Report from the Subcommittee on Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease

Zoonotic Avian Influenza • Both LPAI and HPAI can infect humans • Recent LPAI zoonotic reports

– H7N9 China – H10N8 China – H6N1 Taiwan – H9N2 Hong Kong

• Recent HPAI – H7N7 Italy – H7N3 Mexico – H5N1 China, Egypt, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia – H5N6 China

Disease Presentation

• Conjunctivitis occasionally with additional symptoms including upper respiratory symptoms with influenza-like illness – H7N7 Italy HPAI – H7N3 Mexico HPAI – H9N2 Hong Kong (elsewhere) LPAI

• Severe respiratory disease with pneumonia often leading to high case fatality rate – H5N1 several countries (HPAI) – H7N9 China (LPAI) – H5N6 China (HPAI)

Other Notable H5N1 Events

• OIE Reports H5N1 – Egypt, Indonesia, Vietnam and China-Endemic – Cambodia-ducks – India-crows – Libya-backyard chickens and ducks (Egypt-like

virus) – North Korea-commercial chickens – Nepal-chickens – Russia-backyard chickens, ducks, and geese

Other H5 HPAI Events • OIE Reports H5N6 (reassortant)

– China, Laos, Vietnam Clade 2.3.4 – Concern because of detection of unique reassortant in 3

countries • OIE Reports H5N8 (reassortant)

– South Korea-primarily ducks but also chickens –ongoing for over 9 months

– Japan-chickens-resolved • OIE Reports H5N2 (reassortant)

– China • OIE Reports H5N2

– Mexican lineage H5N2 reassortant with Asian H6N1

Taiwan H5N2

RKKR/GLF LPAI RRKR/GLF HPAI

• The molecular sequence does not match IVPI

• Authorities did not report based on sequence

• OIE definition requires by IVPI or sequence

Cases Deceased

Cases Alive

Source: WHO, Flutrackers, news reports

India

Nepal

Russia

Mongolia

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Burma

Thailand

Laos

0

0

500 Kilometers

500 Miles

Vietnam

Philippines

South Korea

North Korea

Pakistan

INNER MONGOLIA

HENAN

ANHUI

ZHEJIANG

SHANGHAI

JIANGSU

FUJIAN

JIANGXI

HUBEI

SHANXI SHANDONG

HEBEI

BEIJING

TIANJIN

LIAONING

Taiwan

Location of H7N9 Influenza in China (8/4/14)*

SHAANXI

*452 total cases/124 deaths Province/ City

Number of Cases

Anhui 18

Beijing 5

Fujian 22

Guangdong 118

Guangxi 3

Hebei 1

Henan 4

Hunan 24

Jiangsu 61

Jiangxi 8

Jilin 2

Shandong 4

Shanghai 42

Zhejiang 140

GUANGDONG

HUNAN

GUANGXI

CHONGQING

GUIZHOU

NINGXIA

GANSU

SICHUAN

YUNNAN

JILIN

HEILONGJIANG

QINGHAI

XIZANG

XINJIANG

HAINAN

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Num

ber o

f Cas

es

Province

Wave 1 Wave 2

Cases of H7N9 Influenza by Wave (8/4/14)*

*Total cases = 452

H7N2 HPAI Australia • Outbreak New South Wales

reported Oct 10, 2013 • Single farm -Free range and

caged layer chickens • 18,000 dead in a

population of 470,000 • Farm depopulated • Source-suspected wild birds • Outbreak resolved

Emergence of New Sub-Genotypes of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

with Panzootic Features

PJ Miller, T Bubu, R Haddas, TA Khan, N Mukhar, SF Rehmani, S Setiyaningsih, A

Wajid, T Yaqub, MN Zahid & CL Afonso*

OIE Collaborating Centre for Research on Emerging Avian Diseases, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA

JAN. to JUNE 2012

JULY to DEC. 2012

JAN. to JUNE 2013

Newcastle disease 2013-2014 WORLDWIDE 68 countries reporting outbreaks in domestic

poultry. Four countries with ongoing outbreaks

Jan 2012-June 2013

For comparison: combine HPAI & LPAI data for the same reporting time: 17 countries reporting outbreaks in domestic poultry. Six countries with ongoing outbreaks: (2 HPAI, 2 LPAI, 2 both) Human Infection with mortality

ISRAEL- 58 (2012), 20 (2013) PAKISTAN- all months (2012), Jan- June (2013). No data > July 2013 INDONESIA-All administrative divisions (23) –every month (Jan ‘12-June ’13)

OU

TBRE

AKS

OUTBREAK DATA FROM OIE

ND Panzootics Panzootic- Animal infectious disease spreads across a large area; continent or world. ( human/pandemic) Four ND panzootics 1)1926 Indonesia/England; genotypes II, III, IV

