Scottish Household Survey

Volunteering Cross-sectional Analysis: Culture

@VolScotlandwww.volunteerscotland.org.uk

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Debbie Maltman & Matthew LinningVolunteer Scotland, Research and Evaluation

Contents Page

Section Slide

1. Research Overview 3

2. Scottish Household Survey (SHS) Fields 8

3. Cultural Attendance including cinema 11

4. Cultural Attendance excluding cinema 14

5. Cultural activities including reading 17

6. Cultural activities excluding reading 20

7. Summary Highlights 23

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1. Research Overview

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1. Research overview.• This presentation is one of a series of presentations that builds upon Volunteer Scotland’s time series analysis of

Chapter 11 of the Scottish Household Survey (SHS) by cross tabulating a number of SHS fields with volunteering.

• This presentation cross-tabulates a number of Culture SHS fields with volunteering.

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Cross-sectional presentation topics

Health and Wellbeing

Sport, exercise & outdoor activities

Culture

Household information

Caring responsibilities

Community engagement & citizenship

Neighbourhood characteristics

Other: Internet, marital status & Health Boards

1. Research overview.• The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) is an annual survey based on a random sample of the Scottish Adult

population aged 16+ (9,630 in 2016). This presentation uses data from the 2016 SHS as the full 2017 Dataset was not available at the time the analysis was completed.

• The SHS questions are split into sub-sets of questions asked to either the head of the household, the individual with the highest individual income or a randomly selected adult. The random adult subset of the SHS dataset is used for the analysis undertaken as this section contains the volunteering question.

• This presentation focuses exclusively on Formal Volunteering – defined as “……. Giving up time to help any groups, clubs or organisations in an unpaid capacity” that individuals have undertaken at least once in the past 12 months.

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1. Research overview.

• The culture fields selected for analysis are based on academic literature that shows a link between cultural participation and increased community involvement, including volunteering. The UK government commissioned a literature review into the social impacts of Sports participation and culture - “A review of the Social Impacts of Culture and Sport” . This report found:

“Volunteering and caring are both developed by arts engagement. “

• The report highlights American research undertaken by National Endowment for the Arts which found American volunteer participation rates are higher amongst adults who participate in cultural activities.

“American adults who attend art museums, art galleries, or live arts performances are far more likely than non-attendees to vote, volunteer, or take part in community events. ”

• This presentation analyses relevant SHS Culture fields at a national level and provides a comparison between Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Quintiles (SIMD Q). SIMD Q ranks areas in Scotland on a scale of 1- Most deprived 20% of the population to 5 – Least deprived 20% of the population.

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1. Research overview.• Statistical methodology

• For each of the SHS fields analysed we want to determine if there is a relationship between volunteer participation and the SHS field.

• For example, the volunteer participation rate for those that attend cultural events is above average and those that don’t attendcultural events is below average. In this case does cultural attendance affect volunteer participation rates or is this difference due to chance?

• To test if there is a statistical relationship chi square analysis is used.

• Chi square analysis is used as the data being analysed are categorical (data in categories), for example individuals’ attendance of cultural events is recorded in two categories, yes and no.

• Chi square testing allows us to test a hypothesis (a theory or question), e.g. volunteer participation is dependent on cultural attendance against the alternative hypothesis that volunteer participation is independent of cultural attendance (there is norelationship).

• This tests whether a relationship exists between the two categorical variables analysed, for example volunteering and cultural attendance, but does not tell us whether the difference between the Scottish average participation rate and the volunteer participation rates for each individual category is statistically significant. At this stage we are identifying whether questions have a relationship between volunteering and the overall trend between categories (above or below the Scottish average). It is important for Volunteer Scotland to identify relationships with volunteering at an overall level to understand variables such as general health that have a relationship with volunteering, before undertaking more detailed thematic analysis which examines the relationships further.

• Finally, a relationship (correlation) between the fields analysed and volunteering does not imply causation. Where we see a relationship between the variables this does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. For example a correlation between cultural attendance and volunteering does not mean that volunteering causes cultural attendance. Instead, it may be that those that attend cultural events are attracted into volunteering. We just don’t know.

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2. Scottish Household Survey (SHS) Fields for Culture

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2. Scottish Household Survey (SHS) fields.The SHS fields selected for analysis of ‘culture’ are:

SHS Question Definition Response Categories Sample Size

anyvisit_2012 – Any cultural

attendance (including

cinema)

anyvisit including cinema is an SHS field derived

from a multi response question which asks the

interviewee to confirm if they have attended a list of

cultural events or places in the past 12 months or to

specify any other cultural events they have taken

part in. The list of cultural events and places is

included in the SHS questionnaire documentation.

Responses are derived into Yes and

No responses.

