seed project preliminary research

1D 1S A1 A2 A3 A4 A52004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Legend

2004-2008 Hurricanes Tracking

aftermath of hurricane david in Dominica

in 2008 there were 8 hurricanes in the Caribbean

996 people were killed

the destruction cost 39.2 billion dollars

Hurricanes Gustav and Dean in Jamaica, The Dominican Republic and Haiti.

Houston, USA[1,171,768]

New Orleans, USA[775,889]

Altamira, Mexico[209,961]

Veracruz, Mexico[551,461]

Progresso, Mexico[66,331]

Puerto Barrios, Guatemala[198,633]

Santo Tomas de Castilla, Guatemala[193,623]

Miami, USA[981,700]

American Virgin Islands[37,643]

Cartegena, Columbia[551,865]

Barranquilla,Columbia[76,173]

La Guaira, Venezuela[125,604]

Aruba[72,563]

Puerto Cabello, Venezuela[629,282]

Santa Maria,Columbia[53,426]

British Virgin Islands[40,599] Anguilla

[20,299]

Antigua and Barbuda[44,522]St. Kitts-Nevis

[40,599]

Dominica[8256]

Guadeloupe[105,228]

caribbean ports: Container Handeling [Tens of Thousands]

Curacao[72,015]

Bahamas[618,580]

Barbados[72,649]

Cayman Islands[44,304]

Cuba[253,743]

Dominican Republic[516,390]

Grenada[40,599]

Haiti[73,266]

Jamaica[902,222]

Puerto Rico[1,892,635]

St. Lucia[45,810]

St. Vincent & Grenadines[40,599]

Trinidad & Tobago[303,393]

Martinique[143,877]

in the world

ther are currently over 30 million shipping containers

NOT being used

Images from pports in New Jersey, New York and Los Angeles

3 deaths

$ 0.25 millions6 deaths

$ 78 millions5 deaths

$ 1,520 millions 21 deaths

$ ～ 180 millions25 deaths

$ 8,300 millions101 deaths

$ 160 millions $532 deaths

$ 31,500 millions126 deaths

6 deaths$ 23 millions

$ 9.7 millions9 deaths

1 deaths$ 2,090 millions

$ ～ 96 millions1 deaths

Landfall pointHurrivcane

Arthur Ambergris Caye, BelizeBertha Bermuda (direct hit, no landfall)Cristobal Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

(direct hit, no landfall)Dolly Cancún, Mexico

Cabo Cruz, CubaMatanzas Province, Cuba

Gustav Jacmel, Haiti

Little Cayman, and CaymanBrac, Cayman Islands (directhit, no landfall)Isla de la Juventud, CubaPinar del Río Province, CubaCocodrie, Louisiana

Hanna ProvidencialesInagua, Bahamas (direct hit,no landfall)Northern Hispaniola (directhit, no landfall)Middle Caicos, Turks and Caicos IslandsNorth Myrtle Beach, South CarolinaIslip, New YorkConnecticut/Rhode Island Border

Ike Grand Turk IslandInagua, BahamasPunto de Sama, CubaPinar del Río Province, CubaGalveston Island, Texas

Kyle Yarmouth, Nova ScotiaMarco El Laurel, VeracruzOmar US Virgin Islands (direct hit, no landfall)Sixteen El Limón, HondurasPaloma Grand Cayman Island (directhit, no landfall)

Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, Cayman IslandsSanta Cruz del Sur, Cuba

Kingston, Jamaica

South Padre Island, TexasEdouard Gilchrist, TexasFay Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Key West, FloridaCape Romano, FloridaFlagler Beach, FloridaCarrabelle, Florida

Arthur

Bertha

TS Josephine

TS Nana

Ike

TS Cristobal

Dolly

TS Edouard

Fay

Gustav

Hanna

TS Laura

Kyle

TS Marco

OmarTD Sixteen

Paloma

Landfall points & Damage from 2008 Hurricanes

Legend A2 A3 A4 A51D 1S A1

Landfall Point A21S A1 A3 A4 A51D

container surplus The world’s introduction of the shipping container resulted in vast improvements in port handling efficiency. Lower shipping and freight charges helped boost trade flows. In today’s society, almost every consumer good spends some time in a shipping container. Today there are about 30 million containers in the world. At the same time, there are an estimated 700,000 sitting in U.S. ports alone due to the exploding growth of imports from China. This problem exist in many coun-tries where their imports exceed their exports. It is cheaper to manufacture a new container in China, than transporting it empty back to where it originated. In port cities and areas around inland freight transit terminals hundreds of thou-sands of empty containers are piling up.

Castries, St. Lucia

caribbean countries: Populations [Fifties of Thousands]

Houston, USA(2,200,000)

New Orleans, USA(239,124)

Altamira, Mexico(162,628)

Veracruz, Mexico(444,438)

Puerto Barrios, Guatemala(40,900)

Miami, USA(409,719)

American Virgin Islands(109,840)

Cartegena, Columbia(1,240,000)

Aruba(101,541)

Puerto Cabello, Venezuela(154,000)

British Virgin Islands(22,000)

Anguilla(13,477)

Antigua and Barbuda(84,522)

St. Kitts-Nevis[40,599]

Dominica(72,514)

Guadeloupe(452,776)

Bahamas(307,451)

Barbados(281,968)

Cayman Islands(47,862)

Cuba(11,423,952)

Dominican Republic(9,507,133)

Grenada(90,343)

Haiti(8,924,553)

Jamaica(2,804,332)

Puerto Rico(3,958,128)

St. Lucia(159,585)

St. Vincent & Grenadines(118,432)

Trinidad & Tobago(1,047,366)

Martinique(402,000)

container

In 1956, trucking tycoon Malcom McLean invented a better, faster, and more economical way to transport goods. His new container could be lifted by crane from truck to ship to train. These new stackable containers spread rapidly through the United States and engulfed the world market shortly thereafter. Between 1968 and 1970 the container was finally globally standardized. The majority of containers used today comply with ISO standardizations, with 20’ and 40’-long containers being used predominantly.