2) 1963-1970s Middle east/Europe/America; genotype V, associated

w/psittacines. USA (CA) 2002, cormorants Canada/USA 2008

3)1960s “variant NDV” from pigeons N. Africa or Middle East world wide

4)1980s Asia – genotype VII Africa, Western Europe, South America (2008) chickens, geese, ducks

NDV isolates • Pakistan (n= 16); poultry swabs samples from 16 outbreaks in

different regions of the country; October 2011 - March 2012 • Israel (n = 33); diagnostic cloacal & tracheal swabs from

poultry & pet birds [Kimron Veterinary Institute] • Indonesia (n =14); diagnostic swab samples from live bird

markets or poultry handling facilities. [Vet. Med. Department, Bogor Ag. Univ.]. Five Islands (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, & Nusa Tenggara) represented.

• NDV strains (n= 3) cockatoo/Indonesia/87-36724-524/1988; lory/Indonesia/88-08989-523/1988 & parrot/Indonesia/C300 (19625)-520/1976; repository of USDA/SEPRL (ancestral)

• ICPI (~14) & MDT (~32): most velogens, some mesogens. “RRQKRF”

109255540|DQ485269-chicken/China/Guangxi/13/2004 160689054|EU258639-chicken/China/Shanghai/NDV04011/2007

119443712|EF128053-wild duck/China/JS-3/06/2006 124295072|EF211807-goose/China/JS/1/05/Go/2005

148534705|EF579733-chicken/China/Shandong/PYan/-2004 183584861|EU597811-chicken/China/SHY06/2006

409910457|FJ754273-goose/China/Anhui Province/WF00G/2000 28933797|AF431744-goose/China/ZJ1-2000

281429795|GU227739-sparrpwhawk/Serbia/1038/2007 KF92023-Turkey-Re-Israel-832-497-2009

290889341|GU564399-chicken/China/FMW/2006 18042236|AF456443-goose/China/JS/9/01Go/2001

33286089|AY338284-chicken/China/Y98-/2002 10925544|DQ485271-chicken/China/Guangxi/14/2005

160689084|EU258654-chicken/China/Shanghai/NDV0210154/2007 94429033|DQ486859-unknown/China/GM/2007

218511373|FJ480774-buzzard/China/HLJ009/2006 253740348|GQ245807-chicken/China/XY-14-08/2008

KF792022-ornamental chicken/Isr/Hertzelia/746-828-2013 109290353|DQ485229-cicken/China/Guanxi/7/2002

111559170|DQ839397-commercial chicken/South Korea/KBNP/4152/2007 157674520EU140955-unknown/South Korea-KBNP-C4152R2L/2008

18042230|AF456440-goose/China/JS4-01/2001 86371014|DQ363538-unknown/China/Lye01/2006

110225441|DQ659677-goose/China/NA-1/2006 218511469|FJ480822-goose/China/HLJ-1/2006

148509115|EF589134-chicken/China/Guizhou Province/H2/2007 86371012|DQ363537-unknown/China/Jinan/04/2004

5702360|AF162714-goose/China/Guangdong/GPMY-QY97-1/1997

15011278|AF358786-commercial chicken/China/Taiwan/TW/2000

33188027|AY325799-unknown/China/YN-C1/2003 109631557|DQ485256-chicken/China/Guangxi2/2000

6755-206|DQ067447-chicken/China/Guangxi/GX1/2000 222711160|FJ608337-chicken/China/Hebei/QG/2007

90025095|DQ417112-commercial chicken/China/Shandong Province/SRZ03/2003 222711180|FJ608347-chicken/China/Shandong- Province/XD/2008 25956343|GQ994433-chicken/China/Shandong Province/XD-S/2008

77994251|DQ227246-unknown/China/JS02/2005 77994267|DQ227254-chicken/China/Shandong/SWS03/2003

112363469|DQ858357-goose/China/Jiangsu/YG03/2003 296396406|GQ338310-unknown/China/ND03-044/2003

296396399|GQ338309-unknown/China/ND03-018/2003 14669154|AY028995-chicken/China/chA7/1996

20152943|AF458010-chicken/China/Js-3/2000 359358674|HQ697255-chicken/Indo/Sukorejo/019/2010 359358681|HQ697256-chicken/Indo/Makassar/003/2009

359358696|HQ697261-chicken/Indo/Bali/020/2010 402235510|JX193074-egret/China/Guangxi/2011

532236314|KF026013-chicken/Malaysia/UPM-IBS-002/2011 5142236429|AB605247/chicken/Indo/Bali1/2007

