REACHING END-USERS

Facts for helping CIAT move forward on strategic program development

Louise Sperling and Mark Lundywith inputs from:

Andy Farrow Bernard Vanlauwe Enid Katungi Reinhardt Howeler Jean Claude Rubyogo Helena Pachon Andy Jarvis Michael Peters Rod Lefroy

CGIAR VISIONRen Wang, CG Director

SCIENCE FOR IMPACT

CGIAR VISION: Ren Wang, Directorfunding allocations

Current Near Future (New CG)

CG: 9

Partners: 9

CG: 1

Part. 1

‘R’‘Delivery’

MEGAPROGRAMS

http://sites.google.com/a/cgxchange.org/alliance/mega-program-team-reports

REU program at CIAT: WHY?

1. Advance Research • for reaching client groups– on the ground• for policy change (toward) client groups)

2. Shape R+ D (affect implementation)

3. Serve as a framework for Funding

CIAT Working Group: REU- Dec 2008

Reaching Endusers is a CORE VALUE at CIAT

REU RESEARCH Advances

Example 1: Beans: moving of varieties- Africa

Example 2: Agro-enterprise: linking farmers to markets

Moving of bean varieties : Africa

Problem: varieties not getting out fast enough or widely enough

Conventional Model

Bean NARS led centralized seed systems

Parastatal seed producers/ suppliers

GO/NGOs (for development projects + as seed relief)

Farmer research groups/individual farmers

A few released popular varieties

On farm variety testing

Farmers Farmers Traders

Maize Sorghum Wheat Rice Common Bean

Angola 15 0 50 0 0

Lesotho 75 5 38 4 -

Malawi 10 5 19 4 0Mozambique 10 5 13 - -

Rwanda - - - - 1

Tanzania 14 9 15 0 0

Zambia 75 0 97 <1 <1

Zimbabwe 83 25 97 <1 <1

Use of certified seed in percent area sown in a selection of African countries (DANAGRO 1988, CIAT 2002, 2004, SSN 2005)

Research Dynamism. vs. Seed Supply

Country # var. released (96-04)

# var.supplied by formal seed channels

Seed coverage by formal seed supply (%)

DRC 18 4 <2

Ethiopia 23 3 0.8

Rwanda 20 5 2

Uganda 11 2 5

free evaluationResearch station

Farmer enterprises

Traders

local seed sales

Local R/D service provider

Seed company

wider market reach

access to technology

trainingfeedback

training / prom

otion feedback

training

Figure Modified from R. Kirkby (CIAT) 2003

Re-Conceptualization of seed production and supply chain• More partners (100s)• Clear complementary divisions of labor• New platform building (Rubyogo et al, forthcoming)

Research on Seed quality- what product was safe- met user needs?

KARILocal marketNon-trainedTrained farmers

seed

infe

ctio

n (%

)

group

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

Otysula et al., 2004

STRONG RESEARCH ON MARKETING• Small packs

– 75g (‘cup of tea’)– 200g– 400g

• Multiple varieties

• In venues farmers’ frequent

• With Information-from trusted source

RETHINKING IMPACT PATHS

.

Years

6

2 10 14

10

20

Conventional

Wider Impact

Millions of Farmers

No. of partners in bean seed multiplication and delivery: PABRA/ECARBEN/SABRN

992,755

793,430

807,160

3,584,590

1,001,400

819,300

__________

7,998,635

Ethiopia

Malawi

S. Tanzania

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

_____________

Total

Households reached 2003-2007

Rubyogo et al, 2009

#3 CIAT/partners have recognized track record in REU

NEW PUBLIC –PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIP

• 28,000 packs sold (Sept 09- Jan 09)

maize beans cow peas

pigeon peas

sorghum

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

LELDET LTD CROPS SOLD at Ol Kalou Field Day on 18th March 2009

SEEDS

WE

IGH

T(k

gs)

GENDER RESULTS Small packets sales Oct-Nov 08

N= 5404 customers

10 Ksh ( $ 0.12)Most popular size

female58%

male42%

SUMMARY: REU Research Beans

Tested Partnership reorganization

Tested Market innovation (GATES/AGRA)

Developed production and model- for use in 24 countries- across crops

Opened up lucrative possibilities- private sector.

