WEL-COMETO

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

AT HOME

AND

AT THE JOB

STATUTARY REQUIREMENT

Indian Electricity Act Indian Electricity Rules

ELECTRICAL SAFETY MAKE ELECTRICITY WORK FOR

YOU NOT AGAINST YOU REMEMBER EVEN HOUSE CURRENT

CAN KILL YOU TREAT ALL ELECTRICITY WITH

RESPECT ELECTRICITY IS GOOD SERVANT

BUT BAD MASTER

HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY

Direct contact with current (electric shock, internal burns)

Without current flow through body (flash over burns, radiation burns)

Fire and Explosion (electrical ignition, static electricity)

Intense electromagnetic fields.

EFFECTS - HUMAN RESISTANCE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT

Body Area/Condition Resistance in Ohms.

Dry Skin 1,00,000 to 6,00,000

Wet Skin 1000

Internal Body (Hand & Foot) 400 to 600

Ear to Ear About 100

EFFECTS - ON MAN’S BODY Type of Current

AC 50Hz DC AC 10,000Hz Effect

0-1 mA 0-5 mA 0-9mA No sensation

1-8 mA 6-55 mA 10-55 mA Mild shock

9-15 mA 60-80 mA 60-80 mA Painful shock

16-20 mA 80-100 mA 80-100 mA Some loss of muscle control

20-45 mA 100-350 mA - Severe shock & loss of muscle control

50-100 mA 400-800 mA - Possible heart attack

Over 100 mA Over 800 mA - Usually Fatal

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL JOBS

PERMIT TO WORK ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Electric switch gears, Electric switch yards, Cable - cellars, racks, trenches, Transformers and circuit breakers, UPS systems, Battery/ battery charger systems, Motors/motor terminal boxes, Actuators of motorized valves, Junction boxes, MCC panels, Control stations, HVAC systems, Cathodic protection system, Electrical heat tracing, Electrical earthing, Overhead lines.

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL JOBS

PERMIT FOR ELECTRICAL ISOLATION/ RESTORATION

For carrying out maintenance, inspection, repair activities on machines/equipment.

Issuer to ensure the proper isolation. Attach isolation stub with the work permit.

Do not operate tags on field switch. To ensure isolation by pressing the push button prior

to start work. Restore connections after receiving stub back only.

HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION

•Zone “0” - Continuous presence of flammable atmosphere.•Zone “1” - Periodically or occasionally presence of flammable atmosphere in normal operations.•Zone “2” - Flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation.

IS : 5572 (Part I) - 1978

All electrical installations should be in accordance to area classification.

TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

•By Competent electrical person only.•If driving equipment - Check status of machine test/inspection•Avoid on walkways - use overhead means•Use authentic distribution points as far as possible or use standard extension boards.•Protect cable and boards form rain, water, floor washing, overriding by vehicles etc.•Adequate rating of cable.•Avoid joints.•Disconnect promptly when not in use.•Specified designed fittings and equipment in hazardous areas.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Reasons for Accident 1. Earthling not proper 2. Safety lock out procedure not followed 3. Non conventional tagging. 4. Improper tools/ Instruments 5. Short cut, Taking a chance- risk 6. Checking not done for isolation 7. Lack of knowledge or poor knowledge 8. Not using safety appliances ( P.P.E.)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY9. Lack of concentration

10. Lack of preventive maintenance 11. Absence of earthling 12. Testing of portable equipment not done

before use 13. Temporary repairs 14. Absence of protection 15. Hurry makes worry

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

16. Over confidence

17. Miscommunication

18. Poor quality of tools

19. Insufficient work place

20. Untrained people

21. Monkey tricks

ELECTRICAL SAFETY1) Electrical fatal accident are 10-15 % of

total fatal accident i.e. percentage is very high.2) Main electrical Hazards a) Electrical shock b) Electrical Burn c) Fire & Explosion d) Hazards due to electric welding &

cutting

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Main protection are

1) Proper fuses

2) Switch gears

3) Circuit Breakers

4) Earthlings

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Severity of shock & injury depends on 1) Magnitude of current flowing through

the body 2) Whether current A.C. or D.C. 3) Whether current passes through nervous

centers or vital organ 4) If current A.C. whether frequency low

or high

ELECTRICAL SAFETY 5) Duration of current 6) Condition of body Dry skin offers 100000 to 600000 ohms

resistance to current, when as wet skin offers only 1000 ohms resistance.

( Average body resistance of children & women is only 60 to 66% of that

of men)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Thus, when body is wet there is very great danger of electrical accident and even fatality. When skin is dry and a man is working with portable tool ( 220 V system) maximum current which can pass through is.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

I = V / R

= 220/ 100000 * 1000 M A

= 2.2 M A

But when skin is wet

I = V / R

= 220/ 1000 * 1000 M A = 220 M A

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Shock may happen due to

1) Contact with bare live conductors

2) Removal of insulation of conductors

3) Short circuit due to sudden failure & short circuit current not going to earth

4) static charge on equipment discharges through human body.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY General safety measure to avoid electric shock1) Proper earthling required, record of ground

resistance required. Due to minimum earthing resistance, leakage current passes through it & not through a person.