B

D

A

FE

C

B

A

C

containerend framesEnd frames are provided at both the front and the rear of the container. These are welded assemblies of steel members which include the corner castings of standardized handling sockets (C). Heavy loads required for staking the containers require a thicker material in the end frames. 1/4-inch material formed into a box section is most commonly used.

longitudinal rails Side rails running longitudinally along the top and bottom of the container join the two end frames together and are used to mount the side panels. The rails-to-frame joint is usually bolted.

side panelsSide panels are attached to the end frames and side rails, and are usually a corrugated sheet metal. Steel is most common but aluminum and corten steel can also be used for this construction. A typical side panel is made from a 18-gauge (.049in.) sheet stock with corrugations of about 1.5 inches depth.

roof panelThe roof is generally the same material and construction as the side panels, however one-piece sheet material is preferred in order to maximize resistance to water. Adhesives are sometimes also used to minimize water infiltration.

bottom structureThe understructure and flooring transfer loads induced by deadweight and inertial reactions of the contents to the side rails. The cross members are formed channels or extruded shapes of steel or aluminum. The deck is usually a softwood floor board, shiplap jointed. Plywood is also used for flooring.

doorsDoors are usually heavy plywood clad with metal faces, referred to as plymetal. Doors are usually generously proportioned for the further reason that when firmly engaged to the end frame, they significantly contribute to the container’s resistance to racking forces. Locking bars, sometimes one or two per door, are used for security and added strength.

A

B

C

D

E

F

handling provisionsStandardized fittings (C) located on the corners of the container, are used for stacking and moving the containers. The fittings have elongated sockets on the top of the containers to which are engaged connecting fittings of a crane or mobile handling unit. Similar sockets are on the underside of the contain-ers to provide restraint when containers are on deck or on a land vehicle.

top

20’-0”8’-0”

8’-6

”

front side rear

plan

longitudinal section section

side

top

front rear

horizontal section

longitudinal section section

40’-0”8’-0”

8’-6

”

external diminsions:internal diminsions:

floor area:weight:

internal volume:

20-0 x 8-0 x 8-6 (L x W x H)19.4 x 7-8 x 7-10 (L x W x H)149 ft²6,460 lbs1165 ft³

external diminsions:internal diminsions:

floor area:weight:

internal volume:

40-0 x 8-0 x 8-6 (L x W x H)39.6 x 7-8 x 7-10 (L x W x H)304 ft²8,300 lbs2,378 ft³

40 GC

20 GC

An empty 40’ GP container can withstand a 140 mph. wind before overturning, whereas a 20’ GP container can sustain winds up to 150 mph.

caribbean-regionexport commodities

The Caribbean is Heterogeneous, an

Idiosyncratic series of independent

islands and cultures, identified by local

traditions and traits

Artist, David Boxer

“The Caribbean is not a closely knit

homogenous society. It is still very much

a group of societies and those societies

are different by…unfortunately, but this is

how it is defined by the colonial past. In

the English speaking territories we are

closer we do deal with the same past.

There are coming out is this the histories

of the French Certainly and when and

you think of Haiti and with the Spanish

men you think of Cuba or Santa

Domingo, but in each of the areas the

French treated, for instance, their slaves

differently, probably it accounts for the

different personalities, the different racial

personalities within the Caribbean, but

we will always feel closer to those from

Barbados and Jamaica here, we will feel

close to those from Barbados, from

Trinidad, from Antigua, from the English

speaking territories then we do with

those from the French, or those from the

Dutch, or even the Spanish.”

–David Boxer St. Andrew Jamaica

0

50 million

100 million

150 million

200 million

250 million

300 million

country 303.8m 37.5m 65.1m 109.9m 191.9m

carib

bean r

egio

n

population

demographics

land

sea

united

sta

tes

mexic

o

france

bra

zil

7,000

2,515,900 sq km

13 sovereign states

2 overseas departments

14 dependent territories

European Union or

United States

African (Kongo, Igbo, Yoruba, Akan)

Native American (Arawak, Caribs, Taino)

European (Spanish, French, English, Portuguese, Dutch)

Asian (Chinese, Indian)

# of islands:

caribbean sea:

government types:

ethnicities:

Cuba

Cayman Islands

Jamaica Haiti Dominican Republic

Bahamas

Miami

New Orleans

Puerto Rico

U.S. virgin

Islands

U.K. virgin

Islands

Anguilla

Antigua-Barbuda

Guadeloupe

Dominica

Martinique

Barbados

St. Vincent

Grenadines

Grenada

Trinidad

& Tobago

Puerto Rico

U.S. virgin

Islands

U.K. virgin Islands

Anguilla

Antigua-Barbuda

Guadeloupe

Dominica

Martinique

Barbados

St. Vincent

Grenadines

Grenada

Trinidad

& Tobago

The Caribbean and the Sea

KCHO (Alexis Leyva Machado)

“I believe that for the Caribbean, the sea is everything.

