Second Sudan ConsortiumSecond Sudan Consortium

March 2007March 2007

Water Supply and Sanitation Water Supply and Sanitation

Service Delivery and Challenges Service Delivery and Challenges

in Southern Sudanin Southern Sudan

Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural Development Government of Southern Sudan

Introduction – Broad Sector ContextIntroduction – Broad Sector ContextIntroduction – Broad Sector ContextIntroduction – Broad Sector Context● Three Key GoSS Level Ministries for the Water Sector Three Key GoSS Level Ministries for the Water Sector

Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) => Overall Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) => Overall Leadership of Water Sector + Water Resources Management and Leadership of Water Sector + Water Resources Management and Water for ProductionWater for Production

Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural Development (MCRD)Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural Development (MCRD) => Rural => Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS)Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS)

Ministry of Housing, Lands and Public Utilities (MHLPU)Ministry of Housing, Lands and Public Utilities (MHLPU) => Urban => Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Water Supply and Sewerage

● Directorates for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation exist at state Directorates for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation exist at state level in Ministry of Physical Infrastructure => responsible for level in Ministry of Physical Infrastructure => responsible for coordinating planning and implementation of water and sanitation coordinating planning and implementation of water and sanitation service delivery and hygiene promotion.service delivery and hygiene promotion.

● Water and Sanitation teams are being established at the county Water and Sanitation teams are being established at the county levelslevels

● Sector development is evolving towards emergence of a Sector development is evolving towards emergence of a comprehensive and coherent water and sanitation programmecomprehensive and coherent water and sanitation programme

● Three Key GoSS Level Ministries for the Water Sector Three Key GoSS Level Ministries for the Water Sector Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) => Overall Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) => Overall

Leadership of Water Sector + Water Resources Management and Leadership of Water Sector + Water Resources Management and Water for ProductionWater for Production

Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural Development (MCRD)Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural Development (MCRD) => Rural => Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS)Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS)

Ministry of Housing, Lands and Public Utilities (MHLPU)Ministry of Housing, Lands and Public Utilities (MHLPU) => Urban => Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Water Supply and Sewerage

● Directorates for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation exist at state Directorates for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation exist at state level in Ministry of Physical Infrastructure => responsible for level in Ministry of Physical Infrastructure => responsible for coordinating planning and implementation of water and sanitation coordinating planning and implementation of water and sanitation service delivery and hygiene promotion.service delivery and hygiene promotion.

● Water and Sanitation teams are being established at the county Water and Sanitation teams are being established at the county levelslevels

● Sector development is evolving towards emergence of a Sector development is evolving towards emergence of a comprehensive and coherent water and sanitation programmecomprehensive and coherent water and sanitation programme

Introduction – Broad Sector ContextIntroduction – Broad Sector ContextIntroduction – Broad Sector ContextIntroduction – Broad Sector Context

● Overall Sub-sector development objective: To increase access to Overall Sub-sector development objective: To increase access to

safe water and basic sanitation and to build capacity for safe water and basic sanitation and to build capacity for

sustainable management, regulation and expansion of water and sustainable management, regulation and expansion of water and

sanitation services in Southern Sudansanitation services in Southern Sudan

● To ensure progress towards achievement of MDG 7:To ensure progress towards achievement of MDG 7:

About 1200 new safe water points to be created and 700 existing/non-About 1200 new safe water points to be created and 700 existing/non-

functioning water points to be rehabilitated annually functioning water points to be rehabilitated annually

About 65,000 household, communal and institutional improved latrine About 65,000 household, communal and institutional improved latrine

compartments to be constructed per yearcompartments to be constructed per year

Gross annual investment requirement for water facilities is about USD Gross annual investment requirement for water facilities is about USD

20 million and for sanitation facilities is about USD 30 million20 million and for sanitation facilities is about USD 30 million

Need for the development of a comprehensive and coherent water Need for the development of a comprehensive and coherent water

supply and sanitation programmesupply and sanitation programme

● Overall Sub-sector development objective: To increase access to Overall Sub-sector development objective: To increase access to

safe water and basic sanitation and to build capacity for safe water and basic sanitation and to build capacity for

sustainable management, regulation and expansion of water and sustainable management, regulation and expansion of water and

sanitation services in Southern Sudansanitation services in Southern Sudan

● To ensure progress towards achievement of MDG 7:To ensure progress towards achievement of MDG 7:

About 1200 new safe water points to be created and 700 existing/non-About 1200 new safe water points to be created and 700 existing/non-

functioning water points to be rehabilitated annually functioning water points to be rehabilitated annually

About 65,000 household, communal and institutional improved latrine About 65,000 household, communal and institutional improved latrine

compartments to be constructed per yearcompartments to be constructed per year

Gross annual investment requirement for water facilities is about USD Gross annual investment requirement for water facilities is about USD

20 million and for sanitation facilities is about USD 30 million20 million and for sanitation facilities is about USD 30 million

Need for the development of a comprehensive and coherent water Need for the development of a comprehensive and coherent water

supply and sanitation programmesupply and sanitation programme

Sector Policy DevelopmentSector Policy DevelopmentSector Policy DevelopmentSector Policy Development

● Policy Development Process initiated in 2005Policy Development Process initiated in 2005

● Agreement reached on developing a Single Water Agreement reached on developing a Single Water

Policy for Southern SudanPolicy for Southern Sudan

● After consultations final draft to be submitted by 30 After consultations final draft to be submitted by 30

June 2007 to GoSS for approvalJune 2007 to GoSS for approval

● Sub-sector strategies to be developed forSub-sector strategies to be developed for

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (discussions initiated)Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (discussions initiated)

Urban Water Supply and SewerageUrban Water Supply and Sewerage

Water Resources Management and Protection and Water for Water Resources Management and Protection and Water for

Production (agric, industry, hydropower, navigation)Production (agric, industry, hydropower, navigation)

● Policy Development Process initiated in 2005Policy Development Process initiated in 2005

● Agreement reached on developing a Single Water Agreement reached on developing a Single Water

Policy for Southern SudanPolicy for Southern Sudan

● After consultations final draft to be submitted by 30 After consultations final draft to be submitted by 30

June 2007 to GoSS for approvalJune 2007 to GoSS for approval

● Sub-sector strategies to be developed forSub-sector strategies to be developed for

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (discussions initiated)Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (discussions initiated)

Urban Water Supply and SewerageUrban Water Supply and Sewerage

Water Resources Management and Protection and Water for Water Resources Management and Protection and Water for

Production (agric, industry, hydropower, navigation)Production (agric, industry, hydropower, navigation)

Existing and Planned Sector Coordination StructuresExisting and Planned Sector Coordination StructuresExisting and Planned Sector Coordination StructuresExisting and Planned Sector Coordination Structures

● ExistingExisting Water Sector Steering Committee – Water Sector Steering Committee – sector-wide, sector-wide, government led government led

(MWRI Chairing)(MWRI Chairing)

Quarterly water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Planning and Quarterly water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Planning and

Coordination Meetings – Coordination Meetings – government led (MCRD Chairing)government led (MCRD Chairing)

Sector lead and coordination under UN and Partners workplan – Sector lead and coordination under UN and Partners workplan –

UNICEF LedUNICEF Led

Coordination among NGOs – Coordination among NGOs – NGO ledNGO led

Budget Sector Working Group – Budget Sector Working Group – government ledgovernment led

● PlannedPlanned Water Council - Water Council - all government and led by MWRIall government and led by MWRI

State Water Sector Steering Committees – State Water Sector Steering Committees – state government led (MPI)state government led (MPI)

County Water Sector Steering CommitteesCounty Water Sector Steering Committees – government led (County – government led (County

RWSS)RWSS)

● ExistingExisting Water Sector Steering Committee – Water Sector Steering Committee – sector-wide, sector-wide, government led government led

(MWRI Chairing)(MWRI Chairing)

Quarterly water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Planning and Quarterly water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Planning and

Coordination Meetings – Coordination Meetings – government led (MCRD Chairing)government led (MCRD Chairing)

Sector lead and coordination under UN and Partners workplan – Sector lead and coordination under UN and Partners workplan –

UNICEF LedUNICEF Led

Coordination among NGOs – Coordination among NGOs – NGO ledNGO led

Budget Sector Working Group – Budget Sector Working Group – government ledgovernment led

● PlannedPlanned Water Council - Water Council - all government and led by MWRIall government and led by MWRI

