www.cmpco.com 1

Justin MichligTransmission Planning, Central Maine Power

From the Sun to Maine: Investigating GMD's Impact on Operational Transmission Assets

NASPI ConferenceAtlanta, GA3-23-2016

Sean Patrick MurphyChief Data Scientist, PingThings

We are HereK

pIn

dex

DSCOVR and ACE

NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA

Source: NASA

Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) – Solar Winds

October 8, 2015, Time in UTC

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15 (GOES 15)

NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15 (GOES 15)

NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA

October 8, 2015, Time in UTC

05:00 05:15 05:30 05:45 06:00

Magnetometer

Earth-based Sensors

Source: CANMOS

Source: USGS

Ottawa to Central Maine ~ 350 Miles

USGS Magnetometers

Canadian Magnetometers

Geo-Electric Field, Ottawa, Canada

NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA

Correlation Between GIC at Albion and Geo-Electric Field at Ottawa

NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA

GIC

at A

lbio

n

Geo-Electric Field -O

TT

October 8October 7 October 900:00:00 12:00:00 00:00:00 12:00:00 00:00:00 12:00:00

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Temporary GIC neutral installation on 345/115 kV autotransformer

Monitoring Progress for GMD

NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

-20-15-10

-505

101520

10/7/15 18:00

10/7/15 19:12

10/7/15 20:24

10/7/15 21:36

10/7/15 22:48

10/8/15 0:00

Amps

GIC

Date & Time

GIC on Transformer Neutral

GIC

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Found a high correlation to transformer audio while GIC present

Monitoring Progress for GMD

NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

DC Offset (Rectified)

Raw Sound

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PMU Calculated Transformer Losses vs. GIC

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

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3

3.5

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0.00

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6.00

8.00

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10/8/15 1:00 10/8/15 1:14 10/8/15 1:29 10/8/15 1:43 10/8/15 1:58 10/8/15 2:12 10/8/15 2:26 10/8/15 2:41

Mva

r

Amps

GIC

Date and Time

GIC and Mvar Losses Vs. Time

Rectified GIC

PMU MvarLosses

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Autotransformer DC model showing likely discrepancy

Transmission Voltage Level DC Monitoring

NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

Proposing to measure DC flow on transmission

- As seen in effective current equation, current in one winding can have more impact than the other winding

- Looking into technologies to measure DC - Fiber optic- Hall Effect

Measured GIC flow

Unknown GIC Flow

H

X

H0X0

Ic

Is

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Findings from previously collected data

0

2

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10/8/15 1:12 10/8/15 1:19 10/8/15 1:26 10/8/15 1:33 10/8/15 1:40 10/8/15 1:48 10/8/15 1:55

Amps

Rectified GIC and Harmoics

Rectified GIC

AI HG02Max[Amps]

AI HG04Max[Amps]

AI HG06Max[Amps]

AI HG08Max[Amps]

AI EvenThdMax[%]

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Findings from previously collected data

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

10/1

3/15

9:4

1 PM

10/1

3/15

9:4

8 PM

10/1

3/15

9:5

6 PM

10/1

3/15

10:

03 P

M

10/1

3/15

10:

10 P

M

10/1

3/15

10:

17 P

M

10/1

3/15

10:

24 P

M

10/1

3/15

10:

32 P

M

10/1

3/15

10:

39 P

M

10/1

3/15

10:

46 P

M

GIC

A

Harm

onic

s

Low Level GIC Vs Harmonics AIEvenThdMax[%]AI HG04Avg[Amps]AI HG06Max[Amps]Rectified GIC

www.cmpco.com 16NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

Findings from previously collected data (Potential DFR collection)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Harm

onic

A

GIC A

4th Harmonic Vs GIC

4th Harmonic

Fire DFR once on risingedge of harmonics to capture number of events.

Fire DFR at or near peak of event.

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Tracking GMD through data analysis

- Enabled PMU data capture of high and low sides of transformers

- Applied GMD Power Flow studies to simulate the transmission system response

- Installed new GMD monitoring on transformer ground connections

- Monitored voltage and current harmonics at 345kV and 115kV

- Purchased fiber optic current sensors to gather high voltage GIC measurements

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GMD Progress

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CMP will focus on deploying additional GIC monitoring and improving GMD models

- Deploy fiber optic current sensors to map GIC through auto transformers

- Configure Digital Fault Recorders to record during GMD events

- Expanding PMU network data being captured and stored - Utilize additional information gathered to improve modeling- Work with PingThings to develop a useable operator

interface/display for reporting real time GIC impacts

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CMP Future Efforts

www.cmpco.com 19NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

Alstom/GE COSI F3 Fiber Optic Current Sensor

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Alstom/GE COSI F3 Fiber Optic Current Sensor

Final Conclusions

• GIC is always present (at some level)• More monitoring is needed with research

into enhanced and standardized methods• Data quality matters• Currently deployed data architectures are

not sufficient for real time analysis

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The End

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The End

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The End

www.cmpco.com 25NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

AVANGRID Facilities and Operations

• Avangrid Renewables is the 2nd largest U.S. wind energy producer operating 5.7 GW of wind and solar in 18 states.

• Avangrid Networks provides electric and natural gas service to 3.1 million customers in New York and New England.

Geographic Presence Regulated T&D

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• Founded 2014• Agile, geographically

disperse team• Predictive analytics for real-

time streaming big data• Investors:

– GE Ventures– Double M Partners– K Fund

NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA

Executive Team

Jerry SchumanCofounder/CTO

Rich SootkoosCofounder/CEO

Sean MurphyChief Data Scientist

Mehrdod MohseniCCO

www.cmpco.com 27

History and Recent Drivers

- Monitoring Geomagnetic Induced Current (GIC) activity at the Chester SVC since 1991

- CMP and ISO-NE regularly receive alerts on the timing and intensity in advance of solar events

- The Local Control Center monitors GIC measurements through SCADA and has operating procedures to respond if needed to alerts or measurements

- 2013 Maine Legislature passed a resolve requiring the Public Utilities Commission to develop a report on GMD impacts to the Maine Transmission system

- 2014 Transformer audible noise from two substations reported and later correlated to GIC

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History of GMD at CMP

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Overview

1) Who is Central Maine Power Co2) History of GMD in Maine3) Review of data collection4) Findings from data5) Future Efforts

NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA

Investigation of Geomagnetic Disturbances in Maine