Our door, our enemy, our friend, our mom…And this,

when you are far from the sea, you feel it. And you

feel it is fundamental for you, and that your island is

that way, and you feel that all your islands from the

Caribbean are that way, and that the sea is in that

direction. And you feel that the sea is your escape,

and that though you are in the middle of the continent,

you can smell it, and know in which direction you need

to go.” - KCHO

land area = 27,600 sq km

or

2.7 million soccer fields

291 km

haiti-port-au-prince

27

,60

0 s

q k

m t

ota

lpermanent crops

arable land

other (developed, rural)

export commodities

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 8,925,000 39,800

5,600,000 2,500,000 15,500

cub

a

haiti

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

population

port

-au-p

rince

havana

demographics

land use

labor

3.6

millio

n t

ota

l w

ork

ers

2/3

unem

plo

ym

entagriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

republic

95% black, 5% mulatto, white

french, creole

80% roman catholic, 16% protestant

flooding, earthquakes, droughts, hurricanes

(purchasing power parity): $12.15 billion

(purchasing power parity): $1,400 (U.S.: $45,800)

52.9% (shortage of skilled labor)

5.6%

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

literacy:

hiv/aids prevalence:

hurricanes

Jeanne 2004 killed 3000

Flora 1963 killed 8000

unnamed 1935 killed 2000

Hazel 1954 killed 1000

Gordon 1994 killed1000

Georges killed 400

destroyed 80% crops

Haiti is by far the most poverty stricken country in the Carib-bean. Most Haitians live in small, often remote, villages or isolated settlements, with no access to electricity, clean water, or social services. Some rudimentary education is offered by church and other charitable organizations, but the distances children must travel to school, the costs of books and uniforms, and the necessity for them to work from an early age means that illiteracy is estimated at over half of the adult population. Illness can often spell financial disaster, as meager savings or investments such as a pig must be sold to pay for medi-cines. In some areas large numbers of people are depen-dent on aid agencies for food supplies.

Aerial view of the flooding caused by Hurricane Hanna in Gonaives, Haiti's second largest city (pop. 300,000).

poverty


or

1 million soccer fields

228 km

jamaica-kingston

10

,80

0 s

q k

m t

ota

l

permanent crops

arable land


export commodities

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 2,804,300 39,800

5,600,000 96,000 15,500

cub

a

jam

aic

a

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

population

kin

gsto

n

havana

demographics

land use

labor

1.2

6 m

to

tal w

ork

ers

10

.1%

unem

plo

ym

ent

agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

constitutional parliamentary democracy

91% black, 6.2% mixed

english

62.5 protestant, 14.2 unspecified

hurricanes, deforestation, pollution


(purchasing power parity): $7,700 (Haiti: $1,300)

mostly mountains, narrow-discontinuous coastal plain

hot, humid

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

terrain:

climate; tropical:

1km 2km 3km 4km

land area = 754 sq km

or

75,400 soccer fields

47 k

m

dominica-roseau

75

4 s

q k

m t

ota

lpermanent crops

arable land


export commodities

hurrincane

david August, 1979

37 killed

5,000 injured

56,000 left homeless

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 72,500 39,800

5,600,000 15,900 15,500

cub

a

dom

inic

a

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

population

roseau

havana

demographics

land use

labor

25

,00

0 t

ota

l w

ork

ers

23

% u

nem

plo

ym

ent

agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

parliamentary democracy

87% black, 8.9% mixed, 2.9% carib

english, french patois

61.5% roman catholic, christian 7.7%

floods, hurricanes

(purchasing power parity): $688.7 million


rugged mountains of volcanic origin

northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

terrain:

climate; tropical:

1km 2km 3km 4km


or


32 k

m

barbados-bridgetownexport commodities

population

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 282,000 39,800

5,600,000 96,500 15,500

cub

a

barb

ad

os

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

brid

geto

wn

havana

demographics

land use

labor

43

1 s

q k

m t

ota

l1

28

,50

0 t

ota

l w

ork

ers

10

.7%

unem

plo

ym

ent

agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

permanent crops

arable land


parliamentary democracy

90% black, 6% asian, 4% white

english

63% protestant, 28% angilican, 19% pentecostal

hurricanes, landslides, pollution



160,000

1bridgetown

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

internet users:

maritime ports:

hurricanes

1780 killed 4,326 in Barbados.

1831 killed 1,500

1887 just north; 80mph winds

1895 just south; 110mph

winds

1898 95mph; hundreds killed

1916 just north; 85mph

1955 janet; 120mph winds

killed 35 people; damaged

1800 homes,20,000

homeless..

1963 just north; 95mph winds

1979 david passes to the north

with 140mph winds

1980 Allen; 125mph winds; 6

Million dollars in damage

1995 Marilyn to north; 75mph

winds; minor damage

Barbados has a comparatively

high density at 1,561people per

square mile.


or


236 km

united states-new orleansexport commodities

population

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 303,824,640 39,800

5,600,000 96,500 15,500

cub

a

united

sta

tes

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

new

orleans

havana

demographics

land use

labor

data

based

on u

s

sq

km

tota

l

7.2

% u

nem

plo

ym

ent

in n

ew

orleans 2

00

6agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

permanent crops

arable land


constitution based federal republic

67% black, 28% white, 2.3% asian

english

51% protestant, 23% roman catholic

hurricanes, polluction,

(purchasing power parity): $14.6 trillion


2.48 new orleans, density 2,684 people per sq mile

3.23 new orleans

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

avg household:

avg family size:

hurricanes

August 2005 - Katrina

80 percent of city flooded

$200 billion estimated damages

1,2000 estimated deaths

Noteable Economic Losses

302,000 housing units destroyed on Gulf Coast

142,000 housing units destroyed New Orleans

112,000 housing units destroyed were low income or affordable


or


380 km

dominican rep.-santo domingo

48

,40

0 s

q k

m t

ota

lpermanent crops

arable land


export commodities

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 9,507,000 39,800

5,600,000 2,253,000 15,500

cub

a

dom

inic

an r

ep

ub

lic

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

population

santo

dom

ingo

havana

demographics

land use

labor

4.1

millio

n t

ota

l w

ork

ers

15

.4%

unem

plo

ym

ent

agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

democratic republic

73% mix, 16% white, 11% black

spanish

95% roman catholic

water shortage, erosion, coral reef, deforestation


(purchasing power parity): $8,800 (Haiti: $1300)

4,061,000

5

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

urban populations total:

maritime ports:

hurricanes

Georges. (Category 3) 1998.

Hortense. (Category 3-1) 1996

Gilbert. (Category 3) 1988

Emily. (Category 4-2) 1987

David. (Category 5-4)1979

Beulah. (Category 4) 1967

Inez. (Category 4-3) 1966

Edith. (Category 2) 1963

San Zenon. (Category 3) 1930


or


1,100 km

cuba-havana

11

0,8

00

sq

km

to

tal

permanent crops

arable land


export commodities

dom

inic

an r

ep

ub

lic

santo

dom

ingo

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity9,507,000 11,423,900 39,800

2,253,000 5,600,000 15,500

cub

a

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

population

havana

demographics

land use

labor

4.9

6 m

to

tal w

ork

ers

1.8

% u

nem

plo

ym

ent

agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

communist state

65.1% mulatto, 24.8% mestizo, 10.1% black

spanish

85% roman catholic

hurricanes, deforestation, pollution, biodiversity loss



1.31 million

198,300

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

internet users:

cell phones:

hurricanes

August 2008,

Hurricane Gustav made landfall on western Cuba

with winds of 150 mph destroying 100,000

homes.

The hurricane destroyed nerouns food sources

making it very difficult to feed the 86,000

plus population that was hit.

1km 2km 3km 4km


or


175 km

puerto rico-san juanexport commodities

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country

citycity11,423,900 3,958,100 39,800

5,600,000 433,700 15,500

cub

a

puert

o r

ico

st

kitts

& n

evis

bassete

rre

population

san juan

havana

demographics

land use

labor

8,9

00

sq

km

to

tal

1.3

millio

n t

ota

l w

ork

ers

12

%unem

plo

ym

ent

agriculture labor

industry labor

service labor

permanent crops

arable land


common wealth U.S.

80.5% white (spanish origin), 8% black

spanish, english

85% roman catholic, 15% protestant & other

erosion, droughts, hurricanes

(purchasing power parity): $75 billion


182,100 units

3,517 per sq km

government:

ethnicity:

language:

relegion:

hazards:

GDP:

GDP per capita:

urban housing:

urban density:

hurricanes

San Felipe 1928 category 5

San Cyprian 1932

Hugo 1989 category 5

Georges 1998

St. Jeanne 2004

TS. Olga 2007

ornamentationCutout trim or fretwork can be seen on a majority of Caribbean houses. No two houses are the same and each detail is the personal expression of its pridefull owner.

Fret sawTraditional fretwork ornamentation designs were first hand-carved in wood. In 1865 the invention of the mechanical fret saw lead to even more decorative designs that could be mass-produced. American industries began producing the fretwork designs which could be bought by the yard. The detail became easier and more affordadble for the average Caribbean to puchase for their homes.

caribbean color

Unlike low-income housing in many developing regions, in the Caribbean there is an architectural form which shows remarkable consistancy. The Caribbean popu-lar house or case, can be seen throughout the Islands. The major-ity of houses in the Caribbean are built by process of individual and extended community self-help. In St. Lucia, for example, this is referred to as coup-de-main, whereby friends, relatives and neighbors are asked to assist in the process of house construction, normally at weekends. In some cases where the resident might not own his land, a house might be built with light weight wood construction with no nails, so the houses can be easily disasembled, “flat-packed”, and moved to another location. Other types of modular construction can be seen in the design of these houses.

case houses

Sugar CaneWith the industrial cultivation of sugarcane, the demand for labor-ers was not locationally constant. Therefore, a permanent structure for housing was incompatible with the need to move workers around the plantation or from on plantation to another, and a movable hut style was required..

chattel house- literally, moveable property, a name given to a small, usually wooden house in the Caribbean. The term goes back to the plantation days when the home owners would build houses designed to move from one property to another. Chattel houses were set on blocks rather than being anchored into the ground. Some houses were built entirely out of wood and assembled without nails. This allowed them to be disassembled (along with the blocks) and moved from place to place. In some cases, the entire small house was moved by donkey or mule cart.

Remnants of these chattel houses are commonly seen today, and are popular dwellings for lower class citizens of the Carribean. No longer being portable, many of the homes have been added on to, and modified to meet the needs of the owner.

Regional Sun/DaylightAnual amount of Electrici Energy of Daily Life

How can we get the Energy og Daily Life?

160-447kWh

114-296kWh

290-710kWh

31-311kWh

Watching TV for 3.5 hours everyday

Turning on the Lightfor 5.5 hours everyday

Turning on the Airconditionerfor 3.6 months

Keeping foods in the Refrigerator86F° : 180 days54F° : 186 days

(mi/h) New orleansSunlightDaylight

Maiami Bahamas Cuba CaymanIsland Jamaica Haiti Dominican

RepublicPuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and

BarbudsGuadeloupeDominica Martinique St.Lucia

St. Vincentand

GrenadinesGrenada Barbados

TrinidadandTobago

Aruba Bermuda

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

SunlightMax10H

SunlightMin4H

DaylightMax14H

DaylightMax10H

Monthly Sunlight and Daylight ( in Hour )

DishwasherFacewasher

Clotheswasher

ShowerToilet

15.9gal

4.0gal

5.3gal1gal

5.3gal

Wind

Water

Sun Light

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Technology and Design

New orleans Maiami Bahamas Cuba CaymanIsland Jamaica Haiti Dominican

RepublicPuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and

BarbudsGuadeloupeDominica Martinique St.Lucia

St. Vincentand


TrinidadandTobago

Aruba Bermuda

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

°F

Max86.7

Min54.5

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Regional TempretureAnual Average Tempreture ( in F°)

Monthly Tempreture ( in F°)

United StatesNew Orleans

Maiami

Cuba

JamaicaHaiti

Aruba

Trinidad and Tobago

DominicanRepublic

Bahamas

Puerto Rico

Bermuda

Bermuda

St.Kitts and Nevis

US Virgin islands

Antiqua and BarbudaGuadeloup

Dominica

Martinique

St.Lucia

St.Vincent andGrenadines

Grenada

Barbados

70.3

77.5

78.2

76.2

81.8

83.2

78.7 80.8

80.678.8 80.9

80.679.9

81.080.5

81.7

82.3

81.6

81.4

81.8

84.4

72.2

Regional Sun/DaylightAnual amount of Electrici Energy of Daily Life

How can we get the Energy og Daily Life?

160-447kWh

114-296kWh

290-710kWh

31-311kWh

Watching TV for 3.5 hours everyday

Turning on the Lightfor 5.5 hours everyday

Turning on the Airconditionerfor 3.6 months

Keeping foods in the Refrigerator86F° : 180 days54F° : 186 days

(mi/h) New orleans

Sunlight Daylight

Maiami Bahamas CubaCaymanIsland Jamaica Haiti

DominicanRepublic

PuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and

BarbudsGuadeloupe Dominica Martinique St.Lucia

St. Vincentand


Trinidadand

TobagoAruba Bermuda

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

SunlightMax10H

SunlightMin4H

DaylightMax14H

DaylightMax10H

Monthly Sunlight and Daylight ( in Hour )


Clotheswasher

ShowerToilet

15.9gal

4.0gal

5.3gal

1gal

5.3gal

Wind

Water

Sun Light

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Technology and Design

New orleans Maiami Bahamas CubaCaymanIsland Jamaica Haiti

DominicanRepublic

PuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and


St. Vincentand


Trinidadand

TobagoAruba Bermuda

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

°F

Max86.7

Min54.5

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Regional TempretureAnual Average Tempreture ( in F°)

Monthly Tempreture ( in F°)

United StatesNew Orleans

Maiami

Cuba

JamaicaHaiti

Aruba

Trinidad and Tobago

DominicanRepublic

Bahamas

Puerto Rico

Bermuda

Bermuda

St.Kitts and Nevis

US Virgin islands

Antiqua and BarbudaGuadeloup

Dominica

Martinique

St.Lucia

St.Vincent andGrenadines

Grenada

Barbados

70.3

77.5

78.2

76.2

81.8

83.2

78.7 80.8

80.6

78.880.9

80.6

79.9

81.0

80.5

81.7

82.3

81.6

81.4

81.8

84.4

72.2

(mi/h) New orleans Maiami Bahamas CubaCaymanIsland Jamaica Haiti

DominicanRepublic

PuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and


St. Vincentand


Trinidadand

TobagoAruba

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Regional Wind-force

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Max19.5 mi/h

Min3.2mi/h

Air-X Land 12V Wind Turbine Start up speed

8 mi/h

Air-X Land 12V Wind Turbine 38kwh/month

@12 mi/h

Electrici COnsumption and Production by country

United States Cuba Jamaica Haiti DominicanRepublic

Trinidad andTobago

Residential [Gwh] 1,351,520 5,705 1,097 109 4,168 1,688

Population 298,444,215 11,382,820 2,758,124 8,308,504 9,183,984 1,065,842

Residential/p [kwh] 4,529 501 398 13 454 1,584

Total Production [Gwh] 4,300,100 16,469 7,473 570 14,150 7,045

Production from:

- coal 2,128,446 0 0 0 1,901 0

- oil 80,550 15,920 7,201 299 9,519 15

- gas 839,262 0 0 0 1,293 7,003

- biomass 49,019 455 106 0 29 27

- waste 22,926 0 0 0 0 0

- nuclear 816,195 0 0 0 0 0

- hydro* 317686 94 166 271 1408 0

- geothermal 16,581 0 0 0 0 0

- solar PV 15 0 0 0 0 0

- solar thermal 550 0 0 0 0 0

- wind 26,676 0 0 0 0 0

- tide 0 0 0 0 0 0

- other sources 2,196 0 0 0 0 0

2006(2000)

L/p/yr

United States of America 283,230,000 203000

Mexico 98,872,000 47000

Canada 30,757,000 157000

Other_North_Central_America 56,909,000 15000

Brazil 170,406,000 93000

Argentina 37,032,000 67000

Chile 15,211,000 66000

Other_South_America

Three area’s Average

97,261,000 49000

145,800,000 89000

Population gal/p/yr

53,627

12,416

41,475

3,963

24,568

17,700

17,435

12,944

23,511


Clotheswasher

ShowerToilet

15.9gal

4.0gal

5.3gal

1gal

5.3gal

15.9gal per 5mini(60L)

4.0gal(15L)

5.3gal(20L)

5.3ga(20L)

Shower Toilet Dishwasher Clotheswasher

Domestic use water consumption

Rainfall means

Anual Rainfall gal and alival number for one 20’ × 8’ container’s Roof

Anual Rainfall Average of these area

Anual Average of Domestis use water consumption in these area

1 person can live for two 20’× 8’ container !!

