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Section 2 Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

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Page 1: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Page 2: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

What Are Simple Machines?

What are the six types of simple machines?

Page 3: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-1 What Are Simple Machines?The six types of simple machines

are the simple lever, the pulley, the wheel and axle, the simple inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw.

Page 4: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-2 What Are Simple Machines?, continued

Lever family:

–simple lever

–pulley

–wheel and axle

Inclined plane family:

–simple inclined plane

–wedge

–screw

Page 5: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

The Lever Family

What are the two principal parts of all levers?

Page 6: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-3 The Lever Family

All levers have a rigid arm that turns around a point called the fulcrum.

Page 7: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-4 The Lever Family

First class lever: fulcrum is between the input force and the output force

Ex. hammer

Page 8: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-5 The Lever Family

Second class lever: output force is between the input force and the fulcrum

Ex. Wheel barrow

Page 9: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-5 The Lever Family

Third class lever: input force is between the output force and the fulcrum

〉Ex. arm

Page 10: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

The Lever Family, continued

Page 11: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-6 The Lever Family, continued

The point in the middle of a pulley is like the fulcrum of a lever and the rest of the pulley behaves like the rigid arm of a first-class lever.

Page 12: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-7 The Lever Family, continued

• A wheel and axle is a lever or pulley connected to a shaft.

Ex. Screwdrivers and cranks

Page 13: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-8 The Lever Family, continued

• A pulley system’s MA can be determined by counting the number of ropes supporting the load.

Page 14: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

The Mechanical Advantage of Pulleys

Page 15: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

The Inclined Plane Family

How does using an inclined plane change the force required to do work?

Page 16: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-9 The Inclined Plane Family

Pushing an object up an inclined plane requires less input force than lifting the same object does.

Page 17: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-10 The Inclined Plane Family

• A wedge is a modified inclined plane.

Page 18: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-11 The Inclined Plane Family

• A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

Page 19: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

Compound Machines

What simple machines make up a pair of scissors?

Page 20: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-12 Compound Machines

A pair of scissors uses two first-class levers joined at a common fulcrum; each lever arm has a wedge that cuts into the paper.

Page 21: Section 2Work and Energy EQ: How are work and mechanical advantage of simple machines calculated?

Section 2Work and Energy

13-2-13 Compound Machines

• compound machine: a machine made of more than one simple machine


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