2) Use approved insulated tools3) Use shock proof gloves, boots, tester etc.4) During electric work, metal ring or chain should

not be used

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

5) Avoid temporary wiring

6) Employ trained electrician

7) Use good insulated tested wiring

8) Isolation of machine or equipments

before electric work

9) Follow work permit system

ELECTRICAL SAFETY 10) Overloading should not be done 11) Oil type transformer to be placed out

door 12) Use automatic voltage regulators, circuit

breaker rated fuse & over voltage relays for protection from over voltage

13) Inspection by electrical inspectors also required

14) Material should be as per IS

ELECTRICAL SAFETY 15) Closure of live parts 16) Safe laying of cables 17) Lighting arrester 18) Put caution board 19) No work should be started near

electrical equipment 20) No aerial line to be installed without

approval

ELECTRICAL SAFETY 21) Defective supply line to be rectified

22) Guards on transmission lines to be provided to prevent faults due to birds.

23) Use of grounding mat of low ohmic value

24) Temperature sensitive alarms & protective relays to make alert and disconnect equipments before

overheating

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

25) Interlocks to be provided to put in to and out of service equip correctly. Do not meddle with interlocks

26) Keep ready CO2 type and other fire extinguishers

27) Double communication system required with critical area

28) Flame & smoke detection & central fire annunciation . All these systems to be checked periodically & records to be maintained

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

29) Good house keeping required including well maintenance

31) Adequate working space and means of access around each apparatus

32) Keep first aid boxes and respiratory equipment ready

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

33) Prevent higher humidity & temp near electrical insulation

34) Work with full protection in raining

35) Use of flame proof / explosion proof equips required in flammable /

explosive areas

ELECTRICAL SAFETY36) At home also ensure that all equip like

electric iron, heater, cooking range, grinder, refrigeration & water pump etc are properly earthed. Use always 3

core IS wire for such appliances. 3 plug pin should be used

37) Ensure that switches & the plugs are fixed at a reasonable height so that the children do not meddle with them

ELECTRICAL SAFETY38) Replace cracked or defective plug &

switches immediately. Do not use them by wrapping cloth or making any other make shift arrangement

39) Avoid using metallic lamp holder as far as possible

40) Replace the lamp only after switching off the supply of the lamp holder

ELECTRICAL SAFETY41) Avoid connecting additional appliances

to the existing house installations without consulting electrician

42) Always handles switch and plug points with dry hands

43) Switch off the plug points if the socket becomes hot. Hot plug points are

indications of loose or bad contact or excessive current going through the plug.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

44) In the case of house fires, switch off the current from the main switch.

45) Look for the appliances like tea kettles, water boilers, icons & ovens etc having automatic cut off system or thermostatic control

ELECTRICAL SAFETY46) If any body comes in accidental contact

with live wire & he remains in contact with it, run & switch off the current immediately, if this can not be done.

Use dry rope or long wooden stick to separate him from contact. If there is no sign of breathing, start rendering artificial respiration till the victim regains consciousness.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

46) Remember that electricity remains as man’s most efficient & versatile

servant so long you honor all the safety principles & follow them

otherwise it will strike so, respect electricity with due safety & take full service from if for your comfortable living.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

47) Never use water pipes for earthling the portable electrical appliances

48) Never take risk by using cracked or defective plugs & switches as

they are extremely dangerous

49) Never put clothes on the aerial of your antenna or telephone wires

ELECTRICAL SAFETY50) Never undertake any repairs of any

electrical wiring yourself, call electrician for such repairs

51) Never use heavy current consuming appliances on lighting plug points

52) Do not pull the connecting flexible wire of plug to remove it from socked take

hold of plug itself for withdrawing it from its socket

ELECTRICAL SAFETY53) Do not allow flexible wires connecting

table fans, table lamps, etc to the plug54) Do not pour or fill in kettle or pan when

it remains on heater. Keep heater’s switch off to prevent shock

55) Portable tool operation should be checked near the isolating point, before using at the required location

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

56) Cable ( cord) should be sufficiently long to reach work place without tension

57) Plug rating should match the tool rating

58) Any switch should be operated fast

( on / off ) to prevent spark. Spark may damage the eye

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

59) While shifting portable m/c, its wire should not be bend to protect wire insulation

60) Relieve capacitors of charges before working on them

61) An unsafe man is a liability. He is a danger to himself, his fellow workers, the

equipment, the public and the organization as a whole

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

62) All motors unless they are of flame- proof type should be outside the building, room or compartment and the ventilation duct.

63) All fuses should be outside the building or compartment

64) Always treat circuit as live until you have proved them to be dead, the insulation of

the conductor may be defective

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

65) Before working on a motor on or other rotating machine make sure that it can

not be set in a motion without your permission

66) Cultivate the habit of turning your face away whenever an arc or flash may occur

67) Do not renew a blown fuse until you are satisfied to the cause and have rectified

any irregularity

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

68) Do not connect single pole switch or fuse in a neutral circuit but always connect in the live or phase wire

69) Do not temper with the meter boards and cut outs unless you are authorized to do so

70) Do not place any part of your body in circuit either to ground or across the terminal when making a connection or operating

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

71) Always report immediately to the person in charge any dangerous condition or

dangerous practice which you may observe

72) Do not allow visitors and unauthorized persons to touch or handle electrical apparatus or come within the danger zone

of high voltage apparatus

THANKS