scte rocky mountain chapter dwdm

8/8/2019 SCTE Rocky Mountain Chapter DWDM

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Digital DWDMDigital DWDMTechnologyTechnology

SCTE Rocky Mountain

ChapterFebruary 15th, 2006

Joe ThomasJoe Thomas

Director, Applications Engineering, OpVistaDirector, Applications Engineering, OpVista

BCT, BDS, BTS, BTCSBCT, BDS, BTS, BTCS


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Cable Industry Use of GbE

Video on Demand Networks

High capacity stream counts from Video Servers High Speed Internet Access

Cable Modem Termination Systems

VoIPVoice over IP

Commercial ServicesColleges, High Schools, Hospitals, Enterprises = Banks,

Insurance Companies Internal Data Networks

Customer Data Base, Phone traffic, Email, Intranet


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3

Video on Demand

TV

TV

GbE Interfaces


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High Speed Data Cable Modem

TVTV

GbE Interfaces


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VOIP

TVTV

GbE Interfaces


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Commercial Services

GbE Interfaces


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Internal Data Networks

GbE Interfaces


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Why the need for DWDM?

Capital Savings

Expense Savings Revenue Generation

Operational Efficiency

Reclaiming Fiber strands Maintaining one network verses 5 or more


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DWDM for Cable Dummies like me

Cable Television Technology and OpticalTechnology are similar

Analog Signals

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Signal level loss characteristics

Amplifier OperationNoise accumulation

Distortion Impairments

Tuning of channels

Accepts all protocolsDistance limited


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AgendaAgenda

Fiber BasicsFiber Basics

AmplificationAmplification WDMWDM

CWDMCWDM

DWDMDWDM

UU--DWDMDWDM

Passive ComponentsPassive Components

Effects of Data RateEffects of Data Rate

Network ArchitecturesNetwork Architectures


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Optical BasicsOptical Basics


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What is Light ?What is Light ? Most people think of light as the portion of the

electromagnetic spectrum visible to the naked eye,

however, in fiber optic communications it has aslightly broader definition.

Light is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrumfrom approximately 300nm to 2000nm.

X-RAY

ULTRA-

VIOLET INFRARED MICROWAVE RADIO

GAMMA

RAY

LOW

FREQUENCY

VISIBLE

400 nm 700 nm

30,000 m0.3 m1 mm10 nm30 pm

1019 3X1016 3X1011 109 104

4.3X10147.5X1014

Optical Region


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Spectral CharacteristicsSpectral Characteristics

Light:Light:UltraUltra--Violet (UV)Violet (UV)VisibleVisibleInfrared (IR)Infrared (IR)

Communication Wavelengths:Communication Wavelengths:

850,850, 1310, 1550 nm1310, 1550 nmLow Loss WavelengthsLow Loss Wavelengths

Specialty Wavelengths:Specialty Wavelengths:

980, 1480, 1625 nm980, 1480, 1625 nm

wavelengthwavelength

850 nm850 nm

980 nm980 nm1310 nm1310 nm

1480 nm1480 nm

1550 nm1550 nm

1625 nm1625 nm

UVUV Infra RedInfra Red

InvisibleInvisibleInvisibleInvisible

VisibleVisible

Optical RegionOptical Region


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A Fiber Optic ChronologyA Fiber Optic Chronology

Circa 2500 B.C.: Earliest known glass

Roman Times: Glass is drawn into fibers

1841: Daniel Colladon demonstrates light guiding in jet of waterin Geneva

1930: Heinrich Lamm assembles first bundle of transparent fibersto carry an image of an electric lamp filament.

1959: American Optical draws fibers so fine they transmit only asingle mode of light; recognizes the fibers as single-modewaveguides.

1960: Theodore Maiman demonstrates first laser at Hughes

Research Laboratories.


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A Fiber Optic ChronologyA Fiber Optic Chronology 1962: Four groups nearly simultaneously make pulsed

semiconductor diode lasers that operate only at -150oC.

1971: Standard Telecommunication Labs (STL) demonstratesdigital video over fiber to Queen Elizabeth at the Centenaryof the Institution of Electrical Engineers

1975: First commercial continuous-wave semiconductor laser

operating at room temperature offered by Laser Diode Labs 1975: First non-experimental fiber-optic link installed by Dorset

(UK) police after lightning knocks out communications

1977: GTE begins first trial of fiber-optic link carrying live

telephone traffic, 6 Mbit/s, in Long Beach, California.


