safety contracts
DESCRIPTION
Safety Contracts. Goggles, no contacts on Dissection Night NO FOOD OR DRINK, EVER NO OPEN-TOED SHOES, EVER. Exercise 1. The Language of Anatomy. BIO210 Objectives = Study Guide. Textbook’s Website. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Goggles, no contacts on Dissection Night NO FOOD OR DRINK, EVER NO OPEN-TOED SHOES, EVER
The Language of AnatomyThe Language of Anatomy
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073378194/student_view0/chapter1/labeling_exercises.html#
Universally accepted Universally accepted standard positionstandard position
Body terminology Body terminology refers to itrefers to it
““body is erect, feet body is erect, feet slightly apart, head slightly apart, head and toes forward, and toes forward, arms hanging at the arms hanging at the sides, palms FACING sides, palms FACING FORWARD”FORWARD”
SupineSupine◦Anatomical position…palms to frontAnatomical position…palms to front
ProneProne◦Palms to rearPalms to rear
Fig. 9-4Fig. 9-4
Medial Medial Toward the midline of the body Toward the midline of the body
LateralLateral To the side To the side
Superficial Superficial ◦Toward the surface (example: Toward the surface (example: skin)skin)
DeepDeep◦Toward the inside (example: Toward the inside (example: organs)organs)
Superior (cephalad)
Posterior(dorsal)
Anterior(ventral)
Proximal
Distal
Inferior (caudal)
Superior (dorsal)
Posterior(caudal)
Anterior(cephalad)
Inferior (ventral)
Cephalic…………..headCephalic…………..head Cervical…………...neckCervical…………...neck Vertebral………….spinal Vertebral………….spinal
columncolumn Caudal…………….toward Caudal…………….toward
tail/posteriortail/posterior
AppendicularAppendicular◦ limbs & their attachments to the body limbs & their attachments to the body
axisaxis
AxialAxial◦body axis (head, neck, trunk)body axis (head, neck, trunk)
Cephalic
Dorsum
Cervical
OccipitalOtic
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal
Upper limbAcromial
PalmarPollex
CarpalAntebrachialOlecranalAntecubitalBrachial
Manus (hand)
Digital
FemoralCoxal
Lower limb
Patellar
CruralPopliteal
Pedal (foot)
Sural
PlantarHallux
Fibular or peroneal
CalcanealTarsal
Digital
OrbitalFrontal
Nasal
Pubic
Mammary
Inguinal
Sternal
Buccal
Axillary
Pelvic
UmbilicalAbdominal
Thoracic
Cervical
Cephalic
MentalOral
Anterior/Ventral
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
Posterior/Dorsal
Facial (on face)Facial (on face)◦Nasal………………noseNasal………………nose◦Buccal…………….cheekBuccal…………….cheek◦Oral………………..mouthOral………………..mouth◦Orbital…………….bony eye Orbital…………….bony eye socketsocket
Cranial (surrounding brain)Cranial (surrounding brain)◦Frontal……………forehead Frontal……………forehead (anterior)(anterior)◦Occipital…………back of head Occipital…………back of head (posterior)(posterior)◦Parietal…………..upper sideParietal…………..upper side◦Temporal………..lower sideTemporal………..lower side
Cephalic
Dorsum
Cervical
OccipitalOtic
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal
Upper limbAcromial
PalmarPollex
CarpalAntebrachialOlecranalAntecubitalBrachial
Manus (hand)
Digital
FemoralCoxal
Lower limb
Patellar
CruralPopliteal
Pedal (foot)
Sural
PlantarHallux
Fibular or peroneal
CalcanealTarsal
Digital
OrbitalFrontal
Nasal
Pubic
Mammary
Inguinal
Sternal
Buccal
Axillary
Pelvic
UmbilicalAbdominal
Thoracic
Cervical
Cephalic
MentalOral
Anterior/Ventral
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
Posterior/Dorsal
Thoracic (chest)Thoracic (chest)◦Sternal………sternumSternal………sternum◦Costal……………..ribsCostal……………..ribs
Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis)(abdomen + pelvis)
◦Abdominal…anterior Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribstrunk, inferior to ribs◦Inguinal…….groinInguinal…….groin◦Umbilical…..navelUmbilical…..navel◦Pelvic………pelvisPelvic………pelvis◦Gluteal……..buttocksGluteal……..buttocks◦Coxal……….hipCoxal……….hip◦Pubic……….genitalPubic……….genital
