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Jumeras, Mark Allan Jay C. - BSITVillavicencio, Camelah - BSITBuenaflor, Kim - BSITCHAPTER21TheHomecomingThe Liga Filipinaand2ndJune 1892 Rizal second homecoming, his first was on August 1887.

Rizal believed that the fight for Filipino liberties assumed a new phase; it must be fought in the Philippines. Rizal told countrymen in Europe, The battlefield is in the Philippines, there is where we should meet, there we will help one another, there together we will suffer or triumph perhaps.December 31, 1891 he sent a letter to Blumentritt, I believe that La Solidaridad is no longer our battlefield; now it is a new struggle... the fight is no longer in Madrid.

Ferdinand BlumentrittJose RizalArival in Manila with SisterJune 26, 1892 Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia arrived in Manila.

I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at 12:00 noon. I was met by many carabineers headed by a major. There were in addition one captain and one sergeant of the Veteran Civil Guard. I came down with my luggage and they inspected me at the customhouse. From there I went to Hotel de Oriente where I occupied room NO. 22, facing the church of Binondo.

Veteran Civil Guard

Hotel de Oriente

Binondo Church4:00 pm, June 26, 1892 Rizal went to Malacaan Palace to talk to Spanish Governor General Eulogio Despujol, Conde De Caspe. He was told to come back at night at 7:00.

Malacaan Palace 1870Eulogio Despujol7:00 pm, June 26, 1892 Rizal returned to Malacaan Palace and was able to confer with Governor General Espujol, who agreed to pardon his father but not the rest of his family and told him to return on Wednesday (June 29).

After his brief interview with the governor general, he visited his sisters in the city.First Narcisa (Sisa) and later Saturnina (Neneng).

NarcisaSaturninaVisiting Friends in Central Luzon6:00 pm, June 27 Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station and visited his friends in Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac and Bacolor. He was welcomed and entertained. These friends were good patriots, who were his supporters in the reform crusade and he took the opportunity to greet them personally and discussed the problems affecting their people.

5:00 pm, June 28 Rizal returned to Manila, whether he knew it or not, he was shadowed by government spies who watched carefully his every movement. The homes he had visited were raided by the Guardia Civil which seized some copies of the Noli and Fili and some subversive pamphlets.Other Interviews with DespujolAfter Rizals visit to his friends, he had other interviews with Governor General Despujol. These interviews were recorded in his diary.

On Wedsnesday (June 29 ) at 7:30, I saw his Excellency. I did not succeed to have the penalty of exile lifted, but he gave me hope with regard to my sisters. As it was the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul our interview ended at 9:15. I was to come again the following day at 7:30.The following day, Thursday (June 30), we talked about the question of Borneo. The general was opposed to it, very much opposed. He told me to come back Sunday.On Sunday (July 3) I returned. We talked about sundry things and I thank him for having lifted the exile of my sisters. I told him that my father and brother would arrive on the first boat. He asked me if I would like to go abroad to Hong Kong. I told him yes. He told me to return on Wedsnesday.

Founding of the Liga FilipinaEvening of Sunday, July 3, 1892 Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at the home of the Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco, on Ylaya Street, Tondo, Manila. Among those present were

Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira) Mason and school teacherDomingo Franco (Felipe Leal) Mason and tobacco shopkeeperJose A. Ramos (Socorro) engraver, printer, owner of Bazar Grand Bretaa, first Worshipful Master of Nilad, and first Filipino Masonic lodgeAmbrosio Salvador gobernadorcillo of Quiapo and MasonBonifacio Arevalo (Harem) dentist and MasonDeodato Arellano brother-in-law of M.H. del Pilar and civilian employee in the armyAmbrosio Flores (Musa) retired lieutenant of infantryAgustin de la Rosa bookkeeper and MasonMoises Salvador (Araw) contractor and MasonLuis Villareal tailor and MasonFaustino Villaruel (Ilaw) pharmacist and MasonMariano Crisostomo landlordNumeriano Adriano (Ipil) notary public and MasonEstanislao Legaspi artisan and MasonTeodoro Plata court clerk and MasonAndres Bonifacio warehouse employeeApolinario Mabini (Katabay) lawyer and MasonJuan Zulueta playwright, poet, and government employee

Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish and its role in the socio-economic life of the people. He presented the Constitution of the Liga which he had written in Hong Kong and discussed its provisions. The patriots were favorably impressed and gladly approved the establishment of the Liga.

The officers of the new league were elected, as follows: Ambrosio Salvador, president; Deodato Areliano, secretary; Bonifacio Arevalo, treasurer; and Agustin de la Rosa, fiscal.

Constitution of the Liga FilipinaThe aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied in its Constitution, were the following:1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity.3. Defense against all violence and injustice.4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.5. Study and application of reforms.

The motto of the Liga Filipina was: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All).

The governing body of the league was the Supreme Council which had jurisdiction over the whole country. It was composed of a president, secretary, a treasurer, and a fiscal. There was a Provincial Council in every province and a Popular Council in every town.

All Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their fatherland are qualified for membership. Every member pays an entrance fee of two pesos and a monthly fee of 10 centavos.

The duties of the Liga members are as follows: 1. obey the orders of the Supreme Council2. to help in recruiting new members3. to keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities4. to have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of his council5. to report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the Liga6. to behave well as befits a good Filipino7. to help fellow members in all waysRizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort SantiagoWednesday, July 6 Rizal went to Malacaan Palace to resume his series of interviews with the governor general. During this interview Governor General Despujol suddenly show him some printed leaflets which were entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto and printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila. They were a satire against the rich Dominican friars who amassed fabulous riches contrary to their monastic vow of poverty.

Rizal vigorously denied having those leaflets in either his or Lucias baggage, which had been thoroughly searched upon their arrival from Hong Kong by the custom authorities who found nothing. Despite his denial and insistent demand for investigation in accordance with the due process of law, he was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aid of Governor General Despujol. In Fort Santiago, he was kept incommunicado, as he related in his diary.

Fort SantiagoThey assigned me a fairly furnished room with a bed, a dozen chairs, one table, a wash basin, and a mirror. The room had three windows; one without grill which opens on a patio, another with grills which look out on the city walls and the beach and another which was the door closed with a padlock. Two artillery men as sentinels guarded it. They had orders to fire on anyone who might singal from the beach. I could not write nor speak with any one except officer on duty.

Arbitrary Deportation to DapitanThe same issue of the Gaceta (July 7, 1892) contained Governor General Despujols decree deporting Rizal to one of the islands in the South. The gubernatorial decree gave the reasons for Rizals deportation, as follows:1. Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain and which were frankly anti-Catholic and imprudent anti-friar.2. A few hours after his arrival in Manila there was found in one of the packages a bundle of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes in which the patient and humble generosity of Filipinos is satirized, and which accusation is published against the customs of the religious orders.3. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three traitors (Bugos, Gomez, and Zamora), and on the title page he wrote that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish administration, the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother country.4. The end which pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our holy Catholic faith.

Shortly after midnight of July 14(that is 12:30am of July 15, 1892), Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. This steamer under Captain Delgras departed at 1:00am, July 15, sailing south, passing Mindoro and Panay, and reaching Dapitan on Sunday, the 17th of July, at 7:00 in the evening.

Captain Delgras went to ashore and handed Rizal over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Spanish commandant of Dapitan. That same night, July 17, 1892. Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan which would last until July 31, 1896, a period of four years.

Ricardo CarniceroTHANK YOU!