SaltsSaltsL.O.

•State that a salt is produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4

+

•Describe the reactions of an acid with carbonates, bases and alkalis to form a salt.

•Understand that a base readily accepts H+ ions from an acid

SaltsSalts

Definition:A salt is any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion.

Cation is a positively charge ionAnion is a negatively charged ion

ExamplesSulfuric acid sulfate saltsH2SO4 K2SO4

Hydrochloric acid chloride saltsHCl NaCl

Nitric acid nitrate saltsHNO3 Ca(NO3)2

Acid SaltsAcid Salts• Sulfuric acid has two replaceable H+ ions and is called

a diprotic acid

• If one H+ ion is replaced, an acid salt is formed e.g. H2SO4 NaHSO4

• The acid salt itself can behave like an aicd, because the other H+ ion can be replaced to form a conventional salt

e.g. NaHSO4 Na2SO4

Formation of saltsFormation of salts

• These are also know as neutralisation reactions

• The salts are produced by neutralising acids

Acid + CarbonateAcid + Carbonate

General Equation:acid + carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water

Example:2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

2H+(aq) + CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Acid + BaseAcid + Base

General Equation:acid + base salt + water

Example:2HCl(aq) + CaO(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

2H+(aq) + CaO (s) Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l)

Acid + AlkalisAcid + Alkalis

General Equation:acid + alkali salt + water

Example:HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

H+(aq) + OH- (s) H2O(l)

Ammonium salts + fertilisersAmmonium salts + fertilisers•Ammonium salts are used as artifical fertilisers

•They are formed when acids are neutralised by aqeous ammonia

NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)

Ammonium salts contain the ammonium ion, NH4+, in

place of the metal ions found in most common salts

Ammonium nitrate is present in solutions as two ions, NH4

+(aq) and NO3-(aq).

Finding the % of ammoniaFinding the % of ammonia