renewable energy for sustainable development

8/14/2019 Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development

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Dr.A.JagadeeshHead, R&DCenter for Energy and Sustainable ResourcesR.M.K. Engineering College,Kavaraipettai601 206TAMILNADUINDIA

E-MAIL : [email protected]

Renewable Energy for Sustainable

Development

All India Seminar on

GREEN INITIATIVES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The Institution of Engineers (India)

Hydarabad

14-11-2013


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No Power is Costlier than no Power Dr.H.J.Bhabha


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The poor of the world cannot be helped

by mass production, only by production

by the masses. The system of massproduction, based on sophisticated,

highly capital-intensive, high energy-

input dependent, and human labour-saving

technology, presupposes that you are already rich,for a great deal of capital investment is needed to

establish one single workplace. The system of

production by the masses mobilises the pricelessresources which are possessed by all human beings,

their clever brains and skilful hands, and supports

them with first-class tools.
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First law of economics :

"The amount of real

leisure a society enjoys

tends to be in inverse

proportion to the

amount of labour-saving

machinery it employs."

Dr.E.F.Schumacher
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Modernise the Traditional-Traditionalise

the Modern

-Prof.Y.Nayudamma
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No Power is Costlier than No Power - Dr. H.J. Bhabha

Put the RENEWABLES to work: To get in-exhaustible,pollution free energy

which cannot bemisused.

You see things as they are and wonder why ? I dream of

things that never were and ask why not ?

- Robert F. Kennedy


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Solar Water Heater


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VERTICAL & CYLINDRICAL SOLAR WATER HEATER

Why solar water heaters

have not made muchheadway in India?

Is it the cost?

Can we think of alternatedesigns?

A simple,cost-effective solar

water heater utilizing locallyavailable material has been

designed and tested.


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Two vertical and cylindrical drums made ofstainless steel/copper of height 0.6 m and

diameter 32cm.

Polyethylene cover to simulate greenhouse effect.

A lotus shaped omni-directional stainless

steel reflector.A bamboo basket with rock wool and

polyethylene covering acts as insulator.

DESIGN DETAILS


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OPERATION

Water filled with potable water at 9 am.

Insulator covered over the collector at 4 pm.

Temperatures up to 70 degrees Celsius can be

obtained in south India

100 litre unit costs around US 135

(about Rs. 6000) in South India.


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ADVANTAGES:

The Unit is mobile and easy to install and

dismantle while transporting.

No necessity of cold water supply through

pipes.

No need for overhead storage tank to supply

cold water.

There is no need to have separate collector as it

is an integrated system.

Since the collector is made of stainless steel,

the hot water will be hygienic.


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Because of the omni-directional reflector, relatively higher

water temperatures are obtained even in moderate

sunshine.

The unit occupies less space being vertical and cylindrical,

on the ground or roof.

All the materials used in the fabrication of this simple andcost effective solar water heater are available locally.

The unit is durable except that the polyethylene cover has

to be replaced once in 4 months, which costs just Rs 30

(about US Cents 70).

By the usage of pre-heated water for cooking from

this unit, considerable fuel such as firewood, kerosene,

gas, electricity etc., can be conserved.


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Solar Drier


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SIMPLE SOLAR DRIER

Design Details:

Winnowing basket/Bambootray covered inside withblack rexin.

Holes provided on the sidesto avoid formation of watervapour and for circulation ofair.

Transparent High DensityPolyethylene cover providedon the top with Velcro foreasy handling.


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ADVANTAGES

The contents dry quickly.

The contents will be hygienic as they are

protected from dust because of

transparent cover.

The contents are free from bird menace like

crows as there is a thick covering.

When sudden rain comes, the contents

are protected because of the polyethylene

cover.

The units are light and easy to carry.


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All the materials used in the fabrication ofthese simple solar driers are available

locally and the units can be fabricatedlocally.

Fabrication of these simple units generates

local employment.

