Safety & Sanitation

in our Food

Why Safety First?

• Over 5,000 deaths• 76 million illnesses• 325,000 hospitalizations

from foodborne illness each year!

Who is at risk?

a) Infants & Young Children

B) Pregnant Women

C) The Elderly

D) Chronically-ill People

Why are these people at risk?

Their immune systems may

not be able to fight off the

bacteria and viruses that

cause foodborne illnesses.

At Risk:

a) Infants & Young Children

Infants and children are more vulnerable

because their immature stomachs

produce less acid. Less acid makes it

easier for bacteria and viruses to multiply.

At Risk:

b) Pregnant Women

Pregnant women are at risk because a

fetus does not have a fully developed

immune system.

At Risk:

c) The Elderly

The elderly are more susceptible to foodborne illness because of:

• inadequate nutrition

• lack of protein in their diets

• poor blood circulation.

At Risk:

d) Chronically-ill People

People who are chronically-ill or who take

medication that affects their immune system

are also at greater risk of becoming sick

from a foodborne illness.

Chronically-ill people have long-term illnesses. This could include:cancerdiabetes AIDS patients people who take antibiotics

Foodborne Illness: A disease carried or transmitted to people by food that contains harmful substances.

Food-based Hazards

• Biological• Chemical• Physical

People-based Hazards

• Food handling• Time & Temp

abuse• Cross

contamination• Poor hygiene• Improper cleaning

& sanitizing

Biological hazards:come mainly from microorganisms such as:

Bacteria - single-celled organisms that thrive in room-temperature foods.Virus - the smallest and simplest life-form known.Fungi - group of microorganisms that includes

molds and yeasts.Parasite – a microorganism that needs a host to

survive.

Microorganisms that cause diseases are called

pathogens.

Not all microorganisms are bad.

Can you think of a good bacteria?

A good type of mold?

Where would bread be without yeast?

Some bacteria are not infectious by themselves, BUT as the bacteria multiply they

discharge toxins. These toxins are naturally-occurring

poisons. One example is Botulism, which is caused by the toxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

Chemical hazards:

Chemical hazards include substances such as:

*cleaning solutions *sanitizers *insect sprays

Physical hazards:• Physical hazards are

foreign particles found in food such as:

*glass *metal *band-aids *chewing gum *bobby pins *paper clips *hair

How can I handle food safely? Bacteria like Staphylococci are found on the hair,

skin, mouth, nose and throat of healthy people. According to one estimate, nearly 50% of healthy

food handlers carry disease agents that can be transmitted by food.

A cough or sneeze can transmit thousands of

microorganisms that may cause disease.

Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.

Wash your hands after coughing, sneezing, fixing your hair, blowing your nose, or using the rest room.

Wear a hair net or pull long hair back.Cover cuts on your hands and arms with

a bandage.Wear plastic gloves and clean aprons or

clothes while preparing food.

CLEAN - SEPARATE COOK - CHILL

http://www.foodsafety.gov/

Cross ContaminationDefinition: The transferring of bacteria

from person or object to another.

Lather Up• Always wash hands, cutting boards,

dishes, and utensils with hot, soapy water after they come in contact with raw meat, poultry, and seafood.

Safely Separate• Separate raw meat, poultry, and

seafood from other foods in your grocery shopping cart and in your refrigerator.

Seal It • To prevent juices from raw meat,

poultry, or seafood from dripping onto other foods in the refrigerator, place these raw foods in sealed containers or plastic bags.

Marinating Mandate• Sauce that is used to marinate raw

meat, poultry, or seafood should not be used on cooked foods, unless it is boiled before applying.

Take TwoIf possible, use one cutting board for fresh produce and use a separate one for raw meat, poultry, and seafood.

Clean PlateNever place cooked food back on the same plate or cutting board that previously held raw food.

http://www.foodsafety.gov/~fsg/f00separ.html

Cross Contamination

Raw or contaminated foods that touch or drip fluids on cooked and ready-to-eat foods.