1m1m

1ft 8ft20ft

1ft

1L/squ m=1/3.785 411 784gal/squ m

0.3048・0.3048L/squ ft=0.2642・0.3048・0.3048gal/squ ft

160・0.3048・0.3048L/20’container=160・0.2642・0.3048・0.3048gal/20’container

1L

0.3048・0.3048L

=

=

=

1 square m 1 square ft 20’ Container

1L/squ m 3.92719.....gal/20’container

12,009.0 gal/year/20’container3,057.9L/year/squ m

23,511.3gal/p/year 0.5 person/year/20’container≒

≒

Regional RainfallDomestis use water consumption each nation


DominicanRepublic

PuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and


St. Vincentand


Trinidadand

TobagoAruba Bermuda

10.8 9.5 9.7 9.8 10.9 16.3 9.6 10.8 13.0 9.2 7.7 7.6 24.1 14.4 14.5 17.1 17.9 11.8 9.2 13.4 6.6 10.30.2(person)

(million gal)0.2 2.5 2.5

US North & Central America South America

2.8 4.1 2.4 2.7 3.3 2.3 1.9 1.9 6.1 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.5 3.0 0.7 1.0 0.5 2.6

Max1137gal/squ ft

Min145gal/squ ft

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Monthly Rainfall ( in gal/squ ft )


DominicanRepublic

PuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and


St. Vincentand


Trinidadand

TobagoAruba Bermuda(gal/squ ft)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

passive

active

SOLAR

SOLAR

That is a really thin solar panel

It only cost 99cents per watt

nanosolar

2

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

1

1

ceramic insulation

aerogel 3

60% of building-related co2 emissions are due to residential building

3

passive comfort measures

active comfort measures

natural ventilationmechanical ventilation

evaportive coolingartificial ventilation

heavy constructionlightweight construction

solar heating

free cooling

incidental heatinginsullation/permeabilitysolar control/shading

artificial lightingdaytime

daylight

not important importanttropical

night ventilation

free heating

passive solar technologies take advantage of sunlight for useful energy withoutuse of active mechanical systems. these technologies convert this energy into usable heat, water, air, thermal mass, and cause air movement for ventilation.

roll print solar cells are 1/100TH as thick as standare solar cells. It is the most cost effective, and can be rolled onto any surface. The panel, is constructed of light-weight solar-electric cell foil which can be cut to any size. ENERGY HARVESTING TEXTILES THE DISTRIBUT RENEWABLE ELECTIRCAL POWER. GENERATE UP TO 16,000 WATT HOURS OF ELECTRICITY.

TRANSLUCENT MOVABLE CURTAINS CREATE SHADE AND FORM AN INSULATING AIR LAYER FOR THE BUILDING ENVELOPE.

hollow microscopic thermal balls filled with air. it has the appearance of an off white powder becasue the balls are so tiny. - Thermal coating - Sound absorption - UV coating - Antiseptic and anti-mold - Anti-rust, corrosion - Fire Retardant

consist of a sandwich of two layers of structural board with an insulating layer of foam in-between.

low-density solid-state material derived from gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. are good thermal insulators because they almost nullify the three methods of heat transfer (convection, conduction and radiation).

2

sip panels 4

kennedy&violich 5

Regional Energy Production

Electricity Consumption and Production by country

United States Cuba Jamaica Haiti DominicanRepublic

Trinidad andTobago

Residential [Gwh] 1,351,520 5,705 1,097 109 4,168 1,688

Population 298,444,215 11,382,820 2,758,124 8,308,504 9,183,984 1,065,842

Residential/p [kwh] 4,529 501 398 13 454 1,584

Total Production [Gwh] 4,300,100 16,469 7,473 570 14,150 7,045

Production from:

- coal 2,128,446 0 0 0 1,901 0

- oil 80,550 15,920 7,201 299 9,519 15

- gas 839,262 0 0 0 1,293 7,003

- biomass 49,019 455 106 0 29 27

- waste 22,926 0 0 0 0 0

- nuclear 816,195 0 0 0 0 0

- hydro* 317686 94 166 271 1408 0

- geothermal 16,581 0 0 0 0 0

- solar PV 15 0 0 0 0 0

- solar thermal 550 0 0 0 0 0

- wind 26,676 0 0 0 0 0

- tide 0 0 0 0 0 0

- other sources 2,196 0 0 0 0 0

2006

1

5 54

passive

active

WATER

WATER

cisterns

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

1

3

4

THIS HIPPO IS REALLY EASYTO PUSH

THIS BUCKET REALLY HURTSMY HEAD

2

3

passive water technologies are notably in developing countries, are exerting tremendousand increasing pressure on the use of graound water resources. untreated human waste remainsthe biggest pollution threat to water resources.

A Product that enables anyone, in a most simple fashion, an independent, cheap and mobile solar potable water generation from sea water or brackish water on the base of condensation by solar still. The WATERCONE(r) is a long lasting UV resistant Poly Carbonate product and can be used up to 5 years daily. The WATERCONE(r) system can be referred to as a one step water condensation process with a 40% effectiveness degree

agriculture - 82% low income

industrial - 22% low income

domestic - 8% low income

water conservation priorities, water use by sector

innovative technology is based on the fact that water can be collected from fogs. Full-scale fog collectors are simple, flat, rectangularnets of nylon supported by a post at either end and arranged perpendicular to the direction of the prevailing wind. extracts about30% of the water from the fog passing through the nets. the droplets join to form larger drops that fall under the influence of gravity into a trough or gutter at the bottom of the panel, from which it is conveyed to a storage tank or cistern

a solar heating system can provide up to 85% of domestic hot water energy. The typical 50 gallon electric water heater uses11.1 barrels of oil a year, which translates into the same amount oil used by a typical 4 door sedan driven by the average consumer.