The smaller unit costs Rs 70(about 1.2 US $)and the bigger Unit Rs 200(about 4US $ ).


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CONSERVATION OF ELECTRICITY IN ELECTRICPUMPSETS

Considerable losses in the exit side of electricpump sets.

A low angled (10 degrees) cone metallic, 1 foot

long fitted at the exit of the delivery pipe.

5 to 9% energy saving has been found out in 50cases.

In India about 90 lakh (9 million) electric pumpsetsin operation in addition to lakhs of diesel sets.


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ENERGY CONSERVATION IN PUMPSETS


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At the Electric pumpset site a tank of length 2 m,width 1m and height 1 m is a common sight in

India. Cant this head be utilized ?

From the outlet the water flows by gravitationonly.

A micro hydro generator with a pelton wheel, alow RPM generator and pulleys are fixed to astand.

A diode to arrest the reverse flow of current is

included.

The unit costs about Rs 4000(about US $ 80) andcan be fabricated locally.

The unit can be utilized to charge about 3 leadacid car batteries in parallel.

MICRO HYDRO DEVICE FOR LOW HEADS


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MICRO HYDRO DEVICE FOR LOW HEADS


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Evaporation produces cooling

Two canvas bags filled with potablewater and placed before a tablefan(pedestral).

Water gets cooled and can be taken

away for drinking purposes.Room also gets cooled

If more water required for housesand restaurants, number of

canvas bags placed in semi-circularway

And the pedestral fan put incircular motion.

The canvas bag each costs Rs.25(50 US Cents).

AIR CUM WATER COOLER


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Electric Washing Machine

PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE


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Galvanised Iron box of 38 by 38 by 61 cm

dimensions.

Outside aluminium wheel and inside fibre glasswheel.

Inside portion of the box made curvature to facilitate

centrifugal motion.The box provided with a pipe to drain out the water.

The box mounted on the sewing machine stand andconnected by the rope for pedaling.

If not in use the sewing machine can be put back onthe stand.

The unit costs about Rs 500(US $ 10) except the

sewing machine stand.

PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE


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The unit is cost-effective.

The unit is mobile.The fabrication of the unit will generate local

employment.

The unit helps to conserve energy.

Men and women are already accustomed tooperating sewing machines, and the operationof this pedal-operated washing machine is not

strenuous.The life of the clothing is extended compared

to hammering it on stone.

Operating of the machine provides exercise.

ADVANTAGES

HAND OPERATED BATTERY CHARGER


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HAND OPERATED BATTERY CHARGER

Solar Electric modules are used to

charge batteries for a television and lightWind battery chargers are in wide use in

Mangolia.

Solar /Wind battery charger(about 100 W capacity) costs about

Rs 30,000 (US $ 640) in India.

Wind and Solar are intermittent.

Abundant manpower available in

countries like India.


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DESIGN DETAILS

Bicycle wheel, low RPM generator that is mounted

on a frame and driven by V-belt.

There is a handle attached to the system

A blocking diode to prevent reverse flow of

current.

OPERATION


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OPERATION:

Three 12 volt lead-acid batteries are

connected in parallel and then to the batterycharger.

By rotating the wheel for six hours, the

batteries can be charged.Since many of the sewing machines are hand

operated in Northern India, people arefamiliar with this sort of system.

Compared to pedaling system, one can useboth the hands alternatively to rotate thewheel.

ADVANTAGES


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The whole unit weighs about 6 Kg and is mobileit can becarried on the back.

It provides employment to rural people.

The unit is easy to fabricate, even in rural workshops.

In most countries, generators are available, and if not, theycan be imported. Many countries exempt renewable energyequipment and generators from customs duty. Alternatively

automobile generators can be used by changing thewindings.

The Unit is inexpensiveit costs about Rs 7000( about US $ 150).

It can be operated with either hand.

It occupies little space.

Women,as well as children, can operate the system.

ADVANTAGES


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Impure water is the root cause for many diseases

in Africa,Latin America and Asia.

