revision of ece r41

IFM, Institute for Vehicle Technology and Mobility1 Mobilität

Revision of ECE R41

First analysis of the Informal GRB R41 TF database

By Heinz Steven

23.10.2006


• 44 vehicles

11 from Japan,

5 from ACEM,

11 from INDIA,

2 from USSMA,

15 from BASt

• No results from INDIA for current ECE R41,

• Detailed results (single measurements) for

ECE R41 from Japan and ACEM,

ISO 362-2 from Japan and ACEM,

ASEP from Japan, ACEM, INDIA, USSMA,

Roadside enforcement from Japan, ACEM

• The following tables show the technical data of the vehicles.

Content and structure


Technical data

Table 1a

testing body

Idveh databas

e

transmission type

veh number

veh class

veh cat

no of gears

eng cap in cm³

rated power in

kW

rated speed in

min-1

idling speed in

min-1

v_max in km/h

kerb mass in kg

pmr in kW/t

JAPAN 1 m J1 L3 3 6 498 33 8300 1300 160 200 120.0JAPAN 2 m J2 L3 3 5 660 35.3 6000 1400 160 189 133.7JAPAN 3 CVT J3 L3 3 499 32.6 7500 1200 165 225 108.7JAPAN 4 CVT J4 L3 3 400 25 7300 1450 145 215 86.2JAPAN 5 m J5 L3 3 6 656 57 10100 1200 200 224 190.6JAPAN 6 m J6 L3 3 6 996 69 8000 1200 200 272 198.8JAPAN 7 m J7 L3 3 6 599 80 12500 1300 254 199 292.0JAPAN 8 m J8 L3 3 5 1552 54 5300 950 185 317 137.8JAPAN 9 CVT J9 L3 1 49 3.6 8000 1300 60 77 23.7JAPAN 10 CVT J10 L3 3 249 16 7500 1400 120 171 65.0JAPAN 11 m J11 L3 3 5 399 24 8000 1300 135 264 70.8ACEM 12 m ACEM-1 L3 3 6 674 90.5 12500 1200 260 186 347.0ACEM 13 m ACEM-2 L3 3 5 2298 103.5 6000 750 216 350 242.0ACEM 14 m ACEM-3 L3 3 6 998 89 9250 1300 245 203 320.0ACEM 15 CVT ACEM-4 L3 2 125 10.63 8750 1725 110 166 42.1ACEM 16 CVT ACEM-5 L3 2 125 10.1 9000 1500 100 135 48.1


Technical data

Table 1b

testing body

Idveh databas

e

transmission type

veh number

veh class

veh cat

no of gears

eng cap in cm³

rated power in

kW

rated speed in

min-1

idling speed in

min-1

v_max in km/h

kerb mass in kg

pmr in kW/t

INDIA 17 m ID1 L3 2 4 124.5 8.47 8000 125 42.4INDIA 18 m ID2 L3 2 4 99.3 6.03 7500 109 32.8INDIA 19 m ID3 L3 2 4 124.7 6.72 8000 90 117 35.0INDIA 20 m ID4 L3 2 5 149.1 9.5 8000 101 141 44.0INDIA 21 m ID5 L3 2 4 106 5.59 7500 85 113 29.7INDIA 22 m ID6 L3 2 5 125 6.5 7000 90 120 33.3INDIA 23 m ID7 L3 3 5 499 16.5 5500 180 64.7INDIA 24 m ID8 L3 3 5 223 12.7 7000 125 150 56.4INDIA 25 CVT ID9 L3 2 94.8 5.38 7500 99 30.9INDIA 26 CVT ID10 L3 8.5 7500 136 40.3INDIA 27 CVT ID11 L3 2 87.8 3.68 6500 60 95 21.6USMMA 28 m USMMA-A L3 3 5 1450 87.6 8300 1000 381 229.7USMMA 29 m USMMA-B L3 3 5 1130 55.8 5300 1000 377 147.9