A Hippo Water Roller is a tool designed to transport water more easily and efficiently. Used mostly in developing countries, it carries 24-gallons (90-litres) of water - 5 times the amount possible using traditional methods. A full Hippo contains 200lbs (90 kg) of water, but because the weight is bourne on the ground, it only feels like 22lbs (10kg

cisterns are built to catch and store rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is the gathering, or accumulating and storing, of rainwater.Rain water harvesting is essential when: Surface water is inadequate to meet our demand and we have to depend on ground water.-Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the sub-soil has decreased drasticallyand recharging of ground water has diminished.water cone 1

hippo 2

solar water heating 4

THE AVERAGE 50 GALLON WATERHEATER USES 11 BARRELS OF OIL A YEAR

fog harvesting 5

passive

active

passive wind technologies allow for natural ventilation to increase comfort, for health or for building cooling. natural means of ventilation utilise the motive force of air pressure differentials from external wind effects on the building.

there are two ways in which ventilation can improve comfort. one is a direct physiological effect; by letting in more wind through apertures or the useof wing walls. the other method is through nocturnal cooling, which cools the interior at night and transfers the cool air into the daytime.

+ _

+

_

+

_ +

_

+

_

+ _ +_

+

+

+

+

_

_

_

_

__

best good poor poor

aper

ture

pla

cem

ent

turbine can charge “any size battery bank from 25 to 25,000 amp hours or higher”. The internal charge controller periodically stops charging, reads the battery voltage, and decides on the spot whether to continue charging or stop completely. The result is longer battery life and no overcharging. the turbine is maintenancefree, and only has two moving parts.

sheathes structures with solar weave studded with micro-turbines. The concept takes advantage of a structure’s maximum available surface space. First, it soaks up sunlight via a photovoltaic layer, and transfers energy via nano-wires to storage units at the end of each panel. Second, its tiny turbines employ “polarized organisms” to create chemical reactions, generating power each time the turbine makes contact with the structure. Third, the organisms present in the inner skin of each turbine soak up C02.

planted areas can be as much as 10-15 F cooler than built-up areas due to a combination evapotranspiration, reflection, shading, and storage of cold. plants cool by both shading and evaporative cooling.

WIND

WIND

(mi/h) New orleans Maiami Bahamas CubaCaymanIsland Jamaica Haiti

DominicanRepublic

PuertoRico

US Virginislands

St.Kittsand Nevis

Antiqua and


St. Vincentand


Trinidadand

TobagoAruba

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Max19.5 mi/h

Min3.2mi/h

Air-X Land 12V Wind Turbine Start up speed

8 mi/h

Air-X Land 12V Wind Turbine 38kwh/month

@12 mi/h

AirX produces enoughenergy for both our houses!!

airX

guide for landscape design based on built form

increased velocity area

wind direction

reduced velocity area

planplan

plan

pla

n

pla

n

wind eastwind northwind north eastwind east wind north east

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

1

2

1

green edges

nano vent skin 3

2

3

3

passive

active

LIGHT

LIGHT

led

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

1

1

kennedy&violich 2

2

2

passive light technologies objective in ecological design is to maximize the use of daylighting and to decrease the need for energy-consuming artificial lighting. most techniques wor to control incoming daylight in order to minimise its potentially negativeeffect on visual comfort, glare, and reduce the building;s cooling load by reducing heat gain.

summer sun

winter sun

exterior light shelf

view window

reflectance (%)

colo

r8580

7075

7035

2525

2010daylight reflectance of colors

have a 50,000+ hour lifespan, in this same amount of time you will buy over 50 regular incandescent bulbs or 5 compact florescent bulbs! most powerful replacement bulb (XR-10) uses only 10 watts of electricity, yet it performs on par with a 100 watt incandescent bulb. One - 100 Watt bulb costs approximately $43 dollars to run per year at 12 hours per day. One - 10 Watt EarthLED XR-10 costs approximately$4.30 to run per year at 12 hours per day.

KVA Matx developed energy harvesting textiles to provide light and electrical power for portable media and appliances in the homeby using household textiles. the textiles used in the house, ranging from moveable textile curtains, translucent screens and luminous room enclosures are integrated with plastic photo-voltaics can generate up to 16,000 watt-hours of electricity, a little more than half of the average power needs of an average household.

KVA Matx developed a Portable Light for developing countries, it can provide 10 hours of light with 3 hours exposure. Textile with embedded plastic photo-voltaics.

KVARCH MADE A PROTOTYPEREADING LIGHTS FOR CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

ITS MADE FORM TEXTILES AND PHOTO-VOLTAICS

2

1

History & Culture

The original, non-European inhabitants of Dominica were a tribe named the Kalinago, part of the larger Carib nation which inhabited much of the Caribbean on the eve of Columbus’ voyage. Described by Columbus as a “warlike people”, they often engaged in acts of war with other tribes in an attempt to take future brides. They were skilled shipbuilders and fishermen whose diet was supplemented by hunting and gathering. Carib religion centered mainly on ancestor worship and the preservation of ancestral remains, leading many to believe the Kalinago tribe engaged in acts of cannibalism, although this is still disputed between anthropologists to this day. Prior to 1492 A.D., they numbered in the millions but in the three decades following Spanish colonization the Carib nation had been reduced to a few thousand. The mountainous terrain of Dominica and her impenetrable jungles offered refuge to those hoping to escape Spanish rule and led for the island to be uncolonized for over a century following European settlement. Today, Dominica is home to the only Carib reservation with a small 3,000 member populaton located on the northeast of the island. [Source]: The Washington Post, Lennox Honychurch.