Solar Dis-infection method uses the sunsultraviolet radiation(UV) to improve themicrobiological

Quality of drinking water synergies induced byradiation and thermal treatment have a significant

effect on the die-off rate of microorganisms.

A simple Solar Dis-infection system utilizing localmaterial is designed for developing countries.

EVERYBODYS JAGA SODIS

DESIGN DETAILS


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36 cm length, 30 cm breadth and 5 cm depth woodenframes(2) with corrugated Galvanised Iron sheet are

made with folding arrangement. The corrugated GI sheetis coated with black colour for greater absorption of sunlight. The planks are provided with a movable stand onthe back so that the system can be oriented south facing

suiting to the latitude of the place for optimum utilizationof sun shine.The system is provided with a hook andhandle to carry it anywhere.

To increase the temperature a bamboo basket of 1 mdiameter (concave shaped) is covered with tinfoil sheetfor reflection and concentration of sunlight. The systemis placed at the center of the basket.

DESIGN DETAILS


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OPERATION

Glass bottles(clear) are cleaned and water is

put into them up to 75% and shaken well for 20seconds. Solar dis-infection is more efficient inwater containing high levels of oxygen. Shakingthe bottles could increase oxygen levels. Onreacting with water, sunlight produces highlyreactive forms of oxygen. These reactive forms ofoxygen kill the microorganisms. Then the bottles

are filled with water to the full. The bottles areplaced in sunlight for 6 hours and taken to a coolplace for use.


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If the water is turbid, paste from the seed of

Nirmal (strychnos potatorum linn) can be used to

clear the turbidity and then the clear water used

for solar disinfection.

One can put the Tulasi leaves(Ocimum Sanctum)

in the solar disinfected water for preservation and

to provide flavour.


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ADVANTAGES

The Unit costs about Rs 500(about US $ 11) and as such

available to everybody.

All the materials in the fabrication of the unit are

available locally.

The unit is mobile.

The unit is modular

Production of units at local level generates employment

in rural areas of the developing countries.

The unit is expected to be a boon for developing

countries rural populations in providing potable

water.


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SET 1:

First Picture:Jaga SODIS without Reflector with glass bottles.Second Picture:Glass Bottles in Jaga SODIS with Concave ShapedBamboo Reflector with Aluminium Foil.

Third Picture:Jaga SODIS With Staiunless Steel Reflector.

BY THE USAGE OF REFLECTORS, THE LIGHTINTENSITY INCREASES BY A FACTOR OF FOUR.

THE PET BOTTLES MELT IN HIGH AMBIENTTEMPERATURES(AROUND 45 Degrees Celsius). TheGlass bottles withstand temperatures upto 80 degreecelsius. One can get pasturisation temperatures withGlass Bottles and reflectors.


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Innovative Solar Disinfection System


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Innovative Solar Disinfection System large


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Abraham Lincoln Foresaw Age of Wind Power

You know who predicted the age of wind power? Abraham Lincoln, thats who.
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A New York Times article dated Nov. 22, 1936, quotes from a lecture titledDiscoveries and InventionsLincoln gave in 1860, before he becamepresident. Heres the relevant part:

Of all the forces of nature, I should think the windcontains the largest amount of motive power Take anygiven space of the earths surface, for instance, Illinois,

and all the power exerted by all the men, beasts, runningwater and steam over and upon it shall not equal the

100th part of what is exerted by the blowing of the windover and upon the same place. And yet it has not, so farin the worlds history, become properly valued as motive

power. It is applied extensively and advantageously to

sail vessels in navigation. Add to this a few windmills andpumps and you have about all.As yet the wind is an untamed, unharnessed force, andquite possibly one of the greatest discoveries hereafter tobe made will be the taming and harnessing of it.


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Offshore Wind Farms


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Biogas Power Plant


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Power from Biogas Plant with input Opuntia


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Biofuel from Agave


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Energy from Waste

CLAY COVERS TO REDUCE ROOF HEATING


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C CO S O UC OO G

MULTIPLE USES OF PERISCOPE


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MULTIPLE USES OF PERISCOPE

CAP TO BEAT HEAT


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Innovative Fan


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Innovative FanIt is an age-old practice to use hand fans (Made of Palmaria Leaf). It

will be turned in horizontal way by holding it with hand. The air weget is gentle, as it wont recirculate in a circular motion in the case

of Table Fan.

Here I used the motor of the WIPER and fixed a plastic fan withsome weight. I use an inverter to use it with AC. Alternatively One

can use small batteries to drive it when power is off. Many people in

offices put the Ceiling Fan/Table Fan/Pedestal Fan in slow motion.

In such cases this novel fan will be very useful. Moreover one can

put ones own design as hand fan. It costs around Rs 500(about

US$10) in South India.


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MULTI PURPOSE GAS STOVE


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Lakhs of small hotel people use gas stoves to prepare

coffee/tea. They use separate boiler to heat water for

cleaning the glasses. Thus there are two arrangements,

one for cooking and another for boiling water. Household

women also need hot water for cleaning the utensils and

washing hands.A multi purpose gas stove has been designed and tested.

A small storage system for water will be put at an

elevated place on a stand. There will be a small cross

section copper tube which will be attached to the storage

system(Alternatively the copper tube is attached to a

water tap if there is one with pressurized water). The

copper tube wounds around the stove burners

MULTI PURPOSE GAS STOVE


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and there will be outlets to takeout hot water from each

copper tube around the burners separately with tap

system (left side of the stove). The copper tubesconnected to the water tank can be separated while

moving the stove from place to place. Here the copper

tube utilizes part of the heat that touches the plate of the

stove. In this some energy which goes as waste (heating

the surface of the stove) is utilized to produce hot water

for cleaning. This is a clear case of energy conservat ion .

By having larger tank one can get hot water for bathingalso. This sys tem can be adopted in the case of biogas

stove also. Especially in cold regions, it will be a boon in

supplying hot water. This system costs around Rs 350/-

(about US$ 8) except the stove. It finds extensive use in


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MULTIPLE USE GAS STOVE

MULTIPLE USE GAS STOVE SIDE VIEW


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MULTIPLE USE GAS STOVE SIDE VIEW


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KITCHEN WITH BIOGAS STOVE


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But small is powerless, we're used to thinking. Well, atoms are

small. So are viruses.

"If you think you are too small to make a difference, try

sleeping with a mosquito."-- the Dalai Lama

Five ways to improve affordability. First, easy payments in


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y p y , y p y

instalments (which have revolutionised rural sales of TVs,

cellphones, two-wheelers and houses). Second, dramatic cost-cutting

(some goods and services in India cost just 2-10% of the US cost).

Third, goods in small rather than large packings (e.g., shampoo in

sachets instead of bottles).

Fourth, pay-by-use (paying Rs 20 for internet use at an e-cafinstead of buying a computer). Fifth, direct distribution, cutting out

intermediaries (e.g., ITC buying directly from farmers at e-choupals,

and selling to them directly through Choupal Sagar shops

Dr.C.K.Prahalad


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MODERNISE THE TRADITIONALTRADITIONALISE THE MODERN.

SCIENCE TO SERVE SOCIETYSOCIETY TOSUPPORT SCIENCE.

A T

ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY AFFORDABLE TECHNOLOGY

ADAPTABLE TECHNOLOGY

ACCEPTABLE TECHNOLOGY

ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGY


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KISS PRINCIPLE

KEEP IT S IMPLE SIR

ANYBODY CAN MAKE THINGS


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COMPLICATED BUT IT REQUIRES A

GENIUS TO MAKE THINGS SIMPLE

ALBERT EINSTEIN


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Put the RENEWABLES to WORK: Toget in exhaustible, Pollution FreeEnergy which cannot be misused.

THANK YOU


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THANK YOU

renewable energy for sustainable development

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