you surely would have failed to keep the tryst, but (it happened, as it did, without the forethought of either of you) that Allah might conclude a thing that must be done; that he who perished (on that day) might perish by a clear proof (of His Sovereignty) and he who survived might survive by a clear proof (of His Sovereignty). Lo! Allah in truth is Hearer, Knower.Al-Anfaal 8:42

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

To Madinah

To Makkah

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Badr

To Madinah

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The Muslim army reaches BadrCamps at the “Near bank” close to Madinah

To Madinah

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Initial Muslim’s camp

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The advice of Al-Hubab bin Al-Munther

To Madinah

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The Muslims construct a reservoir and fill it with water

To Madinah

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The Muslims close the wells that are close to Quraysh side (The Farther Bank)

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To Madinah

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The Muslim Army sleeps and rests

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Rain falls

When Allah showed them unto you (O Muhammad) in thy dream as few in number, and if He had shown them to you as many, you (Muslims) would have faltered and would have quarreled over the affair. But Allah saved (you). Lo! He knows what is in the breasts (hearts of men). Al-Anfaal 8:43

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

when He covered you with a slumber as a security from Him, and He caused water (rain) to descend on you from the sky, to clean you thereby and to remove from you the Rijz (whispering, evil-suggestions) of Shaitan (Satan), and to strengthen your hearts, and make your feet firm thereby.Al-Anfaal 8:11

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

• The division in Quraysh:– ‘Utbah bin Rabi’ah recommends to go back

without fighting.– ‘Umayr bin Wahab warns Quryash of the

determination in the Muslim camp.

• Abu Jahl insists on fighting

The Battle of Badr

And when He made you (Muslims), when you met (them), see them with your eyes as few, and lessened you in their eyes, (it was) that Allah might conclude a thing that must be done. Unto Allah all things are brought back. Al-Anfaal 8:44

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Friday 17th Ramadhan, 2AH

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Spears

Archers

Infantry

The Prophet’sCommand Post

The Rows System“As-Saff”

Al-’Areesh

قال • عباس ابن عنأنشدك إني اللهم بدر يوم وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي قال

فقال بيده بكر أبو فأخذ تعبد لم شئت إن اللهم ووعدك عهدكيقول وهو فخرج حسبك

) البخاري ) الدبر ويولون الجمع سيهزم

The Battle of Badr

(Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): "I will help you with a thousand of the angels in succession (following one another) .“Allah made it only as glad tidings, and that your hearts be at rest therewith. And there is no victory except from Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.Al-Anfaal 8:9-10

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

O Prophet, urge the believers to battle. If there are among you twenty [who are] steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one hundred [who are] steadfast, they will overcome a thousand of those who have disbelieved because they are a people who do not understand.Al-Anfaal 8:65

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

عليه : • الله صلى الله رسول قال قال مالك بن أنس عنواألرض وسلم السموات عرضها جنة إلى يقول قوموا قال

السموات عرضها جنة الله رسول يا األنصاري الحمام بن عميرعليه الله صلى الله رسول فقال بخ بخ قال نعم قال واألرضالله رسول يا والله ال قال بخ بخ قولك على يحملك ما وسلمتمرات فأخرج أهلها من فإنك قال أهلها من أكون أن رجاءة إال

آكل حتى حييت أنا لئن قال ثم منهن يأكل فجعل قرنه منالتمر من معه كان بما فرمى قال طويلة لحياة إنها هذه تمراتي

) مسلم ) قتل حتى قاتلهم ثم

The Battle of Badr

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‘Utbah

Shaybah

Al-Walid

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‘Utbah

Shaybah

Al-Walid

Ali

‘Ubaydah

Hamza

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‘Utbah

Shaybah

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Ali

‘Ubaydah

Hamza

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Ali

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Hamza

These two contrary kinds of man have become engrossed in contention about their Sustainer!But [thus it is:] as for those who are bent on denying the truth – garments of fire shall be cut out for them [in the life to come]; boiling liquid will be poured over their heads, causing all that is within their bodies, as well as the skins, to melt away. And they shall be held by iron grips; and every time they try in their anguish to come out of it, they shall be returned thereto and [be told]: "Taste suffering through fire [to the full]!" [As against this,] behold, God will admit those who attain to faith and do righteous deeds into gardens through which running waters flow, wherein they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls, and where silk will be their raiment: for they were [willing to be] guided towards the best of all tenets, and so they were guided onto the way that leads to the One unto whom all praise is due. Al-Hajj 22:19-24

The Battle of Badr

الحج

God had helped you at Badr, when you were a contemptible little force; then fear God; thus May ye show your gratitude. When you (Muhammad) said unto the believers: Is it not sufficient for you that your Lord should support you with three thousand angels sent down (to your help) ? Nay, but if you persevere, and keep from evil, and (the enemy) attack you suddenly, your Lord will help you with five thousand angels sweeping on. Allah ordained this only as a message of good cheer for you, and that thereby your hearts might be at rest, Victory comes only from Allah, the Mighty, the Wise. Al Umran 3:123-126

The Battle of Badr

عمران آل

When thy Lord inspired the angels, (saying): I am with you. So make those who believe stand firm. I will throw fear into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Then strike above the necks and strike each of their fingers. That is because they opposed Allah and His messenger. Whoso opposes Allah and His messenger, Allah is severe in punishment.

