www.cmpco.com 1
Justin MichligTransmission Planning, Central Maine Power
From the Sun to Maine: Investigating GMD's Impact on Operational Transmission Assets
NASPI ConferenceAtlanta, GA3-23-2016
Sean Patrick MurphyChief Data Scientist, PingThings
We are HereK
pIn
dex
DSCOVR and ACE
NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA
Source: NASA
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) – Solar Winds
October 8, 2015, Time in UTC
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15 (GOES 15)
NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15 (GOES 15)
NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA
October 8, 2015, Time in UTC
05:00 05:15 05:30 05:45 06:00
Magnetometer
Earth-based Sensors
Source: CANMOS
Source: USGS
Ottawa to Central Maine ~ 350 Miles
USGS Magnetometers
Canadian Magnetometers
Geo-Electric Field, Ottawa, Canada
NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA
Correlation Between GIC at Albion and Geo-Electric Field at Ottawa
NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA
GIC
at A
lbio
n
Geo-Electric Field -O
TT
October 8October 7 October 900:00:00 12:00:00 00:00:00 12:00:00 00:00:00 12:00:00
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Temporary GIC neutral installation on 345/115 kV autotransformer
Monitoring Progress for GMD
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
-20-15-10
-505
101520
10/7/15 18:00
10/7/15 19:12
10/7/15 20:24
10/7/15 21:36
10/7/15 22:48
10/8/15 0:00
Amps
GIC
Date & Time
GIC on Transformer Neutral
GIC
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Found a high correlation to transformer audio while GIC present
Monitoring Progress for GMD
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
DC Offset (Rectified)
Raw Sound
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PMU Calculated Transformer Losses vs. GIC
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
10/8/15 1:00 10/8/15 1:14 10/8/15 1:29 10/8/15 1:43 10/8/15 1:58 10/8/15 2:12 10/8/15 2:26 10/8/15 2:41
Mva
r
Amps
GIC
Date and Time
GIC and Mvar Losses Vs. Time
Rectified GIC
PMU MvarLosses
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Autotransformer DC model showing likely discrepancy
Transmission Voltage Level DC Monitoring
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
Proposing to measure DC flow on transmission
- As seen in effective current equation, current in one winding can have more impact than the other winding
- Looking into technologies to measure DC - Fiber optic- Hall Effect
Measured GIC flow
Unknown GIC Flow
H
X
H0X0
Ic
Is
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Findings from previously collected data
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
10/8/15 1:12 10/8/15 1:19 10/8/15 1:26 10/8/15 1:33 10/8/15 1:40 10/8/15 1:48 10/8/15 1:55
Amps
Rectified GIC and Harmoics
Rectified GIC
AI HG02Max[Amps]
AI HG04Max[Amps]
AI HG06Max[Amps]
AI HG08Max[Amps]
AI EvenThdMax[%]
www.cmpco.com 15NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
Findings from previously collected data
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
10/1
3/15
9:4
1 PM
10/1
3/15
9:4
8 PM
10/1
3/15
9:5
6 PM
10/1
3/15
10:
03 P
M
10/1
3/15
10:
10 P
M
10/1
3/15
10:
17 P
M
10/1
3/15
10:
24 P
M
10/1
3/15
10:
32 P
M
10/1
3/15
10:
39 P
M
10/1
3/15
10:
46 P
M
GIC
A
Harm
onic
s
Low Level GIC Vs Harmonics AIEvenThdMax[%]AI HG04Avg[Amps]AI HG06Max[Amps]Rectified GIC
www.cmpco.com 16NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
Findings from previously collected data (Potential DFR collection)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Harm
onic
A
GIC A
4th Harmonic Vs GIC
4th Harmonic
Fire DFR once on risingedge of harmonics to capture number of events.
Fire DFR at or near peak of event.
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Tracking GMD through data analysis
- Enabled PMU data capture of high and low sides of transformers
- Applied GMD Power Flow studies to simulate the transmission system response
- Installed new GMD monitoring on transformer ground connections
- Monitored voltage and current harmonics at 345kV and 115kV
- Purchased fiber optic current sensors to gather high voltage GIC measurements
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
GMD Progress
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CMP will focus on deploying additional GIC monitoring and improving GMD models
- Deploy fiber optic current sensors to map GIC through auto transformers
- Configure Digital Fault Recorders to record during GMD events
- Expanding PMU network data being captured and stored - Utilize additional information gathered to improve modeling- Work with PingThings to develop a useable operator
interface/display for reporting real time GIC impacts
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
CMP Future Efforts
www.cmpco.com 19NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
Alstom/GE COSI F3 Fiber Optic Current Sensor
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Alstom/GE COSI F3 Fiber Optic Current Sensor
Final Conclusions
• GIC is always present (at some level)• More monitoring is needed with research
into enhanced and standardized methods• Data quality matters• Currently deployed data architectures are
not sufficient for real time analysis
www.cmpco.com 25NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
AVANGRID Facilities and Operations
• Avangrid Renewables is the 2nd largest U.S. wind energy producer operating 5.7 GW of wind and solar in 18 states.
• Avangrid Networks provides electric and natural gas service to 3.1 million customers in New York and New England.
Geographic Presence Regulated T&D
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• Founded 2014• Agile, geographically
disperse team• Predictive analytics for real-
time streaming big data• Investors:
– GE Ventures– Double M Partners– K Fund
NASPI, March 2016, Atlanta, GA
Executive Team
Jerry SchumanCofounder/CTO
Rich SootkoosCofounder/CEO
Sean MurphyChief Data Scientist
Mehrdod MohseniCCO
www.cmpco.com 27
History and Recent Drivers
- Monitoring Geomagnetic Induced Current (GIC) activity at the Chester SVC since 1991
- CMP and ISO-NE regularly receive alerts on the timing and intensity in advance of solar events
- The Local Control Center monitors GIC measurements through SCADA and has operating procedures to respond if needed to alerts or measurements
- 2013 Maine Legislature passed a resolve requiring the Public Utilities Commission to develop a report on GMD impacts to the Maine Transmission system
- 2014 Transformer audible noise from two substations reported and later correlated to GIC
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
History of GMD at CMP
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Overview
1) Who is Central Maine Power Co2) History of GMD in Maine3) Review of data collection4) Findings from data5) Future Efforts
NASPI Conference in Atlanta, GA
Investigation of Geomagnetic Disturbances in Maine