renewable energy education for a sustainable future

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Solar Energy InternationalRenewable Energy EducationRenewable Energy Education

for a Sustainable Futurefor a Sustainable Future

Rivers for Life

October 2010October 2010

Laurie Guevara-Stone

International Program Manager



SOLAR ENERGY

INTERNATIONAL

SOLAR ENERGY

INTERNATIONALHands-on Workshops

Online Courses

Curriculum Development

Outreach Programs



Solar Electricity Solar Electricity

for the Developing Worldfor the Developing World



Solar Home Systems (SHS)



Community SystemsCommunity Systems



DD AY AY UUSESE SS YSTEM YSTEM



DC SDC S YSTEMS YSTEMS WWITHITH BB ATTERIES ATTERIES



DC SDC S YSTEM YSTEM WWITHITH

LVD OLVD OPTIONPTION IINN CCONTROLLERONTROLLER



SS YSTEM YSTEM WWITHITH AC & DC L AC & DC LOADSOADS



HH YBRID YBRID SS YSTEM YSTEM::

PV WPV WITHITH BB ACK ACK--UUPP GGENERATORENERATOR



BB ATTERYLESS ATTERYLESS

UUTILITYTILITY IINTERACTIVENTERACTIVE SS YSTEM YSTEM



UUTILITYTILITY IINTERACTIVENTERACTIVE

WWITHITH BB ATTERY ATTERY BB ACKUP ACKUP



Solar Home SystemsSolar Home Systems



LightingLighting



A Better Source of Light A Better Source of Light



LED LightsLED Lights



Solar LanternsSolar Lanterns

110,000 units have been sold worldwide, totalingmore than 0.6 MW of installed power and making it

one of the fastest growing PV markets



T elevisionT elevision



Health CareHealth Care



3 million children die eachyear from diseases that arepreventable with currentlyavailable vaccines.

30 million infants each year donot have access to basic

immunization services.



EducationEducation Improves literacy

Increases access tonews and

information Enables evening

education classes



Social ApplicationsSocial Applications,

Health clinicsHealth clinics150150--200 W, deep200 W, deep--cycle batteries,cycle batteries,small refrigerator/freezer small refrigerator/freezer

Many countries (WHO Many countries (WHO standards)standards)

Potable water Potable water

pumpingpumping

11 -- 4 kW, pump, reservoir 4 kW, pump, reservoir

(generally no batteries needed)(generally no batteries needed) Many countriesMany countries

Water Water purificationpurification

PV to power UV or ozone water PV to power UV or ozone water purifiers (0.2purifiers (0.2--0.3 Wh/liter)0.3 Wh/liter)

Many countries, e.gMany countries, e.gChina, Honduras,China, Honduras,Mexico, West BankMexico, West Bank

Water Water desalinationdesalination

11 -- 2 kW needed to power reverse2 kW needed to power reverse

osmosis or other water osmosis or other water desalination units for 1mdesalination units for 1m 33 per dayper day

Italy, Japan, USA,Italy, Japan, USA,

Australia, Saudi Australia, SaudiUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates

Schools andSchools andTrainingTrainingcenterscenters

PV systems for powering lights,PV systems for powering lights,TV/VCR, PCsTV/VCR, PCs

many countries: China,many countries: China,Honduras, Mexico, theHonduras, Mexico, thePhilippines, CubaPhilippines, Cuba

Street lightsStreet lights 35/70 W, battery, 1 or 2 CFL35/70 W, battery, 1 or 2 CFLIndia,

Indonesia, the

India,

Indonesia, thePhilippines, BrazilPhilippines, Brazil



Water PumpingWater Pumping



T oolsT ools



Commercial ApplicationsCommercial Applications

Village cinemaVillage cinema100100--150 W system with DC150 W system with DClights and Color TV + VCRlights and Color TV + VCRor satelliteor satellite

Dominican Republic,Dominican Republic,Vietnam, Honduras,Vietnam, Honduras,CubaCuba

Battery chargingBattery chargingstationsstations

0.50.5 -- 3 kW systems with DC3 kW systems with DC

battery chargers for salesbattery chargers for salesto households and microto households and micro--enterprisesenterprises

Morocco, Philippines,Morocco, Philippines,

Senegal, Thailand,Senegal, Thailand,Vietnam, India,Vietnam, India,BangladeshBangladesh

RentRent--out of solar out of solar lanterns for speciallanterns for specialoccasionsoccasions

