road to the people’s republic
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Road to the People’s Republic. European Imperialism. Late 1700s – Europe refuses to kowtow , or “bow low” to Chinese Emperor Demanded right to trade at Chinese ports Opium Wars – British began to sell opium from India to China. Chinese become addicted - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Road to the People’s Republic
European Imperialism
1700 20001800 1900
• Late 1700s – Europe refuses to kowtow, or “bow low” to Chinese Emperor• Demanded right to trade at Chinese ports• Opium Wars – British began to sell opium from India to China.• Chinese become addicted• Drained China’s supply of silver, used to pay for drug
• China tries to stop illegal drug trade by passing harsh laws• Smugglers faced death penalty
• 1839 – Chinese destroy shipment of opium• War breaks out• Outdated weapons & warships no math for Britain Page 345
Revolutionary Civil WWI WWII Vietnam
The Unequal Treaties
1700 20001800 1900
• 1842 – Treaty of Nanking ends Opium War• First of “unequal treaties”
• China forced to pay for destroyed opium, give Hong Kong to Britain, and open other ports for British trade• Soon, France, Russia, Germany, and USA forced China to trade with them too
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Increased Foreign Influence
1700 20001800 1900
• Late 1800s – Western Powers carve up China into spheres of influence• Area in which foreign nation has special economic privileges (i.e. right to build railroads &
factories)• Japan also expands into China• 1895 – Japan defeats China in war
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Open Door Policy
1700 20001800 1900
• USA feared European nations might set up colonies in China• Calls on nations to support “Open Door Policy” in China• All nations should have equal access to
trade w/ China• Failed
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Unrest and Revolution
1700 20001800 1900
• Loss of territory to foreigners = sign of weakness• Peasants revolt in Taiping Rebellion• 20 million die over 14 years
• Chinese call for reform• “Learn the superior techniques of
the barbarians to control the barbarians.”
• Wanted Western technology, but Confucian culture
•Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901): Anti-foreign Chinese “Boxers” aimed to expel all foreigners• Killed many Chinese Christians and
foreigners• Result: Westerners organize international army, occupy China
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Nationalists and Communists
1700 20001800 1900
• Nationalists: Called for nationalism• Making China a unified nation• Ending foreign domination• Supported democracy• Spoke of ensuring a decent living for all Chinese
• Didn’t work.• Chinese felt strong ties to their own family, not the state• China has little experience with democracy• China’s economy was in a depression
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Enter the Communists
1700 20001800 1900
• 1921 – Nationalists concerned about Chinese Communist Party (CCP)• CCP joined forces w/ Nationalists to expel foreigners & fight warlords• Nationalists turn on the Communists• Expel from Guomindang• Kill thousands of supporters
• Surviving communists flee to southeastern China
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Mao’s Long March
1700 20001800 1900
• 1920s–1930s: Mao Zedong emerged as leader of Communists• Believed Communists would succeed in China only by winning support of peasants • Nationalists attack Communists• Communists march 6,000 miles from
southeastern China to remote northwestern province Shaanxi
• 90,000 Chinese begin march• Only 7,000 survive
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary
Japanese Invade
1700 20001800 1900
• 1931 – Japanese invade China, seize Manchuria• Chinese call on Nationalists & Communists to settle differences, fight common enemy• 1937 – Japanese launch all-out attack on China• Planes Chinese cities• Armies overrun cities
• 1945 – Nationalists and Communists defeat Japan (with much help from Allies)• Mao controls north China, Nationalists control south.• Renew power stuggle
Civil WWI WWII VietnamRevolutionary