Technical data

Table 1c

testing body

Idveh databas

e

transmission type

veh number

veh class

veh cat

no of gears

eng cap in cm³

rated power in

kW

rated speed in

min-1

idling speed in

min-1

v_max in km/h

kerb mass in kg

pmr in kW/t

Bast 30 m G1 L3 3 5 599 57 10500 1100 219 193.9Bast 31 m G2 L3 3 6 599 72 12000 850 221 243.2Bast 32 m G3 L3 3 6 1352 140 9500 950 252 428.1Bast 33 m G4 L3 3 5 680 48 8000 1220 258 144.1Bast 34 m G5 L3 3 5 1284 85 7500 1000 252 259.9Bast 35 m G6 L3 3 6 1157 123 10250 1210 248 380.8Bast 36 m G7 L3 3 6 798 62.5 8000 1220 204 224.0Bast 37 m G8 L3 2 5 125 11 11000 1500 162 46.4Bast 38 m G9 L3 3 6 998 72 8000 1210 250 221.5Bast 39 m G10 L3 3 5 1157 72 8500 890 242 227.1Bast 40 m G11 L3 3 6 897 63 7500 1160 221 212.8Bast 41 m G12 L3 3 5 660 35 6250 1500 191 131.6Bast 42 m G13 L3 3 6 656 57 10100 1200 229 187.5Bast 43 CVT G14 L3 3 244 16 8500 840 153 70.2Bast 44 CVT G15 L3 2 125 10 8750 1000 166 41.5


• The following figures show the detailed results for all methods versus engine speed per vehicle.

Results


Detailed results versus engine speed

Figure 1

y = 0.0021x + 66.008

R2 = 0.9039y = 0.0024x + 64.37

R2 = 0.9477

65

70

75

80

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

engine speed in min-1

Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, right

cst, left

cst, right

Linear (wot,right)Linear (wot, left)

vehicle 1

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 2

65

70

75

80

85

90

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, leftwot, rightcst, leftcst, right

vehicle 2

idling speed

rated speed

ISO 362-2

R41 current



Figure 3

65

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, rightcst, left

cst, right

vehicle 3

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 4

65

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, rightcst, left

cst, right

vehicle 4

idling speed

rated speed

v_AA < 30 km/h



Figure 5

y = 0.002x + 67.75

R2 = 0.979

y = 0.0022x + 67.126

R2 = 0.9667

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, leftwot, rightcst, leftcst, rightLinear (wot, right)Linear (wot, left)

vehicle 5

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 6

y = 0.0019x + 70.766

R2 = 0.9219

y = 0.0021x + 70.823

R2 = 0.9504

65

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, leftwot, right

cst, leftcst, right

Linear (wot, right)Linear (wot, left)

vehicle 6

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 7

y = 0.0017x + 72.285

R2 = 0.9573

y = 0.0018x + 71.056

R2 = 0.9791

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, rightcst, left

cst, rightLinear (wot, right)

Linear (wot, left)

vehicle 7

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 8

y = 0.0038x + 68.744

R2 = 0.9682

y = 0.0038x + 66.968

R2 = 0.9536

65

70

75

80

85

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)


vehicle 8

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 9

y = 0.0042x + 42.575

R2 = 0.9286

y = 0.0041x + 41.01

R2 = 0.9039

65

70

75

80

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)


vehicle 9

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 10

65

70

75

80

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, leftwot, rightcst, leftcst, right

vehicle 10

idling speed

rated speed

v_AA < 25 km/h



Figure 11

y = 0.0022x + 66.956

R2 = 0.9636

y = 0.0022x + 65.61

R2 = 0.9765

65

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)


vehicle 11idling speed

rated speed



Figure 12

y = 0.0023x + 71.875

R2 = 0.9802

y = 0.0026x + 69.68

R2 = 0.9702

75

80

85

90

95

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)


vehicle 12

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 13

y = 0.0024x + 72.612

R2 = 0.954

y = 0.0024x + 71.973

R2 = 0.9666

70

75

80

85

90

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, right

cst, left

cst, right

Linear (wot, right)

Linear (wot, left)

vehicle 13

idling speed rated speed



Figure 14

y = 0.0013x + 76.916

R2 = 0.7973

y = 0.0024x + 70.454

R2 = 0.9155

70

75

80

85

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, rightcst, left

cst, rightLinear (wot, right)

Linear (wot, left)

vehicle 14

idling speed

rated speed



Figure 15

65

70

75

80

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

wot, left

wot, right

cst, left

cst, right

vehicle 16

idling speed

rated speed

v_AA < 25 km/h


• The following figures contain comparisons of the results for different methods.

