Slide 1

INTEREST GROUPS AND POLITICAL PARTIES

Political Interest groups -may resemble those of political parties.

Political parties- do seek to control the powers of the government through their elected party leaders,

Interest group- leaders do not, since they are not elected by the people and are accountable to the public.

Interest groups- work outside the electoral process.

GOALS- The objective of political party is to land a political seat by winning an election. On the other hand, interest groups are chiefly focus on programs of their cause and are hardly represented or billed in the formal organization of a government. MEMBERSHIP- Member of political parties may come from all walks of life and from all kinds of profession with unity of purpose that is to control political power.Interest groups members however are based on common desire, not necessarily political, and they are more similar in terms of concern and orientation that is to push desirable legislation for their advantage.

SIZE- The end of a political party is to win an election and perpetuate power in government, but usually may be classified into single dominant party, bi-party system or multi-party system.

Protective and Promotional GroupsProtective Interest Groups=>Are generally formed to promote the material interest of their members like the professional groups, trade unions, employers association, etc.. and to try to influence the government to work for their welfare advantage. AIM=>Protective interest groups are sectored organizations that aim to carry out or defend a common interest of members like the protection of their occupational rights and benefits.

MEMBERSHIP=Protective interest groups are not open to all individuals. The interest of the members are frequently defined and limited as the needs to protect their social stature arise roles so distinct keeping these special groups at work. STATURE=Protective interest groups are normally represented in the formal structure of government.

BENIFITS=Protective interest groups work to maintain or improve their image and the present condition of their members.

e. FOCUS=Protective interest groups which aims to influence the government on the formulation of relevant policies that address the protection and promotion of the interest of the groups.

PROMOTIONAL INTEREST GROUP Are also popular on the basis of their inherent features and characteristic .

Some of them are included:A.)aim-Promotional interest group are pressure groups that work in promotional for cause. They work not only to the defense of their natural cause but also it the protection of the very fabric of the existence as pressure groups.b.)Status= They are not often or directly represented in the policy making process.C.)Membership= Are open to all individuals regardless of occupational distinctions as long as each individuals believes in the just cause and group attitude, ideas and values he can always be part in the groups propagation and promotion of their causes.

PROMOTIONAL INTEREST GROUP Are also popular on the basis of their inherent features and characteristic .

Some of them are included:

A.)aim-Promotional interest group are pressure groups that work in promotional for cause. They work not only to the defense of their natural cause but also it the protection of the very fabric of the existence as pressure groups.

b.)Status= They are not often or directly represented in the policy making process.

D.)Benefits= These groups however seem to get hard to recruit members since the cause benefits would always redound to the welfare of like-situated people.

E)Focus= These groups tend to seek worldwide recognition and funding to maintain their cause at work for the benefits of their situated beneficiaries.C.)Membership= Are open to all individuals regardless of occupational distinctions as long as each individuals believes in the just cause and group attitude, ideas and values he can always be part in the groups propagation and promotion of their causes.

OTHER TYPES OF INTEREST GROUPS

Public Interest groups = These are pressure groups that are driven and motivated to promote the culture and benefits of the public with socially oriented goals and aspiration like groups forming to protect consumers right and the advocates for the protection of the environment.

Socio-Cultural groups=Thes are interest groups that concern themselves in promoting protecting and enhancing the members common socio cultural objectives like the protection of copyrighted musical or literary composition and patent invention.

. Economic Groups= It include the business sector, labor groups, agricultural peasant workers, trade union, and educational association among others.

Single Issue Groups =These are relatively new in the contemporary political times that loosely organized to respond to present national concern through various tactics like activism, media mileage appeal and other forms of propaganda.

LOBBYING TECNIQUE

Lobby = is a term derived from the Halls of Britain's house of Commons where people could.

Lobbyist = are groups that aim to pursue campaign s to oppose a bill or to organize an advertising campaign aimed at raising peoples awareness with the public.

Lobbying = in thus a technique of influence , helping interest groups advance their common goals.

The contact man - promotes the interest of his groups establishing friendship with legislators to whom he can present his group case on a person-to-person basis.

The information - lobbies in public rather than in private meeting offering testimony support promotes the interest of his groups establishing friendship with legislators to whom he can present his group case on a person-to-person basis.lobbies ting materials on the groups behalf.

The watchdog- keeps close track of what is happening in the legislature so he can alert his group to take action when the time is appropriate.

TOOLS FOR SUCCESSFUL LOBBYING

Following effective strategies are:

Less effective approach - the lowest rated strategies of pursuing the interest of pressure groups are those keeping channels open between interest groups and legislators.

Effective approach - the rated less effective approach of interest groups are those techniques that include contacts by constituents and closed friends, sending letters and telegram campaigns, public relation campaign and publicizing voting records that involve no personal communication between legislators and lobbyist.

High effective approach - The highest rated strategy known among pressure groups include not only the personal presentation of view point and research result made by contact-man type of lobbyist to individual legislators but also the lobbyists testimony during legislative committee hearing.

STRATEGIES OF INTEREST GROUPS Interest Groups in the Legislative Department- Probably the most persuasive and appealing strategy of interest groups in pursuing their concerns across the government is through lobbying technique. It may monitor the preparation of legislative bill, influence the committee to which it is assigned, follow it through hearings, subcommittee vote, and house vote, repeating same stages in the Senate through conference committee deliberations, until its final passage or defeat in both House.

Pressure Groups in the Judiciary- it is truism that pressure politics would always find its way into the courts whenever their safety nets were not serve or complemented in spite of the huge pressure techniques they willfully employed to persuade other branches of government. Pressure Groups in the Executive Department-The executive branch of government is also strategic place for interest groups to press on their causes.In democratic government s, the legislative department as rule as the delegates to executives agencies the responsibility to design suitable rules and regulations.

The End By: BANGE