Seerah of Prophet Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (SAW)Mohammad (SAW)

Meccan Period

Why to study the Seerah of Why to study the Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (SAW)?Prophet Mohammad (SAW)?

Islamic movement led by the Prophet(SAW) brought a divine message of salvation and success.

It addresses the issues and problems of this world and gives logical solutions.

Its message is universal. Its influence is ever increasing. His message and Seerah are preserved like no one

else in the history.

Situation at the time of his Situation at the time of his Prophethood.Prophethood.

World was divided politically into two camps,i.e.,Persian and Roman empires.

Persians worshipped stars and fire. Romans had Christians believing in trinity and also idol

and star worshippers. Indians were Hindus worshipping idols. Jews had lost their original books and were sticking with

their rigid rituals. Arabs were worshipping idols. They had a tribal

system.Their society was infested with immorality, injustice and crimes.

Advantages for Dawah Advantages for Dawah amongst Arabs.amongst Arabs.

Strategic central location of Arabia. Arabic language was most suitable. Qualities of the Arabs.

1-Free of political domination.

2-Bravery

3-Determination, sincerity.

4-Intellectual faculties.

5-Unique memory, generosity, honor, pragmatism.

Some difficulties for Dawah Some difficulties for Dawah amongst the Arabsamongst the Arabs

IlliteracyBlind following of the forefathersPolytheism or SHIRKMutual fights and tribal rivalriesImmorality and illegitimate means of

earning.

Beginning of the Prophethood.Beginning of the Prophethood.

Seclusion in Hira cave.First revelation. Ayat of Surah Qalam.Khadija ® consoles him.Meeting with Warqa bin Nofil.Interval of 6 months.Second revelation. 7 ayat of Surah

Mudassar.

Stages of Islamic MovementStages of Islamic Movement

Meccan. It has 4 distinct periods.

1-Secret Dawah. 3 years.

2-Open Dawah. 2 years.

3-Persecution. 5 years.

4-Extreme oppression. 3years.Madani.

Secret DawahSecret Dawah

Selected people with close relationship.

Khadija, Ali, Zaid, Abu Bakr,Characteristics of early Quranic Surahs.

Small effective ayat, best reasoning & style,Reformation of beliefs.Secret Salaahs.Characteristics of the believers.

Open DawahOpen Dawah

Proclamation on Safa.Dinner for Abdul Muttalib Family.RidiculeFalse accusations and propaganda.Name calling.

Open Dawah (Cont'd)Open Dawah (Cont'd)

Proclamation in HARAM.(Harith bin Abi Hala dies protecting the Prophet)

Reasons for opposition1-Perceived as a threat to their power.2-Their moral weaknesses were being exposed. Opponents strategy1-Killing of one Muslim could lead tribal wars.2-They chose to call names and spread false rumors. How the Prophet faced this situation.1-Answered the objections.2- Continue his work.

Open Dawah (Contd)Open Dawah (Contd)

People from other tribes accept Islam.(AbuZar)

Offers made by pagans.(Utbah bin Rabi)

Open Dawah(Contd)Open Dawah(Contd)Results of this periodResults of this period

Some righteous individuals joined the movement to struggle for its success.

Many others became its opponents.Its message started reaching outside the

limits of Mecca.

PersecutionPersecution

Khabbab bin Arat (Slave of Umm Anmar)Forced to lay on burning coal till it cooled off. Bilal bin Rabah ( Slave of Umaya bin

Khalf).Forced to lie on hot sand with heavy rock on his chest.

Ammar® was beaten lying on hot sand. Lubneya® was beaten by Omar till he would get

tired. Zubera® was beaten by Abu Jahl till she was blind

Consequences of this Consequences of this persecution.persecution.

Common people developed sympathies with the persecuted.

Caused curiosity amongst others to know more about this movement.

Movement was spreading in every home in Mecca and beyond its boundaries.

Best people of the society were being attracted to the movement.

