SEARCH Closing ConferenceAmman

16 April 2014

“Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience in the Face of Climate Change ”

(SEARCH) Project

SEARCH project is funded by the EU

SEARCH project: to increase the resilience of the (SES) local communities and the ecosystem by developing a resilience framework for local action planning; and testing through demonstration projects

“The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change” (IPCC, 2008)

…the capacity to cope with change and re-build when necessary

What is resilience?

SEARCH working in five countries

EGYPT

Palestine

Jordan

LebanonMorocco

SEARCH in Egypt

Beni-Suef and Minya Governorates

Ehnasia

Samallout

Districts

The impact of Climate Change on strategic crops productivity in

Egypt

%increase in water

requirements

%change in

productivity with

+4°C

% change in productivity with

+3.5°C

%change in

productivity with

+2°C

Crop

+2.5% -18% -9% Wheat

+10% +31% +17% Cotton

+8%. -19% Maize

-51% -14% Tomato

+8%. -19% Sorghum

Source: Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture

Problem Definition

Pressure on natural resources especially water has grown sharply as a result of the impact of the climate change

Other Emerging factors such as increase in population, per-capita demand and competing demands of other sectors

Water have been traditionally managed in a highly centralized manner, which failed to integrate the ecosystem management and satisfy the end users needs

Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia will decrease the water flow to Egypt

Participatory Planning Cycle (PPC) - The PPC is a framework that works at different levels

Stakeholders dialogue for concerted actions

Demonstrating and testing through pilot projects

Documentation of case studies, learning process

Approach

Resilience assessment

Awareness raising

Gather information

Quality control

Analysis Assessing

Strategising

Planning

Implementing

Monitoring

Visioning

Visioning

Awareness raising

Identifyproblems

Develop future vision

Develop initial scenarios

Social analysis

Stakeholder analysis, climate change

Vulnerability assessment

Stakeholders Analysis

Local stakeholders identified at the watershed/district level

Power relations, interests, and influence on the watershed and ecosystem services

Stakeholders categorized according to roles in the watershed management (primary and

secondary)

Main problems •High temperature (heat waves) affect the productivity of many basic crops•Dust storms affect some crops

•Drought leads to increased demand for irrigation water•Water shortages in tail ends of canals•Small capacity of canals branches in some areas•Low efficiency of agricultural drainage systems in some areas•Agricultural and solid wastes disposal in waterways hindering water flows

•The use of unaccredited seeds•High prices of seeds, fertilizers •Newly emerging diseases affecting human beings and livestock and poultry.

Vulnerability Mapping

Poverty Layer

Vulnerability to Food Security (Source: CEDARE and WFP)

Human Development Index

GDP Layer

Samallout

Roads

Faults

Beni-SuefR

oads

Fau

lts

Minia

The matrix of the adaptive capacity

Risk Impacts Coping measure EffectivenessSuggested adaptation

measure

High temperature

Weak productivity

• Planting types tolerant to high temperature.

• Covering small plants with hay.

• Irrigation at early morning and/or the evening

Not enough

cultivation time shift Usage of new types

tolerant to high temperature

Greenhouses

Increased pests that affect crops

Use of pesticides

Not enough

Applying Integrated combating systems for pests control

Increase of water consumption

Irrigation timing in early mornings or in the evenings

Aggregated cropping patterns

Irrigation Improvement

The matrix of the adaptive capacity .

Risk Impacts Coping measure EffectivenessSuggested adaptation

measure

Drought

Salinity of land crops tolerant to

salinityNot enough

New types tolerant to salinity

Conflicts between farmers

Coordination Not enough Establishing Water

Users Associations (WUAs)

Low productivity

of some crops

fertilizers application to crops

Not enough Cultivating low water consumption

crops

Livestock decreased

reproductionReproduction care Not enough

Integrated vet services

Vulnerability Assessment at the community level

Affected area/ sector

Event

Vulnerability Assessment

Exposure

Degree of Sensitivity of the System

Degree of the adaptive capacity

Vulnerability

the end of Canals and Meskas

Drought Exposure to lack of water is high in summer

High Average: Lack of capacity and awareness hinder and limit benefits

High

Reclaimed areas

Wind and frost

High High because it is a desert area

Low because of the high costs incurred in the adaptation measures

High

Resilience Assessment

Stress factor

Climatic factors Anthropogenic factors Other

Frost waves Increased Temp.

Wind DroughtLivestock

raising

Agricult-ure

expansion

Desertifaction and Urban dev.

ExposureM H M H M H H

Sensitivity M H M H M H H

Impact M H M H M H H

Adaptive capacity

M M H M M L L

Vulnerability

M M L M M H H

Resilience M M M L M L L

Diversity’ strategy:

•Re-use of drainage and treated waste water, an example of ‘diversity in resources’. •Use of agricultural modern methods that save water and increase productivity. •Introduce new varieties of crops tolerant to severe climate events, such as heat (heat waves), frost and wind•Mobilize community resources to face climate change. •Improve health care and veterinary care to face climate change

Resilience Strategy Highlights

‘Self Organization and Governance’ strategy:

•Coordination between sectors to achieve policy coherence •Empowerment of communities especially women•Capacity Development of governmental Institutions•Participation in planning / sustainable dialogue between stakeholders and communities •Integrated water resources management (IWRM)•CSOs and Water Users Associations roles in environmental issues.

Sustainable Infrastructure and Technology’ strategy:

•Low cost technology applications for water saving, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture and food security. •Low cost technology for sewage treatment•Soil improvement and protection from desertification •Green infrastructure in government plans•Private sector investments in sustainable infrastructure and technology

‘Learning’ strategy:

•Awareness raising at all levels to face climate change. •Access to data, and information dissemination among stakeholders and communities •Empowerment of civil society •Learning by doing with government institutions (e.g. agricultural extension departments)•Education: upgrade environmental education at schools

Adaptation Plan Highlights

•Increase awareness on CC impacts and adaptation measures

•Improving water management at the farm level and mesqa •Maximizing the use of irrigation improvement project (large national project)•Improving the role of the agriculture extension •Maintenance of the irrigation and drainage networks

•Improving health and environment conditions•Control the rising of subsurface water •Maintenance of sanitation systems •Protection of water quality from pollution sources (solid waste management, sanitation treatment, etc.)

•Promote agro-industries at the village level•Improve marketing•Training center at the village level to support women farmers

Pilot Projects Farmer field schools in El-Masharka and Mayana villages

•Agricultural Extension / Agricultural directorate in Beni Suef

•Transfer messages and knowledge to target farmers

•Awareness on adaptation to climate change / agricultural production

•Evaluation: Knowledge level - pre assessment average was 68% and the post is 94% and have shown a 26% progress in knowledge level

Pilot project 2 Plantation of Tolerant and Economic Trees to maximize the use of water and Improve livelihoods

Drought/heat tolerant / Low water consumption

High nutritious values

High economic value

The world price of green leaves is 4.5 dollars / kilogram

The price of seeds per tree is estimated globally at $ 19

Pilot project 3 – Maintenance of the Non Conventional Sanitation System

Proposal to SFD

Young Women Employment for Health Awareness

Approved

THANK YOU