9,630

anyvisitnocinema_2012 - –

Any cultural attendance

(including cinema)

anyvisitnocinema is derived from the same SHS

question as anyvisit detailed above and excludes

responses where the interviewee confirmed their

cultural attendance as cinema visits.

Responses are derived into Yes and

No responses.

9,630

Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 9

2. Scottish Household Survey (SHS) fields.SHS Question Definition Response Categories Sample Size

anyact_2012 – Any cultural activity

(including reading)

anyvisit including reading is an SHS field derived

from a multi response question which asks the

interviewee to confirm if they have participated in a

list of cultural activities in the past 12 months or to

specify any other cultural activities they have taken

part in. The list of cultural events and places is

included in the SHS questionnaire documentation.

Responses are

derived into Yes and

No responses.

9630

anyactnoread_2012 - Any cultural activity (excluding reading)

anyactnoread is derived from the same SHS question

as anyact detailed above and excludes responses

where the interviewee confirmed their cultural

activity as reading.

Responses are

derived into Yes and

No responses.

9,630

Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 10

3. Cultural Attendance including cinema

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83%

17%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Yes No

% o

f A

du

lts

(16

+)

Cultural Attendance (inc cinema)

3.7 Million Adults

0.8 Million Adults

Cultural Attendance Including cinema –Scottish population

12Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

Over 80% of Scottish adults have attended cultural events or places in the past 12 months

31%

10%

Scottish Average27%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Yes No

Vo

lun

teer

par

tici

pat

ion

rat

e

Volunteer Participation and Cultural Attendance (inc cinema)

1.2 Million Adults

0.08 Million Adults

Participation rates are:

• 4% higher than the Scottish average for adults who have attended any cultural events or places in the past year.

• 17% lower than the Scottish average for adults who have not attended any cultural events or places in the past year.

Cultural Attendance Including cinema – SIMD Q

13Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

Cultural attendance including cinema is lower in SIMD Q1(17%), Q2(8%) and Q3(2%) than the Scottish average.

66%

7…81%

84%89%

34%

25%20%

16%11%

17%

83%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

% o

f A

du

lts

(16

+)

Cultural Attendance inc cinema - SIMD Q

Scottish average

22%25%

33%35%

37%

7%9% 8%

14% 14%

31%

10%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

Vo

lun

tee

r p

art

icip

ati

on

ra

te

Volunteer participation and Cultural Attendance inc cinema- SIMD Q

SIMD Q Scottish Average

Scottish average

The participation rates for SIMD Q1 and Q2 are below the Scottish average participation rate for cultural attendance including cinema, however their participation rates are above their quintile average (18% and 22% respectively).

Where adults do not participate in cultural activity their participation rate is below their quintile average for all SIMD Q.

4. Cultural Attendance excluding cinema

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75%

25%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Yes No

% o

f A

du

lts

(16

+)

Cultural Attendance (exc cinema)

3.4 Million Adults

1.1 Million Adults

Cultural Attendance Excluding cinema–Scottish Population

15Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

When cinema visits are excluded from cultural attendance, three quarters of Scottish adults have attended events or places in the past 12 months.

33%

11%

Scottish Average27%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Yes No

Vo

lun

teer

par

tici

pat

ion

rat

e

Volunteer Participation and Cultural Attendance (exc cinema)

1.1 Million Adults

0.1 Million Adults

Participation rates are:

• 6% higher than the Scottish average for for adults who have attended any cultural events or places excluding the cinema in the past year.

• 16% lower than the Scottish average for adults who have not attended any cultural events or places excluding the cinema in the past year.

Cultural Attendance Excluding cinema – SIMD Q

16Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

SIMD Q1, Q2 and Q3 have a lower % of adults attending cultural events excluding cinema visits than the Scottish average, 11% and 6% lower respectively.

The participation rates for SIMD Q1 and Q2 are below the Scottish average participation rate for cultural attendance excluding cinema, however their participation rates are above their quintile average (18% and 22% respectively).

Where adults do not participate in cultural activity excluding cinema their participation rate is below their quintile average for all SIMD Q.

25%27%

34%37%

39%

6%9%

12%14% 15%

33%

11%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

Vo

lun

tee

r p

arti

icp

atio

n r

ate

Volunteer participation and Cultural Attendance exc cinema- SIMD Q

SIMD Q Scottish

Average

Scottish average

64% 69%

77%80%

85%

36%

31%

23% 20%15%

75%

25%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

% o

f A

du

lts

(16+

)

Cultural Attendance exc cinema - SIMD Q

Scottish average

5. Cultural Activities including reading

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Cultural Activities Including reading –Scottish Population

18Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

79%

21%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Yes No

% o

f Adu

lts (1

6+)

Cultural Activities (inc reading)

3.5 Million Adults

1 Million Adults

31%

12%

Scottish Average27%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Yes No

Volu

ntee

r par

ticia

patio

n ra

te

Volunteer Participation and Cultural Activites (inc reading)

1.1 Million Adults

0.1 Million Adults

Participation rates are:

• 4% higher than the Scottish average for adults who have participated in cultural activities including reading In the past year.