Clear positive changes in the character of believers

Migration to Habasha(Africa)Migration to Habasha(Africa)

5th Nabawi year. 11men and 4 women.Meccans sent delegation to NajjashiJafar bin Abi Talib’s speech.Meccan delegation’s tactic. (Position of Isa)83 Muslims migrate to Habasha.Najjashi (As’hama) became Muslim.When Najjashi died, Prophet did Janaza.

Persecution (Contd)Persecution (Contd)

Abu Jahl mistreats the Prophet(SAW)Hamza® accepts Islam.Omar® joins the movement.Sanctions against Bani HashimIsolation in Shi’b Abi Talib.(7th Nabawi) for

three years.

Subjects of Quranic Surahs in Subjects of Quranic Surahs in this time period.this time period.

Believers were told their duties. They were instructed about highest conduct. Jamaah and its collective conduct Ways of effective Dawah. Sabr in face of most difficult circumstances. Built their morale by promising Jannah and

ultimate success in this world. Opponents were admonished and warned Replies were given to the objections.

4- Extreme Oppression4- Extreme Oppression3 years.3 years.

10th Nabawi. Amul Huzn (Year of sorrow)

1-Death of Abu Talib

2-Death of Khadija ®

44

Travel to Taif Meeting with people during Haj and Fairs Lailatun Nakhla. Jinns accept Islam. (Ahqaf) 6 people of Khazraj accept Islam at Uqbah during

Haj.(10th Nabawi) Baya Uqba Ula.(11th Nabawi) 12 people accepted

Islam from Madina. Musab bin Umair sent as teacher to Madina.

44

Baya Uqbah Thani.12th Nabawi.72 people accepted Islam and pledged their support.

Extreme opposition and persecution of the Prophet(S).

Miracles of the Prophet(SAW)Miracles of the Prophet(SAW)

Definition. Extraordinary supernatural event or incidence shown by Allah as evidence for the Prophethood.

Major miracle is a final evidence and if people do not believe, usually there is Azab.

Prophet Mohammad and the Sahaba had a desire for miracle. (Sura Al Anaam:35)

Miracles Miracles

QuranAkhlaq RasoolSplitting of the moon. (Shaqqul Qamar)Sura Qamar, Bukhari and Muslim.Miraj (12th Nabawi)Prophet(SAW) traveled from Meccah to

Jerusalem (Isra) and then from Jerusalem to the heavens (Miraj).

MirajMiraj

1st Heaven. Adam2nd Heaven.Yahya and Isa.3rd Heaven. Yusuf.4th Heaven.Idrees.5th Heaven.Haroon.6th Heaven.Musa.7th Heaven.Ibrahim.Talked to Allah.

MirajMiraj

Gifts of Miraj.1- 50 Salaat reduced to 5.2- Last ayat of Surah Baqara.3- 14 Commandments in Surah Isra.Good

news that the time of persecution will soon be over.

4-If a Muslim avoids Shirk, he will eventually enter Jannah.

Subjects of Quranic Suras in Subjects of Quranic Suras in this time period.this time period.

This persecution is a temporary phase. Akhira is the best place for Muttaqeen. Prophets before faced persecution with Sabr Allah’s Method has been to test the Muslims. This test develops the highest qualities. When the believers succeed, then Allah’s Help

shall come. Preparation for Hijrah.

MigrationMigration

Hijra is moving to another place where one can better fulfill the demands of Islam.

A Muslim can live under system of Kufr:

1-If one can not get out of the oppression.

2- If he struggles to bring Islamic change.Prophet (SAW) gave permission for

migration in the face of persecution.

Prophet(SAW) migrates.Prophet(SAW) migrates.

He let Ali to sleep on his bed and to pay the amanat to their owners.

Left in the company of Abu Bakr.Stay in cave of Thowr for 3 days.Pagans follow him and announce bounty.He came out of the cave on 4th day and

travelled for one day and night.Meeting with Suraqa bin Jasam.

Prophet (SAW) arrives in Prophet (SAW) arrives in Madina.Madina.

Quba (3 miles from Madina).He built a masjid here.

Welcome in Madina.Stayed at Abu Ayub Ansari’s house for 7M.Masjid Nabawi was constructed.Mawakhat (Brotherhood) between Ansaars

and Muhajiroon.