Al-Anfaal 8:12

The Battle of Badr

األنفال

To Madinah

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عنه الله رضي أسيد أبي عنقال

الله صلى الله رسول لنا قالإذا بدر يوم وسلم عليه

واستبقوا فارموم أكثبوكم) البخاري ) نبلكم

To Madinah

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• The aftermath of the Battle of Badr– The Prophet and the believers stayed for three

days in Badr• Standing firm and confirming their victory• Burying the Martyrs.• Burying the killed enemy. • Resting the army.• Gathering the booties.

The Battle of Badr

طلحة • أبي عنوعشرين بأربعة بدر يوم أمر وسلم عليه الله صلى الله نبي أن

خبيث بدر أطواء من طوي في فقذفوا قريش صناديد من رجالكان فلما ليال ثالث بالعرصة أقام قوم على ظهر إذا وكان مخبث

واتبعه مشى ثم رحلها عليها فشد براحلته أمر الثالث اليوم ببدرشفة على قام حتى حاجته لبعض إال ينطلق نرى ما وقالوا أصحابهويا فالن بن فالن يا آبائهم وأسماء بأسمائهم يناديهم فجعل الركي

ما وجدنا قد فإنا ورسوله الله أطعتم أنكم أيسركم فالن بن فالنيا عمر فقال قال حقا ربكم وعد ما وجدتم فهل حقا ربنا وعدنا

صلى الله رسول فقال لها أرواح ال أجساد من تكلم ما الله رسولأقول لما بأسمع أنتم ما بيده محمد نفس والذي وسلم عليه الله

منهم ونقيمة وتصغيرا توبيخا قوله أسمعهم حتى الله أحياهم قتادة قال

) البخاري ) وندما وحسرة

The Battle of Badr

Hast thou not seen those who gave the grace of Allah in exchange for thanklessness and led their people down to the Abode of Loss,Hell – which they [themselves] will have to endure? And how vile a state to settle in!And they set up rivals to Allah that they may mislead (men) from His way. Say: Enjoy life (while ye may) for lo! your journey’s end will be the Fire.

Ibraheem 14:28-30

The Battle of Badr

ابراهيم

عوف • بن الرحمن عبد قالحديثا فتيان يساري وعن يميني عن فإذا التفت إذ بدر يوم الصف لفي إنيأرني عم يا صاحبه من سرا أحدهما لي قال إذ بمكانهما آمن لم فكأني السن

أقتله أن رأيته إن الله عاهدت قال به تصنع وما أخي ابن يا فقلت جهل أبابين أني سرني فما قال مثله صاحبه من سرا اآلخر لي فقال دونه أموت أو

فأ مكانهما ضرباه رجلين حتى الصقرين مثل عليه فشدا إليه لهما شرتعفراء ابنا وهما

قال • عنه الله رضي أنس عنابن فانطلق جهل أبو صنع ما ينظر من وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي قال

فأخذ قال جهل أبو أأنت قال برد حتى عفراء ابنا ضربه قد فوجده مسعودابن حديث وفي قومه قتله رجل أو قتلتموه رجل فوق وهل قال بلحيته

رمق " : , بآخر فوجدته مسعود ابن قال والحاكم إسحاق ابن عند عباسوبما : , : قال الله عدو يا الله أخزاك فقلت عنقه على رجلي فوضعت

قال " أنه مخزوم بني من رجال وزعم قال قتلتموه رجل أعمد هل ؟ أخزانيرأسه : " " : " احتززت ثم قال صعبا مرتقى الغنم رويع يا ارتقيت لقد له

أبي : الله عدو رأس هذا فقلت وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول به فجئترواية , : " المغازي زيادة وفي له فحلف ؟ هو إال إله ال الذي والله فقال جهل

الحديث نحو عوف بن الرحمن عبد عن الشعبي طريق من بكير بن يونسثم " , بيده وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول فأخذ له فحلف وفيه بعده الذيثالث : " وأهله اإلسالم أعز الذي لله الحمد فقال عنده فقام أتاه حتى انطلق

مرات " .

The Battle of Badr

يقول • عنه الله رضي أنسا سمعت قال ) يوم ) األنصاري عدي بن الحارث بن سراقة ابن حارثة أصيب

) النبي ) إلى مالك بن أنس عمة أمه فجاءت غالم وهو بدرمنزلة عرفت قد الله رسول يا فقالت وسلم عليه الله صلى

األخرى تك وإن وأحتسب أصبر الجنة في يكن فإن مني حارثةفقال أصنع ما جنان ترى إنها هي واحدة أوجنة أوهبلت ويحك

الفردوس جنة في وإنه كثيرة

The Battle of Badr