ROMAN HIS

TORY

TIMELIN

E

ROMAN PRE-HISTORY/MYTHOLOGICAL

1200: Legendary Fall of Troy – Aeneas escapes Troy and lands in Italy.

BCE He wars with Latin tribes.

ROMAN MONARCHY

753: Legendary Founding of Rome by Romulus

753: Roman Senate of 100 men (“Patres”) Founded

Seven Kings of Rome (4 Romans, 3 Etruscans)

7 Kings (First Four Are Roman):

1. Romulus (753) – Founded the Senate.

2. Numa Pompilius (715) – Built first temples in Rome.

3. Tullus Hostilius (672) – Built Senate House (“Curia”).

4. Ancus Martius (640) – Built Ostia, 1st bridge across the Tiber.

ROMAN CURIA

616: Etruscan Rule Begins

7 Kings (Last 3 Are Etruscan):

5. Tarquinius Priscus (616) – Built Cloaca Maxima/Circus Maximus.

6. Servius Tullius (578) – Founded Democratic Assemblies.

7. Tarquinius Superbus (534) – Tyrranical.

CLOACA MAXIMA

CIRCUS MAXIMUS

ROMAN REPUBLIC

EARLY REPUBLIC (Expansion to Italian Peninsula)

509: Romans Overthrow Etruscan Kings and Establish a Republic

Res Publica = Public Affairs

451: Twelve Tables = Roman Law

390: Gauls Sack Rome

MIDDLE REPUBLIC (Expansion to South and West)

264: Punic Wars Against Carthaginians. Carthage Destroyed.

(Last from 264 to 149 BCE)

83: Civil Wars Begin

HANNIBAL

Roman Civil Wars:

Sertorian War (83-73) – Between Rome and Provinces of Hispania.

Sulla’s Second Civil War (82-81) – Between Sulla and Marius’ Supporters.

Lepidus’ Rebellion (77) – Lepidus Rebelled Against Sulla’s Regime.

Catiline Conspiracy (63-62) – Between Senate and Catiline’s Supporters.

Caesar’s Civil War (44 BC) – Between Caesar and Pompey’s Supporters.

JULIUS CAESAR

LATE REPUBLIC (Expansion to North and East)

60: First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey, Crassus)

44: Julius Caesar Assassinated by Senators

Civil War Between Octavian and Marc Antony

CAESAR’S ASSASSINATION

CAESAR’S ASSASSINATION

CAESAR’S ASSASSINATION

ROMAN EMPIRE

27: Beginning of the Empire

Octavian is Renamed Augustus, First Emperor

Pax Romana = Roman Peace

79 CE: Mt. Vesuvius Erupts; Buries Pompeii and Herculaneum

MT VESUVIUS AND POMPEII

80: Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum) Built

Persecution of Christians Begins

COLOSSEUM

COLOSSEUM

285: Empire Split into East and West by Constantine; 2 Co-Emperors

330: Capital Moved to Constantinople

455: Barbarian Invasions Weaken Rome

(Huns, Vandals, Gauls)

476: Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire Becomes The Byzantine Empire

1453: Byzantine Empire is Conquered by the Ottoman Turks