Cephalic
Dorsum
Cervical
OccipitalOtic
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal
Upper limbAcromial
PalmarPollex
CarpalAntebrachialOlecranalAntecubitalBrachial
Manus (hand)
Digital
FemoralCoxal
Lower limb
Patellar
CruralPopliteal
Pedal (foot)
Sural
PlantarHallux
Fibular or peroneal
CalcanealTarsal
Digital
OrbitalFrontal
Nasal
Pubic
Mammary
Inguinal
Sternal
Buccal
Axillary
Pelvic
UmbilicalAbdominal
Thoracic
Cervical
Cephalic
MentalOral
Anterior/Ventral
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
Posterior/Dorsal
Inferior SpineInferior Spine◦Lumbar……..bacLumbar……..back, between ribs k, between ribs and hipsand hips
◦Sacral……….backSacral……….back, between the , between the hipships
Cephalic
Dorsum
Cervical
OccipitalOtic
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal
Upper limbAcromial
PalmarPollex
CarpalAntebrachialOlecranalAntecubitalBrachial
Manus (hand)
Digital
FemoralCoxal
Lower limb
Patellar
CruralPopliteal
Pedal (foot)
Sural
PlantarHallux
Fibular or peroneal
CalcanealTarsal
Digital
OrbitalFrontal
Nasal
Pubic
Mammary
Inguinal
Sternal
Buccal
Axillary
Pelvic
UmbilicalAbdominal
Thoracic
Cervical
Cephalic
MentalOral
Anterior/Ventral
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
Posterior/Dorsal
PECTORALPECTORALAxillary……………armpitAxillary……………armpitAcromial………….point of shoulderAcromial………….point of shoulderScapular………….shoulder bladeScapular………….shoulder bladeDeltoidDeltoid……………upper shoulder/arm……………upper shoulder/arm
Cephalic
Dorsum
Cervical
OccipitalOtic
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal
Upper limbAcromial
PalmarPollex
CarpalAntebrachialOlecranalAntecubitalBrachial
Manus (hand)
Digital
FemoralCoxal
Lower limb
Patellar
CruralPopliteal
Pedal (foot)
Sural
PlantarHallux
Fibular or peroneal
CalcanealTarsal
Digital
OrbitalFrontal
Nasal
Pubic
Mammary
Inguinal
Sternal
Buccal
Axillary
Pelvic
UmbilicalAbdominal
Thoracic
Cervical
Cephalic
MentalOral
Anterior/Ventral
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
Posterior/Dorsal
SUPERIOR APPENDAGESSUPERIOR APPENDAGESBrachial…………upper armBrachial…………upper armAntebrachial……forearmAntebrachial……forearmOlecranalOlecranal………..elbow………..elbowCarpal……………wristCarpal……………wristManual…………...handManual…………...handPalmar……………palm of handPalmar……………palm of handDigital…………….digits=fingersDigital…………….digits=fingers
Cephalic
Dorsum
Cervical
OccipitalOtic
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal
Upper limbAcromial
PalmarPollex
CarpalAntebrachialOlecranalAntecubitalBrachial
Manus (hand)
Digital
FemoralCoxal
Lower limb
Patellar
CruralPopliteal
Pedal (foot)
Sural
PlantarHallux
Fibular or peroneal
CalcanealTarsal
Digital
OrbitalFrontal
Nasal
Pubic
Mammary
Inguinal
Sternal
Buccal
Axillary
Pelvic
UmbilicalAbdominal
Thoracic
Cervical
Cephalic
MentalOral
Anterior/Ventral
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
Posterior/Dorsal
INFERIOR APPENDAGESINFERIOR APPENDAGESFemoral………..thighFemoral………..thighPatellar………...anterior Patellar………...anterior kneekneeTibialTibial…………...medial calf…………...medial calfFibular…………lateral calfFibular…………lateral calfTarsal………….ankleTarsal………….ankleCalcaneal……..heel of footCalcaneal……..heel of footPedal…………..footPedal…………..footPlantar………...sole of footPlantar………...sole of footDigital………….digits=toesDigital………….digits=toes
Frontal plane
Frontal section (through torso)
Left andright lungs
Spinal cordLiver LiverHeart
ArmStomach
AortaSpleen
Pancreas
Body wallSubcutaneous fat layer
Vertebralcolumn
IntestinesRectum
Median (midsagittal) sectionTransverse section (through torso, inferior view)
Median (midsagittal) plane
Transverse plane
Longitudinal Longitudinal sections sections ◦ Sagittal planesSagittal planes
Divides into right & Divides into right & leftleft
◦ Midsaggital planeMidsaggital plane Equal right & left Equal right & left