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LightLight

Light passesLight passes throughthroughmedium boundary;medium boundary;

AirAir

GlassGlass

Light is refractedLight is refracted

RefractionRefraction

Optics FundamentalsOptics Fundamentals

Light reflectsLight reflects insideinsidemediummedium

ReflectionReflection

n (1)n (1)

n (2)n (2)

Light reflectsLight reflects insideinsidemediummedium


AirAir

GlassGlass


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Index of RefractionIndex of Refraction The index of refraction (n) is the ratio of the speed of light in a

vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the material (v). This is writtenas: n = c/v

Simply, Index of Refraction is a relative measure of the propagationspeed of the signal.

For a vacuum: n=1; Air: n=1.0003; Water: n=1.333

Also, different wavelengths have different indices of refraction. Thisis why a prism divides the visible colors of the spectrum.

WHITE

LIGHT


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ReflectionReflection -- RefractionRefraction


RefractionRefraction


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Bending light before your very eyes


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Snells LawSnells Law Snells Law is the property used to determine the new direction of

propagation through a transition boundary.

n1 = refractive index of

medium 1

n2 = refractive index ofmedium 2

1 = Angle of incidence2 = Angle of refractionn

1

n2

n1 < n2

1

2

3

1

= 3

n1

sin 1

= n2

sin 2

Incident Wave Reflected Wave

Transmitted Wave

Transition Boundary


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Total Internal ReflectionTotal Internal Reflection Beyond some maximum incident angle the ray of light cannot pass

through the boundary of the two materials and the ray is completelyreflected.

When the angle of incidence exceeds the maximum angle or CriticalAngle, we have Total Internal Reflection.

Total Internal Reflection is the property that allows fiber opticcommunication to occur.

n1

n2 n

1> n

2

c

r

c

= r

Incident Wave Reflected Wave

Transition Boundary1

2sinn

n

C=

Critical Angle


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Fiber ConstructionFiber Construction Optical Fiber is a cylindrical waveguide made of a high purity

fused silica.

The core has a refractive index slightly higher than thecladding which allows the propagation of light via totalinternal reflection.

A single-mode core diameter is typically 5-10m. A multimode core diameter is typically over 100 m.

Cladding (n2)Core (n

1)

n1 > n2Total Internal

Reflection


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Single Mode FiberSingle Mode Fiber

250m250m

CORECORECrossCross--SectionSection

COATINGCOATING

9m9m

CLADDINGCLADDING

CORECORE

CLADDINGCLADDING

CLADDINGCLADDING

COATINGCOATING

Input PulseInput Pulse Output PulseOutput Pulse


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Macro and MicroMacro and Micro--bendsbends

Macrobend refers to loss caused by bending the fiber beyond aminimum bend radius.

Microbend refers to small bends or minute deviations in thecore/cladding interface

Cladding

Core

AppliedStress

Light In

Light Out

R < Minimum Bend Radius


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Fiber AttenuationFiber Attenuation Standard SMFStandard SMF

850 940 1030 1120 1210 1300 1390 1480 1570 1660 1750

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

Atten

uation(dB/km)

Due to the characteristic attenuation curve of fiber, there aretwo regions typically used for communications.


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AmplificationAmplification


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Optical Line AmplificationOptical Line Amplification

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 1616

......

Attenuated ChannelsAttenuated Channels

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 1616

......

Amplified ChannelsAmplified Channels

All Wavelengths Amplified with One AmplifierAll Wavelengths Amplified with One Amplifier


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EDFA OperationEDFA Operation

(980 and 1480 nm)(980 and 1480 nm)pump signal inputpump signal input

1550 nm1550 nmbandbandsignalsignalinputinput

Erbium Doped FiberErbium Doped Fiber

amplifiedamplified

spontaneousspontaneousemissionsemissions

amplifiedamplified

spontaneousspontaneous

emissionsemissions

pump signal outputpump signal output

(980 and 1480 nm)(980 and 1480 nm)

1550 nm1550 nmbandbandsignalsignaloutputoutput

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600

wavelength

d

Bm

Spectrum of a typical EDFASpectrum of a typical EDFA


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EDFA Block diagramEDFA Block diagramOpticalInput

OpticalOutput

Er+3

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER CONTROLLER

PUMPLASER

PUMPLASER

PD PDT

Isolator IsolatorWDM(1550/980) WDM

Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) are the amplificationErbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) are the amplification

device most commonly used in fiber systems.device most commonly used in fiber systems.


