ROCKS & MINERALS

Minerals are always solid with particles in repeating

patterns- crystals

They are only found in Nature.

They are formed in the Earth’s mantle (from heat and

pressure) – near the surface when oxygen, calcium

and carbon combine in the ocean, and when hot,

mineral-rich water moves slowly through the cracks in

the Earth’s crust.

Minerals

EXAMPLES OF MINERALS:

Quartz CalciteIron

Hematite DiamondCalcite

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS:

Streak: color of the

powder left behind when

you rub a mineral against a

white tile called a streak

plate.

Luster: the way the

surface of a mineral reflects

light, either metallic (shiny) or

nonmetallic (dull)

Hardness: a mineral’s

ability to resist being

scratched as measured by

Mohs’s hardness scale

USES OF MINERALS:

Quartz makes glass. Diamonds make jewelry.

Many things that we see and use every day are made from iron.

Hematite can be used to make art.

What are three testers that can be used to determine a mineral’s hardness?

fingernail, penny, nail

ROCKS:Rocks are made up of two or more minerals.

They are not crystals

Some rocks form near the surface while others deep in

the crust.

There are THREE major categories of Rocks: 1. IGNEOUS2. SEDIMENTARY3. METAMORPHIC

IGNEOUS ROCKS:

Form when melted rocks harden

Fine-grained rocks (smooth) are from

lava

Coarse-grained rocks (rough) are from

magma. Obsidian Basalt Pumic

eGranite

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:

Formed from layers of sediment, created by

weathering, and erosion, that are dropped

from moving water, and are squeezed and

stuck together.

Fossils are usually found in sedimentary

rocks.

Conglomerate rocks have large pieces

and rom in shallow water

Siltstone is made up of smaller pieces

Limestone is made up of fine grained rock

Sandstone is made up of grains the size

of sand.

Fossil

conglomerate rock

Limestone

Sandstone

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Existing rocks are changed through high heat and

pressure to form different rocks

morph = change

Schist

Gneiss

Marble

Slate

ROCK CYCLELike most cycles, the materials are used over and

over.

Process include weathering, erosion, deposition,

melting, compaction, and cementation.