Developed a model which reaches even poor women

.... Reached… 8 million households (5 years)

Agro-enterprise REU challenge

Productivity is not enough to reduce poverty Markets are also needed Questions from NGOs

– Methods and tools for market linkages?– Training & backstopping on tool usage?

Questions from CIAT– How to move from training to co-learning?– How to achieve impact at scale?

Some participants in Central America

Organizing principles

Clear and shared objectives. Shared responsibilities, costs and benefits. Outputs as inputs for innovation. Differentiated but linked learning mechanisms. Long-term, trust-based relationships.

Learning cyclesDevelopment of key questions

(what do we want to learn?)

Document external knowledge (literature)

Document field experience (local, national)

How can we use/improve ‘good practice’ (prototype 1.0 - toolkits of approaches, methods,

tools and policies)

Capacity development

Shared documentation, analysis, reflection and learning around the selected topic

Field application (context A)

Field application (context B)

Field application (context C)

Existing ‘good practice’(what is already known?)

Policy implications / briefs

Empirical evidence for theory

development

Improved practice (prototype 2.0)

Contributions to large-scale,

systemic change

Reach and Influence in Central America (2003-2007)

Innovation system for rural enterprise

development in Central America

Direct learning alliance partners (25 organizations)

Indirect learning alliance partners

(~116 organizations)

Partner beneficiaries

(~35,786 families)

Results Central America

Farm level gains Increased income, better NRM and gender equity Income gains from using alliance tools of 10m US reported

(Swisscontact Honduras) Estimated regional income impact over 60m US (4 years)

Sustainable process Regional facilitation unit spun off of CIAT Currently funded by partner contributions CIAT now focused on further strategic research for impact

Results Central America

More strategic and collaborative projects

ACORDAR Nicaragua (CRS) 28m US PYMERural Nicaragua, Honduras (Swisscontact) 12m US Sustainable trading relationships Honduras, Guatemala

(Oxfam) 10m US

Reach and influence globally

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008

Central America: Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador

East Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, Uganda, Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi and Eritrea

Andes: Colombia, Ecuador,Bolivia

Peru

West Africa: Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Gambia, DR Congo, Liberia, Sierra Leone,

Senegal, Benin

S.E. Asia: Philippines, Vietnam, Timor-Leste, Cambodia

S. Asia: India, Afghanistan

2001

SUMMARY: Agro enterprise REU

Uptake of CIAT research outputs, business models Major organizational changes in partners More effective collaboration between development and

research agencies Sustainable platform for science for impact, not just for

agro enterprise And field level impacts in more 30+ countries

SUMMARY :Types of REU Impacts

• New organizational models developed for science for impact• Policy Changes (public, NGO, donor and private)• Re-focus on ---Types of end users redefined• Scaling up processes refined (across countries, across

regions,-- global changes)

• (and yes. massive results on the ground: # people reached, $$$ income, distribution of benefits– toward poor, marginalized, women

QUESTION: Is this just ‘DELIVERY”

Some Overview Tables

REU at CIAT

SELECT REU IMPACTS

Program Technology Where When REU target reached

Cassava Asia

Improved varieties and agronomic practices

11 countries SE Asia(incl China)

(1994-2007) 2.8 million famers($ 916 million increased income /yr)

Forages Asia

Forage options in crop livestock systems

Laos, Viet Nam, South East Asia

2002 - 2008 40,000 farmers

Forages (mainly LAC)

Brachiaria accessions including hybrids

LAC, Thailand

2001 - 2008 100,000 to 150,000 ha

Forages Knowledge systems SoFT

Global Launched 2005

120,000 to 150,000 hits per year

Seed Systems in stress

Seed Aid Briefs Global 2006-present 60,0000 downloads

Agro-enter LAC

Territorial approach to rural enterprise development

Global 2002-2008 30 country programs of CRS trained in agro enterprise development; (empowered)