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Wave Division MultiplexingWave Division Multiplexing


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Wave Division MultiplexingWave Division Multiplexing

Breaking down the Concept

Wave The wavelength of light or frequency of the channel

Think of it as a CATV channel or Color of light

Division

Dividing the Spectrum Think of it as the same as the CATV channel plan

Multiplexing Combining or Breaking out of specific channels

Think of it as a CATV headend combining network Can be channel specific like a filter

Can be Broadband and non-channel specific


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Wavelengths of LightWavelengths of Light

Light travels farther in fiber at certain wavelengths

Those wavelengths are used for transmission systems

1310nm RegionUsed extensively for

metropolitan area systems

and analog video transport

1550nm RegionLight travels farther than at 1310

Components are more expensive

Used mostly for long distance

DWDM - Between 1530 and 1560

Wavelengths must be very specific

Extra components needed to lock

wavelengths to specific color

1530 1560


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Evolution of WDM SystemsEvolution of WDM Systems

WDMWDM one 1310 and one 1550 channelone 1310 and one 1550 channel

CWDMCWDM 18 Windows, 20nm spacing18 Windows, 20nm spacing

with 1 carrier per windowwith 1 carrier per window

Dense WDMDense WDM 2020 -- 40 Windows, 10040 Windows, 100--

200 GHz spacing with 1 carrier per200 GHz spacing with 1 carrier per

windowwindow

Ultra Dense WDMUltra Dense WDM Windows, 50 GHzWindows, 50 GHz

spacing withspacing with 44 carriers per windowcarriers per window

1310nm1310nm 1550nm1550nm

1310nm1310nm 1550nm1550nm

1310nm1310nm 1550nm1550nm

1310nm1310nm 1550nm1550nm


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The 6 MHz ChannelThe 6 MHz Channel

Visual Carrier

(AM)

Color Carrier

(AM and PM)

Aural Carrier

(FM)Vestigal

Sideband

6 MHz

4.5 MHz

4.2 MHz

3.58 MHz

0.25 MHz

1.25 MHz

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

0.75 MHz

The 6MHz video channel uses Frequency Division Multiplexing toput multiple types of signals into a common RF Spectrum.


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ITU Channel WindowITU Channel Window

NTSC 6 MHz Channel Windows using Frequency Division MultiplexingNTSC 6 MHz Channel Windows using Frequency Division Multiplexing

ITU Windows using Wave Division MultiplexingITU Windows using Wave Division Multiplexing

VV

CC

AA

Wave division Multiplexing does the same thing, but at Optical frequencies(or wavelengths).


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CWDMCWDM

coarse Wave Division Multiplexingcoarse Wave Division Multiplexing

Standard channel plan developed by the ITUStandard channel plan developed by the ITU

International Telecommunications UnionInternational Telecommunications Union

20 nanometer spacing between channels20 nanometer spacing between channels

Starting at 1270nm and going thru 1610nmStarting at 1270nm and going thru 1610nm

18 Channels18 Channels

1270nm

1270nm

1610nm

1610nm

1510nm

1510nm

1570nm

1570nm

1290nm

1290nm

1310nm

1310nm

1330nm

1330nm

1350nm

1350nm

1370nm

1370nm

1390nm

1390nm

1410nm

1410nm

1430nm

1430nm

1450nm

1450nm

1470nm

1470nm

1490nm

1490nm

1530nm

1530nm

1550nm

1550nm

1590nm

1590nm


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DWDMDWDM Dense Wave Division MultiplexingDense Wave Division Multiplexing



400, 200, 100, and now 50 GHz spacing between channels400, 200, 100, and now 50 GHz spacing between channels