Solar lanterns (5Solar lanterns (5 -- 10W)10W) IndiaIndia

Lights, radio/TV andLights, radio/TV andsmall appliances for small appliances for restaurants, shopsrestaurants, shops

2020--300 W, electronics,300 W, electronics,battery, appliance, inverter battery, appliance, inverter (if necessary)(if necessary)

many countries, incl.many countries, incl.Karaoke bar inKaraoke bar inPhilippinesPhilippines

Trekking / ecoTrekking / eco--

tourism lodgestourism lodges

Solar lanterns, SHSs andSolar lanterns, SHSs and

larger PV systems for lightslarger PV systems for lightsand refrigerationand refrigeration

Nepal, India, Peru,Nepal, India, Peru,

Trinidad and Tobago,Trinidad and Tobago,MexicoMexico



M

icroM

icro--EnterpriseEnterprise



Battery C

harging StationsBattery C

harging StationsColombia

Mali

Morocco

the Philippines

Thailand

Senegal

Vietnam

Botswana1 kW system



The customers only have to pay the charging fees to recharge their car

batteries. They can upgrade and buy a solar panel in a later stage.

The BCS are locally operated, creating employment opportunities and

potential business for local entrepreneurs.

Thailand:

AGovernment-

sponsored

programinstalled over 1000 BCS



Microenterprise ApplicationsMicroenterprise Applications

Tailor Tailor 5050--100 W system with DC100 W system with DClights and electric sewinglights and electric sewingmachinemachine

Several countries (i.e. NRELSeveral countries (i.e. NRELProjects)Projects)

ElectronicElectronicrepair repair

5050--100 W for DC lights and100 W for DC lights andsoldering ironsoldering iron

Bangladesh, India,Bangladesh, India,IndonesiaIndonesia

GoldGold

jewelry jewelry

60 W system with DC lights60 W system with DC lightsand soldering ironand soldering iron

Vietnam (SELF project)Vietnam (SELF project)

BicycleBicyclerepair repair

80 W system for DC lights and80 W system for DC lights andDC small drillDC small drill

VietnamVietnam -- Ha Tinh ProvinceHa Tinh Province

HandicraftsHandicrafts6060--100 W system for DC lights100 W system for DC lightsand DC small toolsand DC small tools

Nepal, VietnamNepal, Vietnam



Sustainability

´T he 3 A·s Analysisµ ² Practical Action

A

ffordable ² to people living on $1 a day? Accessible ² to people in marginal communities

in developing countries?

Appropriate ² adapted to the social,

economic, and cultural needs?Is it environmentally sustainable?

Can it made, developed and managed by local people and their institutions?



Implementing Renewable EnergyImplementing Renewable Energy

Projects in the Developing World Projects in the Developing World

Identifying Partners Identifying Partners

Determining Energy Needs Determining Energy Needs

Choosing Appropriate TechnologyChoosing Appropriate Technology

Developing a Financing SchemeDeveloping a Financing Scheme

Designing a Training ProgramDesigning a Training Program

Setting Up Necessary InfrastructureSetting Up Necessary Infrastructure

Securing FundingSecuring Funding

Recognizing Social & Cultural Issues Recognizing Social & Cultural Issues

Evaluating the Project Evaluating the Project



Financing Household Solar En ergy in the

Developing World



What can rural populations afford?:

5% can pay cash for a solar home system

20 - 30% can afford a solar home system with short ormedium term credit

25% can afford a solar home system with long termcredit or leasing

The average monthly expenditure for lighting and entertainment ranges

between $2.30 for low income

families to $17.60 for

upper income families



Mont hly Expenditur es on En ergy

by Typi cal Rur al Famili es in Non -el ectrifi ed Ar eas

Socio-economicgroup

Low incomeLower-middle

incomeMiddle income Upper income

Energy-usingappliances

Kerosenelamp

CandleKerosene

lampCandle

Kerosenelamp

Candle RadioKerosene

lampCandle Radio Car Battery for TV

Monthlyconsumption

3 liters 4 6 liters 8 9 liters 108

batteries16.8liters

810

batteries2

rechargesBattery

Amortization

Monthly cost(US$)

1.70 .60 2.80 1.00 4.25 1.25 2.50 7.90 1.00 3.10 2.50 3.10

Total 2.30 3.80 8.00 17.60

Source: World Bank ESMAP Technical Paper 009, 2000



C ommercial Banks can Financ e SHS if:

The SHS is considered eligible for bank financing

- System must be shown to be income-producing

Bank staff are familiar with household PV systems

Borrowers have convenient access to banks

Loan application procedures are

streamlined

Collateral barriers are addressed

- Treat the PV module as collateral

Repayment schedules are flexible



Financ e Options

Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)

Utilities, Cooperatives, NGOs, Private Companies, buy solarsystems in bulk, retain ownership, and bill for services. They sellthe electricity, not the panels.