State Water Sector Steering Committees – State Water Sector Steering Committees – state government led (MPI)state government led (MPI)

County Water Sector Steering CommitteesCounty Water Sector Steering Committees – government led (County – government led (County

RWSS)RWSS)

Safe Water ProvisionSafe Water ProvisionSafe Water ProvisionSafe Water Provision● Access to safe water - preliminary results of Sudan Access to safe water - preliminary results of Sudan

Household Health Survey (SHHS) puts this as Household Health Survey (SHHS) puts this as 62%;previous estimate of Joint Assessment Mission 62%;previous estimate of Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) was 25%(JAM) was 25%

● A comprehensive inventory of safe water facilities to be A comprehensive inventory of safe water facilities to be initiated in 2007 initiated in 2007

● Basic Safe Water Options:Basic Safe Water Options: New boreholes equipped with handpumpsNew boreholes equipped with handpumps Small and medium mechanised water systems (“water yards”)Small and medium mechanised water systems (“water yards”) Rehabilitation of existing water points (dug wells, boreholes, Rehabilitation of existing water points (dug wells, boreholes,

water yards)water yards) New and rehabilitated dug wellsNew and rehabilitated dug wells Protected springsProtected springs

● Access to safe water - preliminary results of Sudan Access to safe water - preliminary results of Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS) puts this as Household Health Survey (SHHS) puts this as 62%;previous estimate of Joint Assessment Mission 62%;previous estimate of Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) was 25%(JAM) was 25%

● A comprehensive inventory of safe water facilities to be A comprehensive inventory of safe water facilities to be initiated in 2007 initiated in 2007

● Basic Safe Water Options:Basic Safe Water Options: New boreholes equipped with handpumpsNew boreholes equipped with handpumps Small and medium mechanised water systems (“water yards”)Small and medium mechanised water systems (“water yards”) Rehabilitation of existing water points (dug wells, boreholes, Rehabilitation of existing water points (dug wells, boreholes,

water yards)water yards) New and rehabilitated dug wellsNew and rehabilitated dug wells Protected springsProtected springs

Safe Water Provision – 2007 FocusSafe Water Provision – 2007 FocusSafe Water Provision – 2007 FocusSafe Water Provision – 2007 Focus● Construction of new and rehabilitation of broken down Construction of new and rehabilitation of broken down

safe water facilitiessafe water facilities

● Priority areas:Priority areas: Communities with high numbers of returnees and way stationsCommunities with high numbers of returnees and way stations

Guinea worm endemic communitiesGuinea worm endemic communities

Communities experiencing Cholera outbreakCommunities experiencing Cholera outbreak

Schools – to support “Go to School” initiativeSchools – to support “Go to School” initiative

Health facilitiesHealth facilities

● Establishment of a strategy for drinking water quality Establishment of a strategy for drinking water quality

management (surveillance and monitoring)management (surveillance and monitoring)

● Consolidating the system for operation and Consolidating the system for operation and

maintenance (supply chain for spare parts)maintenance (supply chain for spare parts)

● Construction of new and rehabilitation of broken down Construction of new and rehabilitation of broken down

safe water facilitiessafe water facilities

● Priority areas:Priority areas: Communities with high numbers of returnees and way stationsCommunities with high numbers of returnees and way stations

Guinea worm endemic communitiesGuinea worm endemic communities

Communities experiencing Cholera outbreakCommunities experiencing Cholera outbreak

Schools – to support “Go to School” initiativeSchools – to support “Go to School” initiative

Health facilitiesHealth facilities

● Establishment of a strategy for drinking water quality Establishment of a strategy for drinking water quality

management (surveillance and monitoring)management (surveillance and monitoring)

● Consolidating the system for operation and Consolidating the system for operation and

maintenance (supply chain for spare parts)maintenance (supply chain for spare parts)

Sanitation Improvement and Hygiene PromotionSanitation Improvement and Hygiene PromotionSanitation Improvement and Hygiene PromotionSanitation Improvement and Hygiene Promotion

● Access to basic sanitation - preliminary results of Access to basic sanitation - preliminary results of SHHS puts this as SHHS puts this as 6.9%; 6.9%; previous estimate of JAM was previous estimate of JAM was 30%30%

● Promotion of household latrine construction and Promotion of household latrine construction and construction of latrines in schools, public places and construction of latrines in schools, public places and health facilitieshealth facilities

