Revivalismand the Holiness Movement

Lesson 11

Do you have to sin every day?

Objectives Lesson 11

• Discuss the unique social conditions and religious climate that gave rise to revivalism, and the transatlantic dimension of revivalism

• Identify: revivalism, evangelicalism, denominationalism, and social reform

• Discuss some revival techniques and why they were effective in this setting

• Relate revivalism to contemporary trends in the church

• Term Paper Project• Hymn Project• Articles of Faith• TULIP• Wesleyan Quadrilateral

Discuss the unique social conditions and religious climate that gave rise to revivalism, and the

transatlantic dimension of revivalism

Protestant culture in the United States was different than European:

• All voluntary - no state support• no denomination favored by the state• lay leadership was vital• 1800s = 7% claimed membership• 1910 = 44% claimed membership!

Lay People

• **Giving laypeople a chance and support (training, practice, positive feedback) to be leaders strengthened the church and made it grow!

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Methodist and Baptist revivals were primarily responsible for this change

• Methodist theology was prepared for evangelism on a large scale, and missions work

• Baptists required a modified Calvinism in order to justify large sacrifices needed for missions work

– "New Divinity" said that humans had the ability to respond to God's grace. Total depravity did not exclude ability to respond to grace.

– Predestination was questioned early on– Baptists believed:

• Final perseverance of the saints• rejected infant baptism• not strict on "limited atonement" and offered an invitation

to all to become believers

Revivals

• 200 years - 1700's through late 1800's

• New England had the most revivals• 1797-1801 was the strongest revivals

in New England with long-lasting effects

• Evangelists became champions for social causes too

– temperance (no alcohol)– abolitionism (no slavery)– jail systems (punish vs. rehabilitate)

American groups were formed for cooperation in evangelizing

• Missions Societies• "Plan of Union" between Presbyterians and

Congregationalists– emphasized education and right doctrine– Worked until the pro-slavery anti-revival group gained control

and broke up for 100 years• American Bible Society from several different Bible

Societies• American Tract Society• Sunday School Union• American Education Society (schools)• Temperance Society• Antislavery Society

– Methodists were told to get rid of all slaves within one year of becoming Methodists in America. This was weakened, but still remained a suggestion. "Christmas Conference"

Methodists grew in the new United States

• Individual responsibility• Equality before God• Salvation for all• This appealed to frontier people• Methodists used Camp Meetings very effectively

– Many testified to entire sanctification– Many wanted their home churches to be as exciting as camp

meetings• Women's rights

– 1853 Antoinette Brown Blackwell became the first woman ordained in modern history. Wesleyan Methodist minister.

– Galatians 3:28 - how do you read that?– Adam Clarke wrote about this in his commentary which many

people read.

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Schism• First major schism was when some Methodists

refused to have black Methodists in their annual conferences

– Three splits happened because of this!– Bigotry does not pay! Christ came for everyone,

and our theology judges us when we go against it!

• 100 years later the "Wesleyan Methodists" left the conference because of slavery. They said "abolish slavery at once."

Cities

• City Methodists declined in their strong insistence on entire sanctification. When revivalism came, many responded.

– City ministry was at noon– Many lay people were

involved in leadership– Inter-denominationalism

was encouraged

Revivals led to concerns about social injustices

• social morality• observing the Sabbath• temperance• women's rights• Preaching was practical, not formal• They spoke to real issues in people's lives combined

with how Christ would look at that.• Ministry and education to the poor

– Urban (city) ministries– Food kitchens– free schooling– rescue homes (unmarried mothers)– Prison ministries

• Holiness people believed that society could be reformed - and they did it!

Free Methodists (1860) break away

• plain dress

• equality of clergy and laity

• no musical instruments

American Holiness Movement

• Emphasized entire sanctification NOW– less process, more crisis– Danger: "Once sanctified always sanctified" leads to a denial

of sin in those who have experienced sanctification• De-emphasized tradition of the church• Used words like "Pentecost" and "Baptism with the

Holy Spirit"• Emphasized getting back to the early church where

entire sanctification was obviously preached and felt• More people boldly proclaimed entire sanctification.

Wesley did not. Phoebe Palmer believed this testimony strengthened God's grace in your life.

• More emotional in worship style• A shift towards "tabula rossa" belief - led to decreased

emphasis on the sinfulness of people - and their need of God

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Holiness decline in the Methodist church

• Leaders in the US became concerned that Holiness preaching caused breaks among the congregation. Those who were "on fire" wanted those who were not to get the fire.

• Holiness leaders did not know whether to stay in their denominations or start new ones. They met and agreed to try to stay inside their denominations.

• Frustration continued to build as the concern for "order" in the Methodist church led to more Holiness preachers being dismissed.

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Methodist leadership made decisions to:

– Accept bishops that were not entirely sanctified

– Abandon class and band meetings– Doubt the second experience of grace

(sanctification)– Decrease the focused preaching on holiness

- the main distinction of Methodism

• Groups like the Church of the Nazarene formed combining different Holiness denominations into a traditional Methodist structure.– 1890's– Phineas F Bresee

Revivalism

• revivalism: Emphasis on holiness, emotionalism, socially appropriate preaching

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Evangelicalism

• evangelicalism: Belief that we must go and preach the Good News to all people - despite opposition. Also associated with a belief that the early church was the right way to do church.

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Denominationalism

• denominationalism: belief that if you have a strong disagreement, you can just start your own denomination that more closely reflects the early church. Denominationalism was DEemphasized during revival movements (more unity)

Social Reform

• social reform: Belief that society can change through the work of God through us. Never give up!

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Discuss some revival techniques and why they were effective in this setting

• City revivals used convenient times (noon / lunch time) to be effective

• Camp Meetings when people could come for two weeks to hear powerful speakers

• Emotionalism where speakers did not mind using emotional appeals to people to get the to convert

• Emphasis upon crisis vs. process - the change needs to happen right now!

• Emphasis on free will - you can choose where you go after this earthly life!

• Inter-denominationalism - unity at the expense of doctrinal teaching.

• Basic Bible preaching with Sovereignty of God emphasized.• Preaching that focused on problems of the day and practical

responses to it.• Pushing people towards social action as an external reflection of

the inward change led to movements to fight injustice.

Relate revivalism to contemporary trends in the church

• What do you think?

• What will you do to make sure your work does not disappear? (Assuming you are doing God's work)

Term Paper (3 Pages A4, 32 lines)

Thesis: I will do these four things as my method of helping the work of God I am doing to continue even after I leave or pass away.

1. Introduction (Story of your current situation / ministry)

2. Paragraph 1-41. What will you do?

2. Why are you doing that?

3. Is there a historical precedent for that? (Proof that this works in the past?)

3. Conclusion - story in the future of how your ministry affected your local area and the Solomon Islands in 50 years.

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