chapter 15 review antebellum revivalism & reform

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Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

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Page 1: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Chapter 15 ReviewChapter 15 Review

AntebellumRevivalism

&Reform

AntebellumRevivalism

&Reform

Page 2: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Era of Social Change• Religious revilvals

• Reform movements

1) women’s rights

2) education

3) literacy

4) prohibition

5) Abolition

Page 3: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)

Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)

Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning.”

Go against John Locke and the idea that knowledge comes from the mind

“Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.

Page 4: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Transcendentalist AgendaThe Transcendentalist Agenda Give freedom to the slave.

Give well-being to the poor and the miserable.

Give learning to the ignorant.

Give health to the sick.

Give peace and justice to society.

Page 5: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Transcendentailists• Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Henry David Thoraeu

• Walt Whitman

Page 6: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Thomas Paine & Deism• Age of Reason 1794

• All churches set up to enslave men and make a profit

• Followed belief of Deism – reason over religion

• Believe in a supreme being but not Christ’s divinity.

• Followed by Jefferson & Franklin

Page 7: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Unitarian Faith• Begins in New England

• Believe that God exists in only one person (uni)

• Does not believe in the holy trinity

• Belive in free will & salvation through good works.

• Causes a “tidal wave of spiritual fervor”.

Page 8: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Second GreatAwakening

Reaction against liberalism

The Second GreatAwakening

Reaction against liberalism“Spiritual Reform From

Within”[Religious Revivalism]

Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

Temperance

Asylum &Penal

Reform

Education

Women’s Rights

Abolition

Page 9: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

Page 10: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation.

Charles G. Finney

(1792 – 1895)

Charles G. Finney

(1792 – 1895)

“soul-shaking”

conversionR1-2

Page 11: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Movements of Religious Revivals:

1825 - 1846

Movements of Religious Revivals:

1825 - 1846

Page 12: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

“Burned-Over District”• Areas in New England that were

overrun with preaching to a point they were “burned over”

• Area gave rise to Joseph Smith in 1830. Father of the Mormon faith.

Page 13: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day

Saints)

The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day

Saints)

Joseph Smith (1805-1844)

1823 Golden Tablets

1830 Book of Mormon

1844 Murdered in Carthage, IL

Page 14: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Violence Against MormonsViolence Against Mormons

Page 15: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day

Saints)

The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day

Saints) Takes over

after the death of Smith

11 days of formal education

Aggressive leader

Moves Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah

Brigham Young(1801-1877)

Page 16: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Mormon “Trek”The Mormon “Trek”

Page 17: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Brigham & the Government

• U.S. was unable to control Brigham Young

• Declared himself governor in 1850• Federal troops sent in 1857 against

Mormons• U.S. Govermnet passes antipolygamy

laws 1862 & 1882• Utah doesn’t become a state until 1896

Page 18: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Education Reform• Schools existed mostly for the wealthy

• Americans realize the importance of an educated society versus one that is ignorant and able to vote.

• Tax-supported public schools make gains between 1825-1850.

• 1st teachers were men

• Taught the “3 R’s”

“ readin, ritin’ and ‘rithmethic”

Page 19: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

“Father of American Education”

Horace Mann (1796-1859)

Horace Mann (1796-1859)

children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials children should be “molded” into a state of perfection discouraged corporal punishment established state teacher- training programs

R3-6

Page 20: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Educational Reform Educational Reform

Religious Training Secular Education

MA always on the forefront of public educational reform * 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools.

By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites. * US had one of the highest literacy rates.

Page 21: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Utopian CommunitiesUtopian Communities

Page 22: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848

The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848

John Humphrey Noyes(1811-1886)

the 2nd coming of Christ had already occurred.

Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past.• all residents

married to each other.• carefully regulated “free love.”•Praticed eugenics

Page 23: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Shakers

• Led by Mother Ann Lee

• Longest lived sects

• 6,000 member in 1840

• Died out by 1940

Page 24: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Utopian Socialist

“Village of Cooperation”

Page 25: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Original Plans for New Harmony, IN

Original Plans for New Harmony, IN

New Harmony in 1832

Page 27: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Blithedale Romance 1852• Book inspired by New Harmony

• Written by Nathaniel Hawthorne

• Main character was based on a feminist writer Margaret Fuller

Page 28: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Penitentiary ReformPenitentiary Reform

Dorothea Dix(1802-1887)

1821 first penitentiary foundedin Auburn, NY

R1-5/7

Page 29: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Page 30: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Temperance Movement Temperance Movement

Frances WillardThe Beecher Family

1826 - American Temperance Society

“Demon Rum”!

R1-6

Page 31: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

“The Drunkard’s Progress”

“The Drunkard’s Progress”

From the first glass to the grave, 1846

Page 32: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Ten Nights on a Barroom and What I Saw There

• Written by T.S. Arthur in 1854

• Shows how a tavern ruins a once happy village

• 2nd best selling book of its time.

• Led to states like Maine and others in the North to outlaw the sale of intoxicating liquor.

Page 33: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Social Reform Prostitution

The “Fallen Woman”

Social Reform Prostitution

The “Fallen Woman”Sarah Ingraham

(1802-1887)

1835 Advocate of Moral Reform

Female Moral Reform Society focusedon the “Johns” & pimps, not the girls.

R2-1

Page 34: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

“Cult of Domesticity”“Cult of Domesticity”

A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was arefuge from the cruel world outside).

Her role was to “civilize” her husband andfamily.

An 1830s MA minister:The power of woman is her dependence. A woman who gives up that dependence on man to become a reformer yields the power God has given her for her protection, and her character becomes unnatural!

Page 35: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Early 19c WomenEarly 19c Women1. Unable to vote.2. Legal status of a minor.3. Single could own her own

property.4. Married no control over

herproperty or her children.

5. Could not initiate divorce.6. Couldn’t make wills, sign a

contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

Page 36: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Cult of Domesticity = Slavery

Cult of Domesticity = SlaveryThe 2nd Great Awakening inspired

women to improve society.

Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké

Southern Abolitionists

Lucy Stone

American Women’sSuffrage Assoc.

edited Woman’s Journal

R2-9

Page 37: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights1840 split in the abolitionist movement over women’s role in it.

London World Anti-Slavery Convention

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

1848 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments States- men and women were created equal.

Page 38: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own

Way!

What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own

Way!

R2-8

Page 39: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement 1816 American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation.

British Colonization Society symbol

Page 40: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica.

No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s.

Gradualists Immediatists

Page 41: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Anti-Slavery AlphabetAnti-Slavery Alphabet

Page 42: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues.

Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.

Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4

Page 43: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Premiere issue January 1, 1831

R2-5

Page 44: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All

Villanies!

The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All

Villanies!

Page 45: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists

Lewis Tappan

Arthur Tappan

James Birney

Liberty Party. Ran for President

in 1840 & 1844.

Page 46: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists

David Walker(1785-1830)

1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World

Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

Page 47: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”

R2-12

Page 48: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

Page 49: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)

Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.

$40,000 bounty on her head.

Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

“Moses”

Page 50: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Page 51: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

Page 52: Chapter 15 Review Antebellum Revivalism & Reform

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

“Tracks” ==== routes

“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep