Renaissance Renaissance PoliticsPoliticsCity-States ruled by City-States ruled by wealthy oligarchieswealthy oligarchies

Only small Only small percentage of percentage of citizens had right to citizens had right to votevote

Venice, Siena and Venice, Siena and Florence among the Florence among the most stable most stable republicsrepublics

Milan became a Milan became a hereditary despotismhereditary despotism

first ruled by the first ruled by the Visconti family and Visconti family and later the Sforzalater the Sforza

Condottieri played key Condottieri played key role in political and role in political and military affairsmilitary affairs

Venice and Florence Venice and Florence often combined to often combined to contain the power of contain the power of MilanMilan

economic decline economic decline of the city-states of the city-states in the fifteenth in the fifteenth centurycentury

Constantinople Constantinople captured by Turks captured by Turks in 1453in 1453

trade of Genoa trade of Genoa impactedimpacted

Faced with threats Faced with threats from the French and from the French and Turks city-states Turks city-states signed Peace of Lodi signed Peace of Lodi in 1454in 1454

By end of century, By end of century, however, France and however, France and Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire were able to exploit were able to exploit growing divisions growing divisions among city-statesamong city-states

Medici driven from Medici driven from Florence in 1494Florence in 1494

Savonarola replaced Savonarola replaced MediciMedici

his criticism of church and his criticism of church and papacy led to his downfall papacy led to his downfall and execution in 1498and execution in 1498

with approval of Pope with approval of Pope Alexander VI (Borgia) the Alexander VI (Borgia) the French once again French once again invaded invaded

Julius II ( warrior pope) Julius II ( warrior pope) drove the Borgia family drove the Borgia family out of Romeout of Rome

Alexander VI Alexander VI children children included included Cesare Borgia Cesare Borgia and Lucretia and Lucretia BorgiaBorgia

period of period of great great decadence in decadence in leadership of leadership of churchchurch

Against a background of Against a background of conflict between city-conflict between city-states and foreign states and foreign invasions Niccolo invasions Niccolo Machiavelli encouraged Machiavelli encouraged the adoption of strong the adoption of strong governmentgovernment

the state must impose the state must impose order by military forceorder by military force

the end justifies the the end justifies the means?means?

first half of first half of sixteenth sixteenth century a century a period of period of power struggle power struggle between between France and France and Holy Roman Holy Roman EmpireEmpire

in 1527 HRE in 1527 HRE Charles V Charles V mercenaries mercenaries sacked Romesacked Rome

the Sack of the Sack of Rome marked Rome marked the closing the closing years of the years of the Italian Italian RenaissanceRenaissance

a more sober, a more sober, pessimistic tone pessimistic tone reflected in reflected in artistic worksartistic works

Royal authority Royal authority asserted in asserted in Spain, England Spain, England and Franceand France

Taxes, Taxes, administration, administration, justice, military justice, military - areas where - areas where monarchs monarchs increased their increased their powerpower

New MonarchiesNew Monarchies

Henry VII - Henry VII - First Tudor First Tudor monarchmonarch

Ferdinand Ferdinand and Isabellaand Isabella

Francis - Francis - ValoisValois

Germany remained Germany remained divided into many divided into many large and small large and small statesstates

HRE elected by HRE elected by Seven Electors - Seven Electors - Hapsburg family Hapsburg family dominated politics dominated politics in German statesin German states

Hapsburg lands Hapsburg lands came to encompass came to encompass Spain, Austria, Low Spain, Austria, Low Countries and New Countries and New World territoriesWorld territories