Leasing Arrangements

Private Companies, Cooperatives, NGOs retain ownership of solarsystem until they are paid for by customers over a period of time.

Often use seed money from government or donor grants toestablish revolving fund.

Cash or Credit Sales to Consumers

Banks and dealers provide short-term financing at

market rates to help consumers finance systems.



Financing C haract eristics of 4Diff er ent Mod els

Financing Financing Option Option

Affordabilit y Affordabilit y Int er est Int er est Rat eRat e

RepayRepay--ment ment

Period Period

Down Down Payment /Payment /C onn ection C onn ection

F eeF ee

Loan Loan Sec urit y /Sec urit y /C ollat eral C ollat eral

Ris k to Ris k to Lend er Lend er

Ad minist Ad minist C ost C ost

Syst emSyst emOwn ers hi pOwn ers hi p

ESC OESC O HighHigh Low Low LongLong Low Low SystemSystem Low Low HighHigh

ESCO owns ESCO owns generationgeneration

components,components,rest by userrest by user

Lease /Lease /PurchasePurchase

ModerateModerate MediumMedium MediumMedium ModerateModerate SystemSystem ModerateModerate ModerateModerate User (at end User (at end of lease)of lease)

ConsumerConsumer Low Low HighHigh Short Short HighHigh

SystemSystemand/orand/orotherother

collateralcollateral

HighHigh ModerateModerate UserUser

Cash SalesCash Sales Low Low -- -- Full Cost at Full Cost at PurchasePurchase

NoneNone -- Low Low UserUser



Homes selected,Installation begins

Local techniciansinstall systems,local associationcollects payments

Communitymembers makepayments backinto credit fund

Revolving

C r edit Funds

Seed money from donor

Local groupmanages revolvingcredit fund



L

easing Program Suggestions:

Repayment

Repayment periods for consumer loans should be short:

If the repayment period is less than the average life of thebattery (3 years) borrowers will have the necessary funds by

the time the battery will need to be replaced.

Gradually increase lending levels

By starting out with small loans and rewarding successful repaym ent

histories with larger loans, repaym ent is m ore successful

High enough to ensure financial viabilit y of the comm ercial enterprise

Low enough to attract custom ers

Interest Rates



·

Collection by local representatives Societal pressures to honor ones debt may be high

· Collection by outside organizationImpartial outside organization may be necessary if the

community doesnt have strong societal pressures

· Disconnect PolicyDisconnecting the system for extended nonpayment

of fees can be an effective tool for cost recovery

Leasing Program Suggestions:

Enforcing Repayments



A monthly payment can include a small charge, held inescrow, to pay for replacement batteries

Example: Placing $1.50/month in an escrow account for3 years will generate the $50 necessary to purchase a

new battery

If the battery needs to be replaced in less than 3 years, theconsumer can pay the difference.

If the life of the battery exceeds three years, the consumer

can receive a rebate.


Financing Battery Replacements



S erving Cust o m ers with Limit ed Ab ility t o Pay

F inancing Opti o n s

· F l exi b l e repaym ent

· Fee s ch edu l es that match cus t o m ers

inco

m e s tr eam s F arm er s ma ke semi -ann u al o r qu art erly

paym ent s, s alari ed w o r ker s ma ke m o nthly

paym ent s

· Ext en d ing th e r epaym ent peri o d




T rad e-Up Programs:

Where credit programs dont work

Household systems start with the smallest system they can afford

As they save up more money and their energy demand grows, theycan trade in the smaller system for a larger system.