REU- CIAT : Money currently involved

Program Theme-Issue Where When Total Funds $ Funds/Year $Beans (TLII) Drought-tolerant Bean

seed systemsKenya and Ethiopia 2008-2010 1.4 million 460,000

Beans Seed Systems- strategy MalawiMozambiqueS. Tanzania

2007-2010 400,000 100,000

Forages Several projects combine with REU

Nicaragua, Colombia, Congo, Laos, Viet Nam

2007 -2011 500,000 200.000

Asia Farming systems- Agri-bus Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos

2008-2012 1.5 million 375,000

ISFM-TSBF CIALCA Central Africa 2007-2011 3.1 million 740,000 Agro –enter. New Biz Model

New business models for sustainable trading relationships

Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana and Ivory Coast

2008-2011 5.3 million 1,325,000

Decision and Policy Analysis

Climate Change and Coffee in Central America

Nicaragua Guatemala

2009-2014 200,000 40,000

SSA-CP IAR4D Kivu area, (DRC) 2007-2010 750,000 250,000PABRA- REU thrust

Cross programs Pan-Africa 2009-2011 1 million 250,000

Nippon Found. Cassava

Improved var + agronomic practices

Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam

2009-2013 2.3 million 450,000

Total (partial) 16.5 million 4.2 million

Money leveraged

Theme Where When Funds directly available $US

Funds Leveraged $US

Comments

Rural Agro-enterprise development in Central America

Honduras Guatemala El Salvador Nicaragua

2002-2007

490,000

1.4 million

> 50 million $US brought in via new projects

Livestock Development (Tropical Forages)

Laos

2008-2015

0

19.8 million

CIAT designed the loan and grant project

Forages in systems in Cauca and Valle

Colombia 2006-2010 100,000

200, 000 Exponential uptake

Pea and the elephant

‘Powerful Pea’

Change UN guidelines- seed aid

Biorfortification as routine trait in NARS (e.g. Cuba + Panama)

Private companies, e,g Costco, pro-poor supply chains….

Shift from vet fix to forage solution across Mekong Delta

Cassava approach change towards FPR across 11 countries in Asia

REU funds (projects next 1-2 years)Program Theme-Issue Where When Funds requested

$US

Forages Forage network with CATIEINIA

Central America and the Caribbean

c. 2010 1 million

Agro-enterprise, forages Dairy chain development Nicaragua, Colombia, Costa Rica

c. 2010 2.5 million

Beans Wider impact seed chains Uganda, DRC, Burundi 2009-10 750,000 (?)

Decision and Policy Support Site specific agriculture (SSAFE)

SSA 2010-2015 c. 2 million

TSBF Biological nitrogen fixation- legumes

SSA 2010-2014 c. 6 million

Agro-enterprise Linking farmers to markets Laos 2009-2013 2.3 millionAgroSalud Biofortified rice and beans Cuba

Nicaragua2010-2012 250,000

Coffee Under Pressure (CUP) Climate change adaptation + pro-poor business models

Central America and 2009-2013 200,000

Building Sustainable Trading Relationships

Pro-poor business models and 2009-2012 750,000

Designing inclusive + effective public sector supply chain policies

Pro-poor public sector supply chain support policies

Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador

2009-2012 850,000

Building NGO and farmer capacity to partner effectively with buyers

Farmer and NGO capacity development

, , , , , , 2009-2011 300,000

Total (partial) 16.9 million

Coordinate vs. Conflict

RWANDA

Bean Seed Supply Systems

HP+CIALCAPABRA

PROPOSED STEPS FOR MOVING FORWARDCIAT team:

1. Review what is our ‘reaching end-user mandate’ (what is ‘in’ what is ‘out’)

2. Synthesize some of the ‘startling’ High profile lessons (maybe edited volume)

3. Synthesize STRATEGIC VISION, STRATEGIC PATHS

4. Map: intra-center (+ partner) opportunities for impact, on-the ground synergies

5. Fund raise- specifically Strategic ‘REU’

CHECKLIST for REU Program Development

Question

1. Does CIAT adhere to the goal of ‘Science for impact’

2. Does CIAT currently engage in REU activity

3. Will CIAT intensify REU activity in the future

4. Does REU demand strategic work in areas of :• Organization al models• Client-oriented policy• Methods development• Shared agenda setting

No Yes

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