ROMAN art, Part IIT, R, 12-1:20PM

Professor Paige Prater

QUICK QUIZ

• Name these two pieces of art• List three ways they are similar • List three ways they are different • Use terms discussed in class:

principles and elements of art, culture, and/or time-period or technique.

• Name/date your paper.

Place

Time Periods

• 509-27BCE The Republic• 27BCE-96CE The Early Empire• Flavians 69-96CE

• 96-192CE High Imperial Art of Trajan & Hadrian• 192-395CE The Late Empire, Third & Fourth Centuries

The Flavians 69-96CE

• Military men• Restored imperial finances• Stabilized the frontier• Last Flavian ruler, Domitian: terror returns• Titus=Domitian’s deified predecessor/brother

Arch of Titus, 81 CE (restored 1822-24)

• Commemorates Titus’ capture of Jerusalem, after fierce suppression of Jewish revolt

• Concrete faced with marble• 50’ base for 4-horse chariot and rider statue• Inscription defines the monument

Arch of Titus

Arch of Titus - Spoils from the Temple of Solomon

Arch of Titus – Triumphal Procession, Titus in Chariot 6’ 8”

Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum), 70-80CE

• Begun under Vespasian in 70CE/completed under Titus in 80CE

• “Colosseum” because originally a huge statue of Nero called “Colossus” stood next to it

• Sports-arena: 159’ high, 280x175’ floor• 100 days of performances at opening in 80CE• 9,000 wild animals/2,000 gladiators died

• 76 entry doors; 50,000 spectators• Awning over the top• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3CnkdSJ9i0

Colosseum

Colosseum (Flavian

Amphitheater) Architecture

• Attic (top) with Corinthian pilasters

• 3 levels of arcades: Tuscan order, Ionic order, Corinthian order

Young Flavian Woman, 90CE

• Latest court fashion

Middle-aged Flavian Woman, Late 1st century, CE

• Revival of verism

• Recorded age

High Imperial Art of Trajan and Hadrian

• Domitian – assassinated in 96CE; succeeded by Nerva (a senator who appointed Trajan his successor)

• Trajan: born in Spain, commander of troops in Germany• Greatest extent of the Roman empire reached

• “adopted” successors vs. genetics• Hadrian (117-138CE): consolidated borders/ reforms• Patronage of arts increased

Column of Trajan, 113-116CE or after 117. Marble, spiral band =36”; 625’ if “unfurled”!

The Pantheon, 118-128CEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANWz9a09KAg

• Oculus• Drum

Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli 130-135CE

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6npEWNrHGM

Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts, 118-128CE. Mosaic floor, Hadrian’s Villa, 23x36”

Hadrian’s Wall, 2nd century CE

• Stone/turf; 24,000 auxiliaries• 73 mi, forts/fortified towers ea

mile

The Unswept Floor (mosaic variant of 2nd century BCE painting by Soso of Pergamon). 2nd century CE. *TESSERAE

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, 11’ 6” gilded bronze, 176 CE

161-180CE ruledCommodus (son) succeeded him

Commodus as Hercules, 191-192CE. Marble, 46 ½”.

The Late Empire, 3rd-4th centuries, CE

• Political/economic decline• Barbarian threats• Army controlled the government

Caracalla

• 14 ½”• Marble• Early 3rd century, CE• Son of Septimius Severus:

murdered his brother, Geta in 212CE

• Murdered in 217CE • Baths of Caracalla in 216-

217CE (50 acres)

Septimius Severus, Julia Domna, and their Children, 200BCE. 14” painted wood.

Baths of Diocletian/Church of Santa Maria Degli Angeli

• Frigidarium converted by Michalangelo

3rd Century: Soldier Emperors - Philip the Arab, 244-249CE, 26”

• Head of the Imperial Guard

• Murdered his predecessor

• Murdered after 5 years

Tetrarchs, 300CE

Audience Hall of Constantine Chlorus (The Basilica), early 4th century

Constantine the Great 325-326CE 8’ 6”

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova) 306-313CE

Arch of Constantine, 312-315CE

Priestess of Bacchus (?), Ivory diptych, 390-401CE