ChannelsChannels

1270nm

1270nm

1610nm

1610nm

1510nm

1510nm

1570nm

1570nm

1530 to 15601530 to 1560

DWDMDWDM

1290nm

1290nm

1310nm

1310nm

1330nm

1330nm

1350nm

1350nm

1370nm

1370nm

1390nm

1390nm

1410nm

1410nm

1430nm

1430nm

1450nm

1450nm

1470nm

1470nm

1490nm

1490nm

1530nm

1530nm

1550nm

1550nm

1590nm

1590nm

13101310


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Channel SpacingChannel Spacing (400GHz and 200GHz)(400GHz and 200GHz)

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010

400 GHz Spacing400 GHz Spacing

10 Channels in10 Channels in

Amplified C BandAmplified C Band




11 33 55 77 99 1111 1313 1515 1717 1919 22 44 66 88 1010 1212 1414 1616 1818 2020 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 Spacing between carriers is reduced by half


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Channel SpacingChannel Spacing (100GHz and 50GHz)(100GHz and 50GHz)





40 Channels in40 Channels inAmplified C BandAmplified C Band




11 33 55 77 99 1111 1313 1515 1717 1919 22 44 66 88 1010 1212 1414 1616 1818 2020

11 4040

11

8080


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Ultra DWDMUltra DWDM

Ultra Dense Wave Division MultiplexingUltra Dense Wave Division Multiplexing



12.5 GHz spacing between channels12.5 GHz spacing between channels


320 Channels320 Channels

12.5 GHz Spacing12.5 GHz Spacing



11 80804x Improvement in Bandwidth efficiency4x Improvement in Bandwidth efficiency

11 320320


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WDM, CWDM, DWDM, and UWDM, CWDM, DWDM, and U--DWDMDWDM

WDMWDM

CWDMCWDM

DWDMDWDM

22ndnd Generation DWDMGeneration DWDM

UltraUltra--DWDMDWDM


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Optical PassivesOptical Passives


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Wavelength MUX / DMUXWavelength MUX / DMUX

Works like a prismWorks like a prism Each port has an associated wavelength which is fixed.Each port has an associated wavelength which is fixed.

Same device can be both MUX/DMUXSame device can be both MUX/DMUX

Insertion loss increases with port count.Insertion loss increases with port count.

MM

UU

XX

White LightWhite LightPrismPrism

MonoMono--colorcolorInputsInputs

DD

MM

UUXX

TransmissionTransmission

FiberFiberMultiMulti--colorcolor

OutputOutputMultiMulti--colorcolor

InputInput

MonoMono--colorcolorOutputsOutputs


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Power Combiner / SplitterPower Combiner / Splitter

Splitter and combiner are the same device.Splitter and combiner are the same device.

They are wavelength agnostic.They are wavelength agnostic.

Any wavelength can go to any port and any port can be multiAny wavelength can go to any port and any port can be multi--wavelength.wavelength.

The power loss is the same whether it is used as a combiner orThe power loss is the same whether it is used as a combiner orsplitter.splitter.

There is no such thing as lossless combiner.There is no such thing as lossless combiner.

Ideal loss 1/n. Add 0.5 dB insertion loss for connectors and spIdeal loss 1/n. Add 0.5 dB insertion loss for connectors and splicing.licing.

To convert to dBTo convert to dB 10*log(1/n)10*log(1/n)--0.50.5

1:n1:n

Power = 1/nPower = 1/n

Power = 1Power = 1

1:n splitter1:n splitter

1:n1:n

Power = (a+b+c+d) /nPower = (a+b+c+d) /n

Power = aPower = a

n:1 combinern:1 combiner

Power = bPower = b

Power = cPower = c

Power = dPower = d


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Wavelength Add/Drop MultiplexerWavelength Add/Drop Multiplexer

DropDrop

llaa llbbDropDrop DropDrop

AddAdd

llaa llbbAddAdd AddAdd

InputInput ThroughThrough InputInput ThroughThrough

InputInput ThroughThrough ThroughThroughInputInput

Can be cascaded, butCan be cascaded, but

insertion loss increasesinsertion loss increases

with cascade.with cascade.


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Optical Add/Drop MultiplexerOptical Add/Drop Multiplexer

TapTap

FilterFilter

WavelengthWavelength

FilterFilter

AmplifierAmplifier

(optional)(optional)

AmplifierAmplifier

(optional)(optional)

OADMOADM


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Wavelength Add/Drop MultiplexerWavelength Add/Drop Multiplexer

Same dropped wavelength can be added back to the systemSame dropped wavelength can be added back to the system

(i.e. reuse), except carrying a different traffic signal.(i.e. reuse), except carrying a different traffic signal.

