rival city-states: sparta vs athens. athens and sparta are the two most famous and powerful cities...
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Rival City-States:Sparta Vs Athens
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Athens and Sparta are the two most famous and powerful Cities States in Ancient
Greece.
They are very
different.
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Sparta
“Come back with your shield or on it”
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Sparta• It’s located on the
Peloponnesus Peninsula.
• Sparta has a militaristic society.
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Spartan Society • 3 social groups• Citizens: real “Spartans”, control
Sparta (only 5%).• Perioci: free men, pay taxes &
serve in the army but have no political power.
• Helots: slaves, the majority. Spartans used force to control them.
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• The most important principle: the life of every individual belongs to the State.
Government
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• Militaristic Oligarchy• Sparta has two kings:
–1 king in charge of military matters;
–1 king in care of domestic matters.
Government
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Council of Elders• 28 male citizens over
the age of 60:– they propose laws & serve as a
criminal court
Assembly• All male citizens over age of 30:
– they voted on laws
Government
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• Main value: the army (no need for walls! Army will defend!)
• All men want to become soldiers
• Newborn infants are examined:
• healthy = they can live• sickly = they must die.
Military Society
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• Primary purpose is to produce soldiers!
• Military training begin at age 7 for boys;
• soldiers at age of 20;• serve until age 60.
Education/Training
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• Life’s ambition is to be a soldier’s mother.
• Women are expected to be healthy & strong so that they can bear strong children.
• Trained in gymnastics, wrestling & boxing.
Spartan Women
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• They are respected in Spartan society, but they can not participate in government.
Spartan Women
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• No interests in philosophy, science, literature, & the arts
• No individual freedom.
Impact of Military Society
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Athens
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• It’s on the Attica Peninsula (north of Sparta)
• They descend from the
Mycenaeans
Development
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Social Class• Citizens:
• All free men born in Athens (50%)
• Metics:• Born outside Athens• No land, but paid taxes• Slaves: Captured in war,
considered property
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Government
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• Assembly:• ALL free men over the age of 18 can participate • It is considered their public
duty.
Government
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• Council of 500• Give ideas to
the assembly• Members chosen by lottery
once a year
Government
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• Ostracism:• If a
politician’s name appeared on 6,000 ostraca they would be EXILED!!!
Government
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• Only boys receive an education• They enter school at 7;
graduated at 18• They study arithmetic,
drawing, music, gymnastics, rhetoric, literature (Iliad & Odyssey), etc.
Education/Training
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Education/Training• At age 18 men
served in the military for 2 years.
• They receive physical
Education (sports)
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• No formal education; learned household duties from theirs mothers
• Married between 13-15 • Primary purpose is to have
children
Athenian Women
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• No legal rights• They can not
participate in government, or go to the market or the Olympics.
Athenian Women
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• Democracy, philosophy, architecture, drama, art…
Athenian Legacy
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Test yourself… SPARTA - 1• Sparta has a m____________ society.• Spartan society: 3 social groups:
Citizens, Perioci: f___ m___, and Helots: s______.
• E______ i_______belongs to the State.• Primary purpose is to produce
s________.• Life’s ambition is to be a
soldier’s m______.• They are respected in Spartan
society, but they c__ n___ participate in government.
• No i_________ freedom.
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Test yourself… SPARTA - 2• Sparta has a militaristic society.• Spartan society: 3 social groups:
Citizens, Perioci: free men, and Helots: slaves.
• Every individual belongs to the State.• Primary purpose is to produce
soldiers.• Life’s ambition is to be a
soldier’s mother.• They are respected in Spartan
society, but they can not participate in government.
• No individual freedom.
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Test yourself – ATHENS - 1
• Citizens: all f___ men born in Athens.
• Metics: born o______ Athens.• Slaves: considered p______.• Assembly: a_ free men can
participate.• Only b___ receive an education.• Women: m____ between 13-15 • Athens legacy: democracy,
p_______, architecture, drama, art…
•
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Test yourself – ATHENS - 2
• Citizens: all free men born in Athens.
• Metics: born outside Athens.• Slaves: considered property.• Assembly: all free men can
participate.• Only boys receive an education.• Women: married between 13-15 • Athens legacy: democracy,
philosophy, architecture, drama, art…
•