CountryCountry MexicoMexico IndonesiaIndonesiaDominicanDominican

RepublicRepublicZimbabweZimbabwe BoliviaBolivia ChinaChina KenyaKenya MoroccoMorocco

ProgramProgram

PRONASOLPRONASOL

and privateand privatesectorsectorinitiatives initiatives

B ANPRESB ANPRES

& other& otherprograms programs

SOSO--B ASECB ASECEnersolEnersol

GEF GEF Altiplano AltiplanoRegionRegion

Gansu SELF and Gansu SELF and other programs other programs

PrivatePrivateMarket Market

PPER,PPER,

SEP, EDF SEP, EDF programs programs

FinancingFinancing

Government Government UtilityUtility

BankBank

Govt Govt UtilityUtilityBankBank

NGONGOIntl AgencyIntl Agency

Govt Govt UtilityUtility

BankBank

Intl AgencyIntl Agency

NGONGOIntl AgencyIntl Agency

Govt Govt NGONGO

Intl AgencyIntl Agency

Govt Govt BankBankIntlIntl

Agency Agency

##

installedinstalled 35,00035,000 40,00040,000 5,0005,000 2,0002,000 1,5001,500 20,00020,000 20,00020,000 5,0005,000

FinancingFinancingSchemeScheme

Govt programGovt program& local credit & local credit cooperatives cooperatives

NationalNationalbankbankprovides provides revolvingrevolvingfund seed fund seed moneymoney

Intl funds Intl funds provideproviderevolvingrevolvingfund seed fund seed money,money,NGOs NGOs administeradminister

Intl financeIntl financefor revolvingfor revolvingfunds funds

LocallyLocallyfunded credit funded credit cooperatives cooperatives

Intl funding forIntl funding forlocal revolvinglocal revolvingfunds, govt funds, govt programprogramincluding privateincluding privatefinancingfinancing

CashCashsales sales

IntlIntlfundingfundingforforrevolvingrevolvingfunds,funds,bankbankfinancingfinancingand someand some

grants grants



Country Type of

Financing

Source of

Funds

Down

Payment(% of SHSCost)

Annual

Interest

Rate

(%)

Repayment

Period

(years)

Indonesia Leasing Government 5 0 10

Indonesia Consumer Supplier 50 18 2

Tuvalu ESCO NGO 10 Monthly

service charge-

Sri Lanka Leasing Bank 20 18 5

Swaziland Leasing Bank 25 2% above

prime

3

Philippines ESCO Government 25 15 -

Dominican

Republic

Consumer Bank 25 20 - 36 1 - 2

Rwanda Leasing CreditUnion

20 9 1 - 3

T erms for SHS Financing

in Sel ect ed C ountri es



G rameen Bank

One branch 15 22 villages Centers Local centers in each villageGroups 5 people (usually women)

2 get loans, after 6 weeks others get loans

Average loan size - $160

No collateral

Repayable in weekly installments over 1 year Eligibility for subsequent loan dependant on full

repayment of first loan Relies on peer pressure

Credit is not an advantage, it is a right of the poorest of society

C as e Study



G rameen Shakti

Mode - 1:1. The customer pays 15% of the total price as down payment.

2. The remaining 85% of the cost is paid within 36 months with12% service charge.

Mode - 2:1. The customer pays 25% of the total price as down payment.

2. The remaining 75% of the cost is paid within 24 months with 8% service charge.

Mode - 3:

4% discount is allowed in case of cash purchase.

SHS 13 w to 225 w

C as e Study



K enya Project

System Cost: $500Down payment: 50% + 25% on installationRepayment period: 6 monthsInterest rate: 0% if paid within 3 months

15% after 3 months

Non-payment: repossession if payment is not completewithin 6 months.

Energy Alternatives Africa, Kenya Rural Enterprise Program

C as e Study



S ri Lanka Project

Systems: 18 watt or 36 watt System Cost: $300 or $450Down payment: 10%Repayment period: 5 yearsInterest rate: 10%

A survey was undertaken to assess people s ability to pay Revolving f und seeded with international foundation money Individ uals are required to provide personal security from 2 other

society members.

Solar Electric Light F und, Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement

C as e S tudy



I ndon esia Project

Systems: 40 watt s

System Cost: $400Down payment: 35%Repayment period: 10 yearsInterest rate: 0%

Seed money from Indonesian government Before PV Villagers were spending $7 - $16 per month on oillamps for lighting.

SHS owners pay $8/month for the PV system 20,000 30,000 SHS systems in Indonesia

Indonesian Government, Dut ch PV company

C as e S tudy



H onduras Project Soluz Hond uras

System Sizes: 30 100 watt sSystem Cost s: $600 - $1500Repayment period: 12 monthsInterest: 3%

Installations done by Soluz Installation technicians. Customers are free topay the company to do the maintenance for them.

The customers are provided with a verbal explanation and printedmaterials to help them use the system properly.

The complete systems are provided with a 90-day warranty on allcomponents (including switches and lamps).

C as e S tudy



H onduras Project

Soluz Hond uras

System Sizes: 20 100 watt sSystem Cost s: Fee for ServiceMonthly Fees: $10 - $20

The ownership of PV systems is retained indefinitely by the company.However, the battery is the property of the customer.

Installations done by Soluz Installation technicians. Maintenance isdone by the company technicians.

The complete systems are provided with a 90-day warranty on allcomponents (including switches and lamps).

C as e S tudy



Designing a TrainingDesigning a Training

ProgramProgram NGO TrainingNGO Training

Technician TrainingTechnician Training

End End--User TrainingUser Training



TrainingTraining

Classroom TrainingClassroom Training

Install / Lab TrainingInstall / Lab Training

TroubleshootingTroubleshooting

MaintenanceMaintenance

Safety!!Safety!!

Real Life ExamplesReal Life Examples



Why is Training Key?Why is Training Key?



Securing F undingSecuring F unding

Solar Development GroupSolar Development Group

E & CoE & Co Rural Energy Enterprise Development Rural Energy Enterprise Development

Global Environmental FacilityGlobal Environmental Facility

Multilateral Development BanksMultilateral Development Banks FoundationsFoundations

ChurchesChurches



Case Studies Himalayan Light Foundation ² Nepal

Grupo Fenix ² Nicaragua Solar Electric Light Fund ² Africa, Haiti

WE CARE Solar ² Africa, Haiti

Cubasolar - Cuba



Himalayan Light FoundationHimalayan Light Foundation - -NepalNepal

TM



HELPHELPTMTM - - HomeHomeEmploymentEmployment

Lighting ProgramLighting Program

Villagers get a SHS, receiveskill training and then pay for

the cost of the SH

S ³inproducts´

leading to cash incomegeneration

HLF



HELPHELP ²² BenefitsBenefitsTM

Reaches the poorest of the poor

Brings RE and income generation into an integrated approachwith women¶s involvement.

Empowers Women by placing the ³power to electrify their families´ into their hands

Provides women with useful skill training.

Displaces the widespread use of expensive kerosene, smallbatteries and ³diyalo´ (fat wood) used for lighting.

Demonstrates an innovative financial development model for RE dissemination and income generation

Women¶s weaving workshop in community building, Jalpa



Rated as the best developmentproject in Nepal and among the top

20 in the world by UNDP



V illage women receiving training to make handbagsV illage women receiving training to make handbags



HELPHELP Intended Benefit sIntended Benefit s

Reaches the poorest of the poor by eliminating the need for assetcollateral develops and uses social collateral instead.

Brings RE and income generation into an integrated approach with

women¶s involvement.

Empowers Women by placing the ³power to electrify their families´into their hands

Community solar committees have women¶s participation and non-SHS owners as members

TM

Provides women with useful skill training and brings villagers intocommercial habits of work for benefits received.

To gradually displace the widespread use of expensive kerosene,

small batteries and ³diyalo´ (fat wood) used for lighting.

Demonstrates an innovative financial development model for RE dissemination and income generation encourages replication



HELPHELPTMTM P d tP d t



HELPHELPTMTM ProductsProducts

TM



Grupo FenixGrupo Fenix ²² Sabana Grande,Sabana Grande,

NicaraguaNicaragua PV ManufacturingPV Manufacturing

Solar CookersSolar Cookers

Land Mine SurvivorsLand Mine Survivors

Mujeres SolaresMujeres Solares

Tienda VerdeTienda Verde

MicroMicro- -LoansLoans



HistoryHistory PV FactoryPV Factory

1999 project to reintegrate1999 project to reintegratelandmine victimslandmine victims

Several members of Several members of Totogalpa trained and Totogalpa trained and community introd uced tocommunity introd uced tosolar energysolar energy

Construct and install PVConstruct and install PVpanelspanels

Fabricated and installed overFabricated and installed over500 panels500 panels



HistoryHistory Mujeres SolaresMujeres Solares

University st udent s brought solar ovens toUniversity st udent s brought solar ovens tocommunitycommunity

Women responded enthusiastically to the solar ovens Women responded enthusiastically to the solar ovens and organized around their useand organized around their use



Solar CenterSolar Center



Solar CenterSolar Center

Other accomplishment s at the Solar CenterOther accomplishment s at the Solar Center

Design and construction of a Clivus composting latrineDesign and construction of a Clivus composting latrine

Construction and installation of 15 PV panels totaling 900Construction and installation of 15 PV panels totaling 900watt swatt s

Installation of a Solar Water Pump and Wind GeneratorInstallation of a Solar Water Pump and Wind Generator



Green HoursGreen Hours

Each member receives credit s for theirEach member receives credit s for theirhours workedhours worked

Hours can be redeemed to purchase items Hours can be redeemed to purchase items donated to the groupdonated to the group

Green Hours have set value to the dollarGreen Hours have set value to the dollar

All donations are priced All donations are priced

Members have option of using hours or cash toMembers have option of using hours or cash topurchase donationspurchase donations

Income generated used to b uy items requested forIncome generated used to b uy items requested forthe next Green Storethe next Green Store



Green HoursGreen Hours

Successes of GreenSuccesses of GreenHours programHours program

Recognizes Recognizes dedication of dedication of membersmembers

Rewards members Rewards members for their workfor their work

Creates positiveCreates positivevenue for donationsvenue for donations

Revolving f und forRevolving f und forself suff iciencyself suff iciency



Nano LoansNano Loans

Members receive small, interest f ree loans f orMembers receive small, interest f ree loans f orimprovement of homesimprovement of homes

Fixed revolving fundFixed revolving fund

Repayment of loans comes directly f rom incomeRepayment of loans comes directly f rom incomeearned housing international visitorsearned housing international visitors



Secondary SchoolSecondary School

ScholarshipsScholarships

Def ray cost s associated with attendingsecondary school ($260 per year)

For children of members

MST goal is to maintain fund at $4,000enough f or 15 st udent s per year



Solar ProductsSolar Products

Agricult ural product s processed using Solar Cookers Agricult ural product s processed using Solar Cookers Product s developed f rom experimentation of SWTProduct s developed f rom experimentation of SWT

and volunteersand volunteers

Hygienic, improved nutritional value and organicHygienic, improved nutritional value and organic



Solar RestaurantSolar Restaurant

Demonstrate use of renewable energy inDemonstrate use of renewable energy inpreparation of healthy f oodpreparation of healthy f ood

Improved adobes, handmade PV panels,Improved adobes, handmade PV panels,solar box cookers, parabolic cookers, solarsolar box cookers, parabolic cookers, solardryers, biodigestor and fuel eff icient stovedryers, biodigestor and fuel eff icient stove

Organic ingredient s grown at Solar CenterOrganic ingredient s grown at Solar Centerand the communityand the community

Women directly involved in and superviseWomen directly involved in and superviseconstruction, promoting gender equalityconstruction, promoting gender equality



Organic AgricultureOrganic Agriculture

Demonstration of Demonstration of f easibility of organic f easibility of organic agricult ureagricult ure

Education of Education of community incommunity insustainable land usesustainable land usepracticespractices

Ref orestation of theRef orestation of thecommunitycommunity -- planted planted over 14,000 treesover 14,000 trees



We Care SolarWe Care Solar

Solar suit cases to improve women s maternal health care



LED Lamps for Deliveries and SurgeriesLED Headlamps ± battery chargingTwo Way Radio or cell phone charging



Improved CommunicationImproved Communication Immediate Contact Reduced Delays Patient Stat us Updates Less Ref errals Out

Improved LightingImproved Lighting Increased Visibility Increased Ease of

Procedures Increased Saf ety



CubaCuba ²² Health Care & EducationHealth Care & Education



Electrification of rural schoolsElectrification of rural schools

2,364 schools2,364 schools

25 Brigades installed systems and25 Brigades installed systems andtrained locals in maintenancetrained locals in maintenance

Teachers are in charge of Teachers are in charge of monitoring battery levelmonitoring battery level

Each school receives a maintenanceEach school receives a maintenancevisit every 90 daysvisit every 90 days

A minor repair shop in each territory A minor repair shop in each territory

A larger repair shop in each A larger repair shop in eachprovinceprovince

CubaCuba ²² Health Care & EducationHealth Care & Education



# students # schools

1 51



1 51

2 - 5 357

6 - 10 483

11 - 20 518

21 - 40 385

>40 180



T hank YouT hank You

renewable energy education for a sustainable future

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