A wavelength filter is the same as an add/drop multiplexer withA wavelength filter is the same as an add/drop multiplexer with

only the input and drop ports.only the input and drop ports.

llaa DropDrop AddAdd

InputInput ThroughThrough

llaa


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Mux

Mux

FILTERFILTER FILTERFILTER

DeMux

DeMux

ROADMROADM ROADMROADM

HeadendHeadend

1.1. Content GroomingContent Grooming

2.2. Client InterfacesClient Interfaces

3.3. E/O and O/EE/O and O/E

Broadcast and Select ROADMBroadcast and Select ROADM

Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop MuxReconfigurable Optical Add Drop Mux

Adding & Dropping Wavelengths Dynamically and remotelyAdding & Dropping Wavelengths Dynamically and remotely


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Effects of Data RatesEffects of Data Rates


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DispersionDispersion

Polarization Mode DispersionPolarization Mode Dispersion

Single mode fiber supports two polarization statesSingle mode fiber supports two polarization statesFast and Slow axes have different group velocitiesFast and Slow axes have different group velocities

Causes spreading of the light pulseCauses spreading of the light pulse

Chromatic DispersionChromatic Dispersion

Different wavelengths travel at different speedsDifferent wavelengths travel at different speeds

Causes spreading of the light pulseCauses spreading of the light pulse


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Impacts of DispersionImpacts of Dispersion

A normal undistorted pulse has a relatively well definedA normal undistorted pulse has a relatively well defined

transition between high and low states, making it easy totransition between high and low states, making it easy to

determine a transition from one state to another.determine a transition from one state to another.

Once a pulse has encountered the effects of dispersion, theOnce a pulse has encountered the effects of dispersion, the

transition between high and low states becomes much lesstransition between high and low states becomes much less

defined as shown above.defined as shown above.

When viewed through a data analyzer, the pulse now appearsWhen viewed through a data analyzer, the pulse now appears

to beto be smearedsmeared along the horizontal (time) axis.along the horizontal (time) axis.


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Data Speed and DispersionData Speed and Dispersion

The amount of transition edgeThe amount of transition edge smearingsmearing will be the same regardless of thewill be the same regardless of the

data rate.data rate.

However, the resultant signal quality caused by dispersion varieHowever, the resultant signal quality caused by dispersion varies greatly withs greatly with

data rate.data rate.

In the above example, the both 10Gb/s and 2.5Gb/s signals have pIn the above example, the both 10Gb/s and 2.5Gb/s signals have propagatedropagatedthe same distance.the same distance.

A transition between high and low states is still distinguishablA transition between high and low states is still distinguishable on the 2.5Gb/se on the 2.5Gb/s

signal, but not on the 10Gb/s signal.signal, but not on the 10Gb/s signal.


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A bad eye with a lot ofdistortion due to dispersion

An OK eye

Timing Jitter

Noise 1

Noise 0

Eye Diagram


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Dispersion Engineering RulesDispersion Engineering Rules

2.5G Carriers Different lasers are available at different costs

80km

180km 600km

1000km with FEC

10G Carriers

Electric Compensation 120km

Fiber Compensation DCF has 7dB loss

DCM has 3.5dB loss and can not be cascaded beyond 650km

Amplification Required to over come loss

40G Carriers 40km


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UltraUltra--DWDMDWDM

Features

12.5 GHz spacing for 4 times the capacity of conventional systems

Instant upgrade to 10 Gb/s transmission

Transmission distance up to 1000 km Benefits

Maximizes revenue per fiber strand

No need to install new fiber

Eliminates need for regenerators or dispersion managementequipment

Conventional: 1ch / 50 GHz ITU window OpVista: Ultra-DWDM 4ch / 50 GHz ITU window

Basic transmission unit

2.5 Gb/s

S


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UU--DWDM SpectrumDWDM Spectrum

50 GHz ITU Window50 GHz ITU Window


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ArchitectureArchitecture

B ildi N kB ildi N k


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Building a NetworkBuilding a Network