374252473|JN986837-chicken/Netherlands/152608/1993 KF767105-lory/Indo/88-08989-523/1988 33772471|AY288998-cockatoo/Indo/14698/1990

KF792021-chicken/Isr/Béer-Tuvia/120-827/2013 KF113351-chicken/Pak/University Vet. Animal Sci./211/2012

KF113343-chicken/Pak/Gujranwala/56/2011 KF113347-chicken/Pak/Khyber Pukhtun Khawa/119/2012

KF113349-chicken/Pak/Kasure/191/2012 359358690|HQ697259-chicken/Indo/Kudus/017/2010 359358693|HQ697260-chicken/Indo/Kudus/018/2010 359358687|HQ697258-chicken/Indo/Sragen/014/2010 359358684|HQ697257-chicken/Indo/Gianyar/013/2010 KF113346-chicken/Pak/Khyber Pukhtun Khawa/118/2011 KF113348-chicken/Pak/Khyber Pukhtun Khawa/162/2012 KF113345-chicken/Pak/Khyber Pukhtun Khawa/117/2011 KF113350-chicken/Pak/Lahore/200/2012

410994794|JX532092-chicken/Pak/MM19/2012 426273158|JX854452-Koklass Pheasant/Pak/MM20/2011

KF113339-chicken/Pak/Lahore/30/2011 KF113340-chicken/Pak/Lahore/32/2011

359358667|HQ697254-chicken/Indo/Banjarmasin/010/2010 KF792020-parrot/Isr/Beit-Shikma/841-824/2012 KF792019- chicken/Isr/Kvuzat-Yavne/50-826/2012

KF792018-chicken/Isr/1115-818/2011 KF113341-chicken/Pak/Lahore/43/2011

KF113342-chicken/Pak/Lahore/50/2011 KF113344-chicken/Pak/Okara/103/2011 KF113352-chicken/Pak/University Vet. Animal Sci./212/2012 KF113353-pheaseant/Pak/Lahore/136/2012

KF767104-cockatoo/Indo/87-367224-524/1987 KF767106-parrot/Indo/76-19625-520(C300)/1976

49641059|JX393313-Culex pool/Indo/Jakarta/1979 380293658|JQ267580-chicken/Iran/EMM-6/2011 380293656|JQ267582-chicken/Iran/EMM-4/2010

380293654|JQ267581-chicken/Iran/EMM-5/2011 380293658|JQ267583-chicken/Iran/EMM-3/2009

323388473|HQ589257-chicken/India/Bareilly/1997 374351790|JN942034-ostrich/South Africa/45445-3/1995

374351804|JN942041-cockatoo/India/7847/1982 290918489|GU182323-chicken/Pak/Karachi/SPVC/NDV43/2008

290918497/GU182329-chicken/Pak/Karachi/SPVC/ND26/2005 371670832|JN682184-backyard chicken/Pak/Lahore/2010 371670834|JN682185-commercial chicken/Pak/Rawalpindi/1/2010

371670846|JN682191-commercial chicken/Pak/Islamabad/3/2010 KF113338-chicken/Pak/University Diagnostic Lab./12/2010

385863476|JQ517285-chicken/Pak/UDL/8/2011 290918501|GU182331-chicken/Pak/Karachi/SPVC/ND33/2007

371670836/JN682186-commercial chicken/Pak/Islamabad/1/2010 371670838|JN682187-backyard chicken/Pak/Rawalpindi/2010

371670844|JN682190-commercial chicken/Pak/Islamabad/2/2010 371670884|JN682210-backyard chicken/Pak/2010 371670842|JN682189-commercial chicken/Pak/Rawalpindi/2/2010

371670840|JN682188-commercial chicken/Pak/Attock/2010 371670891|JN682211-commercial chicken/Pak/2010

99 99

99

93

99

61 51

98

80

71

69 83 99

75

99

99

98

99

92 99

94

99

71

99

99

98

99

99

99

98

75 89

99

99

78

99

96

73 94

99

92

72

81

99 86

83

81

79

99

98

98

93

89

99

0.01

VIId

VIIb

VIIe

VIIg

VIIf

XIIIa

XIIIb

ancestral

ancestral

VIIh

VIIi

ancestral

Figure 1: Three New Sub-genotypes

VIIh

VIIi

Conclusions Recently characterized vNDV strains that are highly genetically related from three countries (Israel, Pakistan & Indonesia) that do not share common borders represent the potential for the emergence of a fifth panzootic of ND. Oldest isolates from Indonesia.

9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza

• Sunday, April 12, 2015 - Wednesday, April 15, 2015

• Abstracts must be submitted by December 1, 2014

• Peer reviewed manuscripts in Avian Diseases • Follow up meeting 3rd International

Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses April 15-17 2015