● Hygiene promotion campaignsHygiene promotion campaigns● Strategic Aspects:Strategic Aspects:

Developing a strategy for sanitation improvement including Developing a strategy for sanitation improvement including agreement of roles & responsibilities among GoSS Ministriesagreement of roles & responsibilities among GoSS Ministries

Carrying out Knowledge, Attitude and Practice SurveysCarrying out Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Surveys Developing a communication plan and strategy for hygiene Developing a communication plan and strategy for hygiene

promotionpromotion Training and equipping of hygiene promoters in appropriate Training and equipping of hygiene promoters in appropriate

communication approaches (e.g. PHAST)communication approaches (e.g. PHAST)

● Access to basic sanitation - preliminary results of Access to basic sanitation - preliminary results of SHHS puts this as SHHS puts this as 6.9%; 6.9%; previous estimate of JAM was previous estimate of JAM was 30%30%

● Promotion of household latrine construction and Promotion of household latrine construction and construction of latrines in schools, public places and construction of latrines in schools, public places and health facilitieshealth facilities

● Hygiene promotion campaignsHygiene promotion campaigns● Strategic Aspects:Strategic Aspects:

Developing a strategy for sanitation improvement including Developing a strategy for sanitation improvement including agreement of roles & responsibilities among GoSS Ministriesagreement of roles & responsibilities among GoSS Ministries

Carrying out Knowledge, Attitude and Practice SurveysCarrying out Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Surveys Developing a communication plan and strategy for hygiene Developing a communication plan and strategy for hygiene

promotionpromotion Training and equipping of hygiene promoters in appropriate Training and equipping of hygiene promoters in appropriate

communication approaches (e.g. PHAST)communication approaches (e.g. PHAST)

Capacity Building for ManagementCapacity Building for ManagementCapacity Building for ManagementCapacity Building for Management● Agreements reached on structure for RWSS Departments in MCRD, Agreements reached on structure for RWSS Departments in MCRD,

State Ministries of Physical Infrastructure and CountiesState Ministries of Physical Infrastructure and Counties

● Provision office equipment and vehicles to MCRD and States Provision office equipment and vehicles to MCRD and States

● Technical support for development of core systems and Technical support for development of core systems and

institutional capacity assessments institutional capacity assessments

● Establishment and management of database for water and Establishment and management of database for water and

sanitation facilities – movement of database from Loki to Jubasanitation facilities – movement of database from Loki to Juba

● Strategic training for senior WASH managers in 2007 through Strategic training for senior WASH managers in 2007 through

study tours and water and sanitation management trainingstudy tours and water and sanitation management training

● Establishing and rebuilding of technical training institute in AmadiEstablishing and rebuilding of technical training institute in Amadi

● Establishment of supply chains to ensure easy access to Establishment of supply chains to ensure easy access to

handpump spare partshandpump spare parts

● Agreements reached on structure for RWSS Departments in MCRD, Agreements reached on structure for RWSS Departments in MCRD,

State Ministries of Physical Infrastructure and CountiesState Ministries of Physical Infrastructure and Counties

● Provision office equipment and vehicles to MCRD and States Provision office equipment and vehicles to MCRD and States

● Technical support for development of core systems and Technical support for development of core systems and

institutional capacity assessments institutional capacity assessments

● Establishment and management of database for water and Establishment and management of database for water and

sanitation facilities – movement of database from Loki to Jubasanitation facilities – movement of database from Loki to Juba

● Strategic training for senior WASH managers in 2007 through Strategic training for senior WASH managers in 2007 through

study tours and water and sanitation management trainingstudy tours and water and sanitation management training

● Establishing and rebuilding of technical training institute in AmadiEstablishing and rebuilding of technical training institute in Amadi

● Establishment of supply chains to ensure easy access to Establishment of supply chains to ensure easy access to

handpump spare partshandpump spare parts

ChallengesChallengesChallengesChallenges● Effective coordination between 3 different ministries for the water sector Effective coordination between 3 different ministries for the water sector

and of NGOs to ensure transparency, equity and better budget planningand of NGOs to ensure transparency, equity and better budget planning

● Decentralisation - clarifying institutional structures and defining Decentralisation - clarifying institutional structures and defining institutional roles and responsibilities at GoSS and state levels for rural institutional roles and responsibilities at GoSS and state levels for rural and urban sub-sectorsand urban sub-sectors

● Setting up water tariffs and developing subsidising models for creating Setting up water tariffs and developing subsidising models for creating and maintenance of water pointsand maintenance of water points

● Community ownership and participation in service delivery - low level of Community ownership and participation in service delivery - low level of community participation in management of water and sanitation services community participation in management of water and sanitation services => transition from humanitarian to recovery/development=> transition from humanitarian to recovery/development

● Low local private sector capacity for water point and latrine construction Low local private sector capacity for water point and latrine construction and for supply chain for handpump spare parts for maintenance to and for supply chain for handpump spare parts for maintenance to ensure sustainability of water servicesensure sustainability of water services

● Limitations imposed to water point construction due to poor road Limitations imposed to water point construction due to poor road network and poor road conditions during wet season network and poor road conditions during wet season

● High cost of borehole drilling by private sector – average about High cost of borehole drilling by private sector – average about $12,000/borehole$12,000/borehole

● Effective coordination between 3 different ministries for the water sector Effective coordination between 3 different ministries for the water sector and of NGOs to ensure transparency, equity and better budget planningand of NGOs to ensure transparency, equity and better budget planning

● Decentralisation - clarifying institutional structures and defining Decentralisation - clarifying institutional structures and defining institutional roles and responsibilities at GoSS and state levels for rural institutional roles and responsibilities at GoSS and state levels for rural and urban sub-sectorsand urban sub-sectors

● Setting up water tariffs and developing subsidising models for creating Setting up water tariffs and developing subsidising models for creating and maintenance of water pointsand maintenance of water points

● Community ownership and participation in service delivery - low level of Community ownership and participation in service delivery - low level of community participation in management of water and sanitation services community participation in management of water and sanitation services => transition from humanitarian to recovery/development=> transition from humanitarian to recovery/development

● Low local private sector capacity for water point and latrine construction Low local private sector capacity for water point and latrine construction and for supply chain for handpump spare parts for maintenance to and for supply chain for handpump spare parts for maintenance to ensure sustainability of water servicesensure sustainability of water services

● Limitations imposed to water point construction due to poor road Limitations imposed to water point construction due to poor road network and poor road conditions during wet season network and poor road conditions during wet season

● High cost of borehole drilling by private sector – average about High cost of borehole drilling by private sector – average about $12,000/borehole$12,000/borehole

Priorities for 2007Priorities for 2007Priorities for 2007Priorities for 2007● Approval of Water Policy and development of sub-sector Approval of Water Policy and development of sub-sector

strategiesstrategies

● Establishment of a high level water sector body - Water CouncilEstablishment of a high level water sector body - Water Council

● Consolidation of institutional structures at three levels of Consolidation of institutional structures at three levels of

governmentgovernment

● Safe water provision for returnees, and Guinea worm endemic and Safe water provision for returnees, and Guinea worm endemic and

Cholera prone communities, schools and health centresCholera prone communities, schools and health centres

● Establishment of sound contract procurement and supervision Establishment of sound contract procurement and supervision

arrangementsarrangements

● Human resources development for coordination, planning and Human resources development for coordination, planning and

management of implementation management of implementation

● Building state level capacity to respond to emergencies especially Building state level capacity to respond to emergencies especially

CholeraCholera

● Approval of Water Policy and development of sub-sector Approval of Water Policy and development of sub-sector

strategiesstrategies

● Establishment of a high level water sector body - Water CouncilEstablishment of a high level water sector body - Water Council

● Consolidation of institutional structures at three levels of Consolidation of institutional structures at three levels of

governmentgovernment

● Safe water provision for returnees, and Guinea worm endemic and Safe water provision for returnees, and Guinea worm endemic and

Cholera prone communities, schools and health centresCholera prone communities, schools and health centres

● Establishment of sound contract procurement and supervision Establishment of sound contract procurement and supervision

arrangementsarrangements

● Human resources development for coordination, planning and Human resources development for coordination, planning and

management of implementation management of implementation

● Building state level capacity to respond to emergencies especially Building state level capacity to respond to emergencies especially

CholeraCholera

Thank You for Thank You for Your AttentionYour AttentionThank You for Thank You for Your AttentionYour Attention