Native Dominicans: Caribs

Although the official Language is English, the “street language” is Creole. The island is very Catholic, as evidenced by having counties divided into Catholic Parishes, which number ten. Dominica is almost entirely black, although small Carib, Asian and white populations exist as the island being a crossroads of culture and history. There are only two major cities, which are the capitol: Roseau and Portsmouth located in the north. Until recently, there was no road connecting the two and the only way to reach each city was by boat. Two major airports also service the 72,500 population which proudly calls themselves Dominicans. [Source]: U.S. Department of State

Demographics Today

Dominica is known as the “Nature Isle of the Caribbean,” with more than two-thirds of island covered in tropical rain forest. This exotic destination is home to approximately 1200 different plant species as well as the first UNESCO World Heritage Site in the eastern Caribbean. In addition, Dominica hosts regular geothermal activity from its active volcano.

Landscape

Over 40% of the population works in some form of agriculture, with an overwhelming majority centered in banana production. Bananas are by far the predominant agricultural product of the isle, which brings in over a million dollars a week in export profits. The need to diversify this agricultural economy has been evidenced by 1979’s Hurricane David destroying over damaging over 70% of the island’s banana crop which brought the economy to a standstill. Market forces brought about by the European Union’s regulation of agricultural products have also recently caused banana prices to drop, further weakening the banana-dependant economy. Thus, there is a need to diversify bananas due to fluctuating markets and hurricanes. Solutions to this can be found in the world’s 1,200 varieties of bananas, some of which may be more hurricane-resistant than others. Other agricultural products need to be introduced to Dominican cultivation. Tourism development has been slow due to a lack of desirable beaches, yet the expanding eco-tourism industry has set the stage to reap huge benefits for Dominica. [Source]: Lennox Honychurch

Economy

“Luxuriant natural tropical forest blends with scenic volcanic features of great scientific interest in this national park centered on the 1,342-m-high volcano known as Morne Trois Pitons. With its precipitous slopes and deeply incised valleys, 50 fumaroles, hot springs, three freshwater lakes, a ‘boiling lake’ and five volcanoes, located on the park’s nearly 7,000 ha, together with the richest biodiversity in the Lesser Antilles, Morne Trois Pitons National Park presents a rare combination of natural features of World Heritage value.”

- UNESCO.org

Morne Trois Pitons National Park

Among the Morne Trois Piton National Park’s most notable attractions are Boiling Lake, Middleham Falls, Trafalgar Falls, Valley of Desolation, Emerald Pool Nature Trail, Boeri Lake, Morne Nichols, Freshwater Lake, Breakfast River, and the Rain Forest Aerial Tram. These attractions contribute to Dominica’s tourist industry and demonstrate the diverse characteristics of the island’s landscape.

- Oranges- Lemons- Limes- Citrons- Shaddocks- Water Lemons- Granadillas- Sappadillas- Pomegranates- Alligator Pears- Mountain Pears- Pineapples- Rose Apples- Star Apples- Sugar Apples- Custard Apples- Mamma Apples- Guavas- Sea-side Grapes- Cocoa Nuts- Conk Nuts- Soursops- Papaws- Cashew Apples- Tamerinds

Fruits Peculiar to the West Indies

- English and American apples- Strawberries- Raspberries- Muscadine Grapes- Figs- Musk Melons- Watermelons- Cucumbers- Gourds- Pompions- English and American Beans- English and American Peas- Cabbages- Carrots- Turnips- Parsnips- Lettuces- Radishes- Horse-radish- Asparagus- Artichokes- Spinage- Celery- Onions- Eschallots- Thyme- Sage- Mint- Rue- Balm- Parsley

Non-native Fruits of Dominica

caribbean-region-program

cub

a

havana

dom

inic

an r

ep

ub

lic

santo

dom

ingoh

aiti

port

-au-p

rince

dom

inic

a

roseau

jam

aic

a

kin

gsto

n

export commodities

40 GC = foor area: 304 ft sq

20 GC = foor area: 149 ft sq

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

country 72,500 2.8m 8.9m 9.5m 11.4m

population

demographics

15,900 96,000 2.5m 2.25m 5.6m

(purchasing power parity)

$9,500

$7,700

$1,400

$8,800

$12,700

GDP per capita:

Dominica:

Kingston:

Port-au-Prince:

Santo Domingo:

Havana:

Cuba

Cayman Islands

Jamaica Haiti Dominican Republic

Bahamas

Miami

New Orleans

Puerto Rico

U.S. virgin

Islands

U.K. virgin

Islands

Anguilla

Antigua-Barbuda

Guadeloupe

Dominica

Martinique

Barbados

St. Vincent

Grenadines

Grenada

Trinidad

& Tobago

Puerto Rico

U.S. virgin

Islands

U.K. virgin Islands

Anguilla

Antigua-Barbuda

Guadeloupe

Dominica

Martinique

Barbados

St. Vincent

Grenadines

Grenada

Trinidad

& Tobago

Dominica : Programming

6-12 people per household

2-3 room plan

non-traditional, non-nucleur family

plumbing: full shower, toilet

day time activity primarily outside (laundry, food

preperation-cleaning of fish)

gardens: typical to rural and possibly urban typologies

seed project preliminary research

Documents

millions6 deaths

millions5 deaths

millions25 deaths

millions101 deaths

landfalllittle cayman

haitilittle cayman

cayman brac

cayman islands44