Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on thediagram below, which shows the results of threedifferent physical tests, A, B, and C, that wereperformed on a mineral.

A) using an electronic balanceB) using a graduated cylinderC) observing how light reflects from the surface of

the mineralD) observing what happens when acid is placed on

the mineral

1. The luster of this mineral could be determined by

A) amphibole B) quartzC) galena D) graphite

2. Which mineral was tested?

A) calcite and haliteB) sulfur and fluoriteC) graphite and talcD) pyrite and magnetite

3. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a humanfingernail?

A) hematite B) fluoriteC) galena D) talc

4. Which mineral is mined for its iron content?

A) color, streak, and ageB) origin, exposure, and fractureC) size, location, and lusterD) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape

5. The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likelydetermines the mineral's

A) Observe the color of the mineral.B) Place the mineral near a magnet.C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral.D) Measure the mass of the mineral.

6. What is the best way to determine if a mineral sampleis calcite or quartz?

A) galena B) pyriteC) halite D) pyroxene

7. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calciteexhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. Thismineral most likely is

A) limestone and marbleB) granite and dolostoneC) sandstone and quartziteD) slate and conglomerate

8. Which two rocks are primarily composed of a mineralthat bubbles with acid?

A) These minerals have the same chemical andphysical properties.

B) These minerals have different chemicalproperties, but they have similar physicalproperties.

C) These minerals have different physical andchemical properties, but they have identicaluses.

D) The physical and chemical properties of theseminerals determine how humans use them.

9. Which statement about the minerals plagioclasefeldspar, gypsum, biotite mica, and talc can best beinferred from the chart?

A) galena B) graphiteC) hematite D) pyrite

10. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder whenrubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?

Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with threedifferent physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.

A) rate of weathering of the mineralsB) identity of the mineralsC) environment where the minerals formedD) geologic period when the minerals formed

11.The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the

A) A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardness B) A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streakC) A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardness D) A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage

12.Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested?

A) calcite B) haliteC) pyrite D) mica

13. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardnessof 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?

A) hardness B) colorC) size D) texture

14. Which property is most useful in mineralidentification?

A) luster B) streakC) hardness D) cleavage

15. Which mineral property is illustrated by the peelingof muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets?

A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsumB) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphiboleC) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxeneD) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet

16. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon andoxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?

17. Base your answer to the following question on thedata table below.

A) resistance to breakingB) resistance to scratchingC) specific heatD) specific gravity

Moh's scale arranges minerals according to theirrelative

A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica isnot.

B) Biotite mica contains iron and/or magnesium,but muscovite mica does not.

C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotitemica does not.

D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, butbiotite mica does not.

18. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovitemica different?

A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb

19. Which of the following elements is not found inPlagioclase Feldspar?

A) Pyrite B) PyroxeneC) Garnet D) Fluorite

20. Which of the following show cleavage in 2directions at 90%?

A) granite B) shaleC) breccia D) dolostone

21. Which rock is sedimentary in origin and formed as aresult of chemical processes?

A) light reflects from crystal surfacesB) energy is released during crystallizationC) of impurities that produce surface variationsD) of the internal arrangement of the atoms

22. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of twominerals.

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapesprimarily because

A) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystalB) emperature at which the crystal formedC) type of surface on which the crystal formedD) stream erosion that changed the crystal

23. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of themineral halite

The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the

A) sorted by size and not layeredB) sorted by size and layeredC) unsorted and not layeredD) unsorted and layered

24. Most sandstone bedrock is composed of sedimentthat was

A) melting B) runoffC) condensation D) evaporation

25. Which process led to the formation of thick saltdeposits found in the bedrock at some locations inNew York State?

26. Base your answer to the following question on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition,hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals inMoh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).

A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formationC) oxygen content D) natural abundance

The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone’s

27. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which shows a portion ofEath's crust. Letters A, B, C, and D indicate sedimentary layers.

A) subduction and melting B) uplift and solidificationC) heat and pressure D) compaction and cementation

Which processes produced rock layer B?

A) sandstone B) conglomerateC) quartzite D) granite

28. Particles of sediment collected from a lake bottomaveraged 1.2 centimeters in diameter. If left on thelake bottom to become buried by more sediment andcompressed into rock, these particles would form

A) The rock is older than the pebbles.B) The rock is igneous.C) The rock is sedimentary.D) The rock resulted from evaporation of sea

water.

29. A rock is composed of several large, roundedpebbles and sand grains cemented together. Whichinference about the rock is best supported by thisdescription?

30. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a cross section ofrock layers that have not been overturned.

A) B) C) D)

Within which rock type would a fossil most likely be found?

31. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below, which represents a rock samplecontaining fossilized Coelophysis footprints.