• 15% lower than the Scottish average for adults who have not participated in cultural activities including reading In the past year.

Almost 80% of Scottish adults have participated cultural activities in the past 12 months.

Cultural Activities Including reading – SIMD Q

19Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

SIMD Q1 and Q2 have a lower % of adults participating in cultural activities than the Scottish average, 13% and 4% lower respectively.

The participation rates for SIMD Q1 and Q2 are below the Scottish average participation rate for cultural activities including reading however their participation rates are above their quintile average (18% and 22% respectively).

Where adults do not participate in cultural activities including reading their participation rate is below their quintile average for all SIMD Qs.

66% 75%

81%84%

89%

34%

25%

20% 16%11%

79%

21%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

% o

f A

du

lts

(16+

)

Cultural Activities inc reading - SIMD Q

Scottish average

24% 25%

32%

35%38%

7% 11%

16% 16% 16%

31%

12%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

Vo

lun

teer

par

tici

pat

ion

rat

e

Volunteer participation and Cultural Activities inc reading- SIMD Q

SIMD Q ScottishAverageScottish average

6. Cultural Activities excluding reading

20

53%

47%

44%

45%

46%

47%

48%

49%

50%

51%

52%

53%

54%

Yes No

% o

f Adu

lts

(16+

)

Cultural Activites (exc reading)

2.4 Million Adults

2.1 Million Adults

Cultural Activities Excluding reading– Scottish Population

21Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

When reading is excluded from cultural activities, over half (53%) of Scottish adults have participated in cultural activities in the past 12 months.

36%

17%

Scottish Average27%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Yes No

Volu

ntee

r par

ticip

atio

n ra

te

Volunteer Participation and Cultural Activities (exc reading)

0.9 Million Adults

0.4 Million Adults

Participation rates are:

• 9% higher than the Scottish average for adults who have participated in cultural activities excluding reading In the past year.

• 10% lower than the Scottish average for adults who have not participated in cultural activities excluding reading In the past year.

Cultural Activities Excluding reading– SIMD Q

SIMD Q1 and Q2 have a higher percentage of adults who do not participate in cultural activities excluding reading than the Scottish average, 11% and 6% higher respectively.

22Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016

The participation rates for SIMD Q1 and Q2 are below the Scottish average participation rate for cultural activities excluding reading however their participation rates are above their quintile average (18% and 22% respectively).

Where adults do not participate in cultural activities excluding reading their participation rate is below their quintile average for all SIMD Qs.

31% 30%

38%39%

41%

9%

14%

18%

23%

26%

36%

17%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

Vo

lun

teer

par

tici

pat

ion

rat

e

Volunteer participation and Cultural Activities exc reading- SIMD Q

SIMD Q ScottishAverageScottish average

42%48%

56% 57%62%

58%

53%

44% 43% 38%

53%

47%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Yes No

% o

f A

du

lts

(16

+)

Cultural Activities exc reading - SIMD Q

Scottish average

7. Summary Highlights

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Summary highlights – Scottish Level

Volunteer participation rates are higher than the Scottish average (27%) for adults who:

• Participate in cultural events or visit cultural places including the cinema (4% higher).

• Participate in cultural events or visit cultural places excluding the cinema (6% higher).

• Participate in cultural activities including reading (4% higher).

• Participate in cultural activities including reading (9% higher).

Overall this tells us that more Scottish adults volunteer when they participate in cultural events and activities. From this data we cannot confirm if volunteering causes increased cultural participation in volunteers, but we do see a strong relationship between cultural participation and volunteering.

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Summary highlights – SIMDQ Level

The relationship between cultural participation and volunteering at an SIMD Q level follows the overall Scottish trends with higher volunteer participation rates for adults in each SIMD Q who participate in cultural activities.

When considering SIMD Q1 and Q2 (the 40% most deprived areas in Scotland), these quintiles have:

• A lower percent of adults participating in cultural events or visiting cultural places including the cinema than the Scottishaverage.

• A lower percent of adults participating in cultural events or visiting cultural places excluding the cinema than the Scottishaverage.

• A lower percent of adults participating in cultural activities including reading than the Scottish average.

• A lower percent of adults participating in cultural activities excluding reading than the Scottish average.

For each of the cultural fields analysed SIMD Q1 and Q2 have participation rates below the Scottish average.

However for adults who participate in cultural events and activities, the participation rates are all higher than their SIMD Q average.

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