Comparison of results


L_urban versus L_ECE R41

Figure 16

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84

Result current ECE R41 in dB(A)

Lurb

an,

Res

ult

ISO

362

-2 in

dB

(A)

CVT, pmr <= 25

CVT, 25 > pmr <= 50CVT, pmr > 50

manual, 25 > pmr <= 50manual, 2pmr > 50


L_urban, L_ECE R41 versus power to mass ratio

Figure 17

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

power to mass ratio index

Lmax

in d

B(A

)

L_ECE_R41Lurban


ISO 362-2: Lwot versus Lcst

Figure 18

y = 0.7661x + 23.192

R2 = 0.72

70

75

80

85

60 65 70 75 80

Lcst in dB(A)

Lwot

in d

B(A

)

CVT, 25 < pmr <= 50CVT, pmr > 50manual, 25 < pmr <= 50manual, pmr > 50allLinear (all)


L_ASEP, L_enforcement versus Lwot (ISO 362-2)

Figure 19

y = 1.1228x - 8.9932

R2 = 0.3264

y = 0.7408x + 24.012

R2 = 0.5634

70

75

80

85

90

70 75 80 85

Lwot ISO 362-2 in dB(A)

Lmax

in d

B(A

)

CVT, L_ASEPmanual, L_ASEPCVT, L_enforcementmanual, L_enforcementLinear (manual, L_enforcement)Linear (manual, L_ASEP)

???

???

???


• For 14 vehicles of the TUEV Nord motorcycle database (derived within UBA projects) and 9 vehicles of the Informal GRB R41 TF database the slopes of the linear regression lines of Lmax versus engine speed and versus normalised engine speed ((n – n_idle)/(s – n_idle)) were calculated for each side of the vehicle.

• The results show an influence of rated engine speed as demonstrated in the following figures.

• The slopes decrease with increasing rated_speed for the absolute engine speeds and increase with increasing rated speed for the normalised speeds.

• Tolerance bands can be determined that could be used for ASEP requirements.

Slope of Lmax versus engine speed


Slopes of the linear regression lines of Lmax versus engine speed

Figure 20

y = 0.4271x-0.5688

R2 = 0.4396

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0.004

0.0045

0.005

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

rated engine speed in min-1

slo

pe o

f Lm

ax v

s e

ngin

e sp

eed

b_1b_2

allmax

avemin

Potenziell (all)


Slopes of the linear regression lines of Lmax versus engine speed

Figure 21

y = 0.0014479x + 6.2722937

R2 = 0.5018846

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

rated engine speed in min-1

slo

pe o

f Lm

ax v

s (n

- n

_idl

e)/(

s -

n_i

dle

)

b_rel_1b_rel_2

allmax

avemin

Linear (b_rel_1)


• Within a project for the UBA TUEV Nord tested some motorcycles with original and replacement silencers.

• Some of the replacement silencers showed noise emissions that were similar to the original equipment but could be easily modified so that the noise emission was increased between 7 and 13 dB(A). This modification makes the silencer illegal.

• However, an advanced silencer whose noise emission up to engine speeds that are covered by ISO 362-2 are similar to the original equipment but switches to the illegal mode at higher engine speeds would no longer be illegal without ASEP

• The following figure shows an example based on measurement results.

Example for ASEP


Example for the necessity for ASEP

Figure 22

y = 0.004x + 69.359

R2 = 0.9636

y = 18.669Ln(x) - 56.356

R2 = 0.9928

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000


Lmax

in d

B(A

)

vehicle 60, original

vehicle 60, muffler 2, ECEmodevehicle 60, muffler 2, illegalmodevehicle 60, combined

Logarithmisch

Linear (vehicle 60, original)

Logarithmisch (vehicle 60,muffler 2, illegal mode)

vehicle 60, wot pass-bymax. speed ISO 362-2


Thank You

Revision of ECE R41

revision of ece r41

Documents