A) folding and faultingB) burial and cementationC) weathering and erosionD) deformation and melting

The siltstone layer containing the dinosaur footprintswas turned into rock by

A) precipitation from seawaterB) solidification of magmaC) folding of clay-sized particlesD) melting of sand-sized particles

32. Which process most likely formed a layer of thesedimentary rock, gypsum?

A) limestone B) gneissC) schist D) coal

33. The diagram below shows three stages in theformation of a specific rock.

Which rock is formed as a result of these threestages?

A) granite B) basaltC) sandstone D) limestone

34. Which rock most likely formed as a result ofbiologic processes?

A) glassy B) vesicularC) fine grained D) coarse grained

35. Which texture best describes an igneous rock thatformed deep underground?

A) weathering and erosionB) compaction and cementationC) heat and pressureD) melting and solidification

36. Which processes lead directly to the formation ofigneous rock?

A) light colored and igneousB) light colored and sedimentaryC) dark colored and igneousD) dark colored and sedimentary

37. What is the color and type of rock that forms oceaniccrust at mid-ocean ridges?

A) obsidian B) rhyoliteC) gabbro D) scoria

38. Which igneous rock is dark colored, cooled rapidlyon Earth's surface, and is composed mainly ofplagioclase feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene?

A) andesite B) pegmatiteC) pumice D) scoria

39. Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture andcontains the minerals potassium feldspar and quartz?

A) fine-grained and maficB) fine-grained and felsicC) coarse-grained and maficD) coarse-grained and felsic

40. Which is the best description of the properties ofbasalt?

A) B)

C) D)

41. Which granite sample most likely formed frommagma that cooled and solidified at the slowest rate?

A) slate B) hornfelsC) dunite D) marble

42. Which rock is only formed by regionalmetamorphism?

A) index fossilsB) faults in the rockC) the crystal size of its mineralsD) the disintegration of radioactive substances

43. The best evidence for determining the cooling rate ofan igneous rock during its solidification is providedby

A) B)

C) D)

44. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween the length of time molten magma takes tocool and the size of the crystals in the rock formedby the magma?

A) slate B) duniteC) gneiss D) quartzite

45. The rock shown below has a foliated texture andcontains the minerals amphibole, quartz, andfeldspar arranged in coarse-grained bands.

Which rock is shown?

A) phyllite B) schistC) gneiss D) quartzite

46. Which rock is foliated, shows mineral alignment butnot banding, and contains medium-sized grains ofquartz and pyroxene?

A) shale and conglomerateB) shale and sandstoneC) limestone and sandstoneD) limestone and granite

47. Which two kinds of adjoining bedrock would mostlikely have a zone of contact metamorphismbetween them?

A) B)

C) D)

48. Which graph best shows the relationship between the compositions of different igneous rocks andtheir densities?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

49. The data table below lists characteristics of rocks A, B, C, and D.

Which rock is most likely phyllite?

A) shale schist phyllite slate gneissB) shale slate phyllite schist gneissC) shale gneiss phyllite slate schistD) shale gneiss phyllite schist slate

50. Which sequence of change in rock type occurs asshale is subjected to increasing heat and pressure?

A) textureB) crystal or grain sizeC) method of formationD) mineral composition

51. Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, ormetamorphic based primarily on their

A) color B) textureC) hardness D) streak

52. Which characteristic of an igneous rock wouldprovide the most information about the environmentin which the rock solidified?

A) structureB) colorC) crystal sizeD) mineral composition

53. Which characteristic of nonsedimentary rocks wouldprovide the least evidence about the environment inwhich the rocks were formed?

54. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below. Rock units are labeled 1through 8. The line between A and A' indicates an unconformity.

A) marble B) basalt C) quartzite D) hornfels

Which rock most probably formed in the contact metamorphic zone within rock unit 6?

55. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section below. Location A is withinthe metamorphic rock.

A) marble B) quartzite C) phyllite D) slate

The metamorphic rock at location A is most likely

A) The sandstone fragments are younger than theconglomerate rock.

B) The sandstone fragments are older than theconglomerate rock.

C) The sandstone fragments and the conglomeraterock are the same age.

D) The sandstone fragments may be either youngeror older than the conglomerate rock.

56. How would the age of sandstone fragments found ina conglomerate rock compare with the age of theconglomerate rock? A) igneous and metamorphic rocks, only

B) metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, onlyC) sedimentary rocks, onlyD) igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks

57. Which type(s) of rock can be the source of depositedsediments?

A) precipitation from evaporating waterB) melting and solidification in magmaC) erosion and deposition of soil particlesD) heat and pressure causing changes in existing

rock

58. Metamorphic rocks form as the direct result of

Answer KeyReview - Rocks and Minerals

1. C2. A3. C4. A5. D6. C7. A8. A9. D10. D11. B12. A13. B14. A15. D16. B17. B18. B19. D20. B21. D22. D23. A24. B25. D26. A27. D28. B29. C30. D31. B32. A33. D34. D35. D

36. D37. C38. D39. C40. A41. D42. A43. C44. C45. C46. B47. D48. B49. D50. B51. C52. B53. B54. D55. B56. B57. D58. D