halveshalves◦ Frontal or coronal Frontal or coronal
planesplanes Divides into anterior Divides into anterior
& posterior& posterior
Planes of SectioningPlanes of Sectioning
Frontal plane
Frontal section (through torso)
Left andright lungs
Spinal cordLiver LiverHeart
ArmStomach
AortaSpleen
Pancreas
Body wallSubcutaneous fat layer
Vertebralcolumn
IntestinesRectum
Median (midsagittal) sectionTransverse section (through torso, inferior view)
Median (midsagittal) plane
Transverse plane
Cross sections Cross sections ◦Horizontal or Horizontal or
transverse planestransverse planes Divides into Divides into
superior & inferiorsuperior & inferior◦Oblique planesOblique planes
Divide at an angleDivide at an angle
Helps relate Helps relate models and models and figures to the figures to the body as a wholebody as a whole
Planes of SectioningPlanes of Sectioning
Frontal sections
Cross section
Midsagittalsection
Cranial cavity(contains brain)
Vertebral cavity(contains spinalcord)
Dorsalbodycavity
Thoracic cavity(contains heart andlungs)
Cranialcavity
Vertebralcavity
Superiormediastinum
Pleuralcavity
Pericardialcavity withinthe mediastinum
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera)
Pelvic cavity(contains urinarybladder, reproductiveorgans, and rectum)
Abdomino- pelviccavity
Ventral body cavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity
Lateral view Anterior view
Body cavities & organsBody cavities & organs
ThoracicThoracic◦ heart, trachea, lungs, esophagusheart, trachea, lungs, esophagus
AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic◦ stomach, intestines, liver, stomach, intestines, liver,
pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate glandbladder, ovaries, prostate gland
CranialCranial◦ brain, pituitary glandbrain, pituitary gland
Spinal/VertebralSpinal/Vertebral◦ spinal cordspinal cord
Produce serous fluidProduce serous fluid Lubricate organsLubricate organs Movement without frictionMovement without friction Compartmentalize organs to help Compartmentalize organs to help
infections from spreadinginfections from spreading
Parietalperitoneum
Visceralperitoneum
Parietalpericardium
Visceralpericardium
Parietalpleura
Visceralpleura
Double-layered Double-layered membranesmembranes◦ Parietal layerParietal layer
Lines body cavity wallsLines body cavity walls◦ Visceral layerVisceral layer
Covers external surface Covers external surface of the organ within that of the organ within that cavitycavity
Serous membranesSerous membranes
PericardiumPericardium◦Surrounds the heartSurrounds the heart
Pleura(e)Pleura(e)◦Surrounds the lungsSurrounds the lungs
PeritoneumPeritoneum◦Surrounds abdominopelvic Surrounds abdominopelvic organsorgans
Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.
Timed, Open-notes quiz tonight over this◦ Last 10 minutes of lab (1 min per question)◦ Questions about content or labelling diagrams, on
ppt Usually, we’ll have the lab at the very
beginning of lab◦ Arrive on time, or you’ll miss it!◦ Quiz will cover the previous night’s material
Labelling Diagrams or Photos of Models Learn it during lab, go home and study it
Righthypochondriac
region
Lefthypochondriac
region
Rightlumbarregion
Leftlumbarregion
Right iliac(inguinal)
region
Left iliac(inguinal)
region
Hypogastric(pubic)region
Epigastricregion
Umbilicalregion
Diaphragm
Spleen
Stomach
Transverse colonof large intestine
Urinary bladder
Descending colonof large intestine
Initial part ofsigmoid colon
Ascending colon oflarge intestine
Appendix
Cecum
Small intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Orbitalcavity(orbit)
Tongue
Nasalcavity
Oral cavity(mouth)
Middle earcavity
Synovialcavityin a jointbetween neckvertebrae
Fibrouslayeraroundjoint
Body cavities
1 Dorsal body cavity cavity
2 Ventral body cavity
(superior)
(inferior)
(superior)
(inferior)
cavity
cavity
cavity6
5
4
3
(superior)
(inferior)
cavity
cavity8
7