Physical Topology Fiber strand connectivity and hub site distance and location

Traffic Types GigE

Bidirectional HSD or Business services

Unidirectional VOD

SONET OC3, 12, 48, or 192

Proprietary DV6000 Prisma

ChromaStream

Fiber Channel

Traffic Pattern Point to Point

Ring

Mesh

T ffi P tt D i A hit tT ffi P tt D i A hit t


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Traffic Patterns Drive ArchitectureTraffic Patterns Drive Architecture

Start with the PhysicalStart with the Physical

TopologyTopology

Determine BandwidthDetermine BandwidthRequirementsRequirements

Determine bestDetermine best--matchmatchphysical routingphysical routing

One Large RingOne Large Ring

Two Small RingsTwo Small Rings

Multiple Small RingsMultiple Small Rings

Hub and SpokeHub and Spoke

Dont overlook lessDont overlook less

obvious routingobvious routing

Physical StarPhysical Star LogicalLogicalRingRing

Collapsed Ring (s)Collapsed Ring (s)

Ph sic l To olog Point to Point


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Physical Topology Point to Point

Traffic Patterns Drive Architecture


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Traffic Patterns Drive Architecture

T ffi P ttTraffic Patterns


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Traffic PatternsTraffic Patterns Hub and Spoke

Packets always flow along the spokes to the hub first, then back to end points,or out to another network

Content and control is centralized at the hubs minimizes equipment at theendpoints

All spoke-to-spoke traffic is routed through hub

Ring Packets flow around a ring or down a line from node to node sequentially Content and control is decentralized each node is no more or less than another Used when there are many services that need to aggregated into a common

carrier Normal for business services - Classic SONET Ring

Mesh Packets flow to and from any node to any node Content and control is decentralized each node is no more or less than another Used when each node has need to send massive amounts of data to all the

other nodes

Typical for regional network when bandwidth switching is done at thewavelength level

Packet flow requirements, more than any other factor, drivethe wavelength routing requirements and networkarchitecture.

Optical Mesh Networks


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Optical Mesh Networks

Why Mesh?

Unpredictable bandwidth demands

Commercial Services traffic is rarely Hub and Spoke traffic pattern

Any to Any is the only safe architecture

Physical Ring

Logical Mesh

Optical Cross-Connect

SummarySummary


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SummarySummary

Fiber BasicsFiber Basics

AmplificationAmplification

WDMWDM

CWDMCWDM

DWDMDWDM

UU--DWDMDWDM

Passive ComponentsPassive Components

Effects of Data RateEffects of Data Rate

Network ArchitecturesNetwork Architectures

Do not look into laser withDo not look into laser with

remaining good eyeremaining good eye

FollowSafetyFollowSafety

InstructionsInstructions

DWDM Mux Demux network with GbE Ring


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DWDM Mux Demux network with GbE Ring

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Demux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C

Mux Demux ring is a series of Point to Point spans

Engineering is simple but expansion is expensive

Channel additions from A to C require modules in B and D

Protection is 1+1 and must use SONET or Layer 2 or 3 for Ethernet

OEO=$ OEO=$

VOD with Set Top Command and Control


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VOD with Set Top Command and Control

DWDM Mux E

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

C

1 2

2 x GbE

T R

1 2

2 x GbE

T R

1 2

2 x GbE

T R

1

2

3

2 Way Spliter x 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A B C D

DA

Add DropL-Out

E-Out L-In

E-In

DA

Add DropL-Out

E-Out L-In

E-In

S S C C

S C

Protection Switch

1 2

2 x GbE

T R

Headend

Hub AHub BHub C

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

DA

Add DropL-Out

E-Out L-In

E-In

DA

Add DropL-Out

E-Out L-In

E-In

S S C C

S C

Protection Switch

1 2

2 x GbE

T R

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

DA

Add DropL-Out

E-Out L-In

E-In

DA

Add DropL-Out

E-Out L-In

E-In

S S C C

S C

Protection Switch

1 2

2 x GbE

T R

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

D AD AD A

OAD1D A

A-Out

D-OutD-In

A-In

12

2 x GbE

TR

xx dB

2GbE

VOD

Hub2

2GbE

VOD

Hub3

2GbE

VOD

Hub4

2GbE VOD

Set Top Control Switch

FLT FLT FLT

Growth Growth

2GbE VOD 2GbE VOD

123

Set TopControlSwitch




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