Danger Zone

Temperature… … 400 to 1400 F. … promotes the growth of bacteria. … where bacteria multiply rapidly.

Cook foods to a safe temperature!

• The U.S. Public Health Service classifies moist, high-protein, and/or low acid foods as potentially hazardous. High protein foods consist, in whole or in part, of milk or milk products, shell eggs, meats, poultry, fish, shellfish, edible crustacea (shrimp, lobster, crab).

Potentially Hazardous Foods

PHF: Support rapid growth of microorganisms.

• Every 20 minutes bacteria double.• Foods have naturally occurring bacteria living

on them that are there to break down the food.• How can you remember this? By the acronym

FAT TOM.

FAT TOMF: Food

– Animal origin foods that are raw or heat treated– Plant origin foods that are heat treated

A: Acidity – 4.6-7.5 ideal for bacteria growth– High acidity neutralizes the bacteria– Acid will eat the protein

T: Temperature– 40˚F or colder– 140˚F or hotter

T: Time– Food can be in the danger zone for a maximum of 2 hours

before becoming hazardousO: Oxygen

– Allows bacteria to grow– Wrap food products tightly to eliminate exposure to oxygen

M: Moisture– Bacteria need moisture to grow

When in Doubt, Throw it Out!

• Throw away fresh fruits and vegetables that have not been refrigerated within two hours of cutting, peeling, or cooking.

• Remove and throw away bruised or damaged portions of fruits and vegetables when preparing to cook them or before eating them raw.

• Throw away any fruit or vegetable that will not be cooked if it has touched raw meat, poultry or seafood.

The difference between Clean & Sanitize

CLEAN• No visible dirt or gunk.

• Wash surface with soap & water.

SANITIZE• Removal of all harmful microorganisms.

• Use 180˚F water.• Use sanitizer liquid such as bleach.

Dish WashingUse a Dish Cloth - not a Sponge!

• Sponges contain approximately 7.2 billion Germs!

• That is the equivalent to smearing an 8 oz. raw piece of chicken on your surface!

• We use dish cloths because we wash them after every use.

Quiz: What is the correct way to disinfect a sponge?

A. Wash it in the sinkB. Throw it in the dishwasherC. Throw it in the microwaveD. Let it dry out

• Put wet sponge into the microwave, and set it for at least one minute. According a study by the USDA, microwaving for one minute significantly lowers bacteria counts and populations of mold and yeast more than other methods.[3] Researchers have also discovered that after microwaving for two minutes, more than 99% of all the living bacteria will be dead.[4]

• Allow sponge to cool.

Dishwasher Method

• Place it into the utensil compartment of the

next wash and dry cycle. Allow it to remain for the entire wash and dry cycle.

• Remove it after the washer stops. The sponge will now have 99.9998% less bacteria on it. [5]

How to Wash Dishes

1. SET up sinks and drying rack as seen below

HOT H20!Hot Soapy H20

Sink 1 Sink 2 Drying Rack

WASH RINSE DRY

*Note: The hotter the water the faster the dishes will dry because hot water evaporates quicker

Foodborne Microorganisms1. Salmonella: found on poultry & eggs2. Listerosis: found on deli/ ready to eat meats3. Botulism: found in improperly canned canned goods,

baked potatoes, honey. 4. Hepatitis A: Found in human feces & can contaminate

any food a human touches5. Staphylococcus : Found on humans in high

concentrations under fingernails and in nostrils6. Trichinosis: Parasite found primarily in pork caused by

animals eating other animals7. Yeast: Fungus known to appear pink and/or bubble

especially in bad sour cream & jelly8. Ecoli: Primarily in beef9. Shigellosis: Potato salad, tuna, shrimp, macaroni

How to Wash Dishes

2. Scrape Dishes to clear food3. Lightly rinse dishes and stack by category4. Wash dishes by category 5. Rinse dishes6. Put in drying rack7. Allow dishes to air dry8. Put away dishes9. Let water go down & empty food particles from sink 10. Clean sink and put washing & drying towels in washer