reliable energy production during the winter...

Reliable Energy Production During The Winter Months

Katharina Roloff – Winterwind Skellefteå – Feb. 7th, 2017

© Copyright ENERCON GmbH. All rights reserved. Katharina Roloff I ENERCON R&D 2

INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY ACCORDING TO COUNTRY


1 ICING RELATED INNOVATIONS Cold Climate Package

Ice Detection

Rotor Blade Heating System

Power Consumption Management

Ice Throw Modelling

2 OPERATION OF WIND FARMS UNDER ICING CONDITIONS Low Temperature Operation

IEA Ice Classification

Efficiency of Blade Heating

Power Consumption Management Example

AGENDA


1 I COLD CLIMATE PACKAGE FOR LOW TEMPERATURE CLIMATEs

ENERCON turbines are able to produce energy down to temperatures of -40°C

Turbines in “Standard Climate” version have a decreased maximum power P for temperatures below -15°C.

With “Cold Climate” adjustments the rated power Pmax can be reached until -30°C.

COLD CLIMATE SITE Site with more than nine days per year with temperatures below -20°C for at least one hour or yearly average temperature below 0°C

0

25

50

75

100

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20

Pow

er [%

Pm

ax]

Temperature [°C]

Standard ClimateCold Climate


1 I DETECTING ICE USING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

For detecting ice on ENERCON turbines, deviations from characteristic curves are monitored for temperatures below 2°C. GREEN GRAPH – POWER CURVE METHOD Deviations from the power curve compared to the current wind speed are detected and registered as ice on the rotor blades. PINK GRAPH – BLADE ANGLE METHOD Deviations from the blade angle curve compared to the current wind speed are detected and registered as ice.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 5 10 15 20 25

BLA

DE

AN

GLE

POW

ER

WIND SPEED AT HUB HEIGHT [M/S]


1 I USING HOT AIR FOR DE-ICING THE ROTOR BLADES

The Rotor Blade Heating System (RBHS) consists of two main parts, a heater

and a fan which are both located at the blade flange. The heating elements heat

up the air to a maximum of 72°C inside the leading edge chamber and the fan

distributes it down to the blade tip. • FIRST PROTOTYPE: 1996 on an E-40 turbine

• NUMBER OF SOLD RBHS: more than 1.700

• ACTIVATION MODES: automatically or manually

• OPERATIONAL MODES: heating during turbine in operation

heating during turbine at standstill


SCADA software is limiting maximum power consumption of RBHS within the wind farm

Target: • Prevent RBHS consumption out of electrical grid (expensive)

Advantages: • Control and limit peak power consumption • Avoid associated penalties from grid operator (e. g. consumption

for RBHS during icing period and lack of wind)

Procedure: • cascaded switch on of single turbines according to available

wind farm internal power production

1 I OPTIMIZED POWER CONSUMPTION


A tool has been developed for modelling the risk of ice fall around the turbine.

It can be used for different safety measures: Planning the layout Identifying a safe radius around the turbine Developing a wind direction dependent turbine control Identifying the least risky direction to approach the turbine

1 I CALCULATING RISK OF ICE FALL


1 ICING RELATED INNOVATIONS Cold Climate Package

Ice Detection

Rotor Blade Heating System

Power Consumption Management

Ice Throw Modelling

2 OPERATION OF WIND FARMS UNDER ICING CONDITIONS Low Temperature Operation

IEA Ice Classification

Efficiency of Blade Heating

Power Consumption Management Example

AGENDA


2 I LOW TEMPERATURE OPERATION – GREEN MINING

Pictures taken from ecoENERGY Innovation Initiative Demonstration Component, Project: GC 128296, Public Report

LOCATION: TURBINE TYPE: COMPONENTS:

Northern Quebec 73° Northern Latitude ENERCON E-82 E4 3 MW rated power 78 m hub height Steel tower Cold Climate Package Blade Heating System

CONCEPT: This Project aimed to set a new landmark in renewable energy penetration of diesel autonomous grids, by coupling leading-edge storage technologies and an advanced controller to an Arctic- grade wind turbine, at a Canadian Arctic mine location.


2 I LOW TEMPERATURE OPERATION – COLD CLIMATE ENERGY OUTPUT

Production reduction from -15°C without the cold climate package Maximum production down to -30°C with the cold climate package

The site in CANADA produces 45 % of AEP at temperatures below -15°C.


2 I IEA ICE CLASSIFICATION FOR SITES WITH ICING RISK

IEA ICE CLASS (no.)

METEOROLOGICAL

ICING (% of year)

INSTRUMENTAL

ICING (% of year)

PRODUCTION LOSS

(TURBINE WITHOUT RBHS) (% of AEP)

5 > 10 > 20 > 20

4 5 - 10 10 - 30 10 - 25

3 3 - 5 6 - 15 3 - 12

2 0.5 - 3 1 - 9 0.5 - 5

1 0 - 0.5 < 1.5 0 - 0.5

This ice classification was developed by IEA Wind Task 19 expert group. METEOROLOGICAL ICING: The atmosphere contains super-cooled cloud droplets leading to an active ice growth. INSTRUMENTAL ICING: Ice accretions on structures persist as long as the temperature is below 0°C.

Source: IEA Wind Task 19 report from July 2016


2 I EFFICIENCY OF THE ROTOR BLADE HEATING SYSTEM

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

unheated heated

AEP

/ M

Wh

NUTTBY (CA)

4 % 0,5 %

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

unheated heated

AEP

/ M

Wh

MOLAU (DE)

4 % 0,3 %

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

unheated heated

AEP

/ M

Wh

DRAGALIDEN (SE)

3 % 15 %

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

unheated heated

AEP

/ M

Wh

10 % 3 %

KRYSTOFOVY HAMRY (CZ)

AEP ICING LOSSES

(incl. RBHS consumption for heated turbines)


2 I IEA ICE CLASSIFICATION FOR SITES WITH ICING RISK

* Proved by Meteotest, external consultant from Switzerland

IEA ICE CLASS (no.)

METEOROLOGICAL ICING

(% of year)

INSTRUMENTAL ICING

(% of year)

PRODUCTION LOSS (TURBINE WITHOUT

RBHS) (% of AEP)

PRODUCTION LOSS (TURBINE WITH EC RBHS,

CONSUMPTION INCL.) (% of AEP)

VALIDATION (Site)

5 > 10 > 20 > 20 > 4 -

4 5 - 10 10 - 30 10 - 25 1.5 - 5 Krystofovy Hamry (CZ)* Dragaliden (SE)* Gabrielsberget (SE)

3 3 - 5 6 - 15 3 - 12 0.5 - 3 St. Brais (CH) Nuttby (CA)

2 0,5 - 3 1 - 9 0.5 - 5 0 - 1.5 Molau (DE)*

1 0 - 0.5 < 1.5 0 - 0.5 < 0.5 -


10 E-115 turbines 10 x blade heating (225 kW)

2 I POWER CONSUMPTION MANAGEMENT


2 I WORST CASE SCENARIO

Peak power: 10 x 225 kW = 2250 kW

Running None

Standstill All

Heating All


2 I POWER CONSUMPTION LIMITED TO 450 kW – STEP 1

External power consumtion: 450 kW

Running None

Standstill All

Heating 2



Running 2

Standstill 8

Heating 8




Running All

Standstill None

Heating None



2 I POWER CONSUMPTION MANAGEMENT

SCENARIO

PEAK POWER

PRICE PER kW (Peak Power) COST PER YEAR

Worst Case 2250 kW 10.62 €* 23 900 €

With Power Consumption Management

450 kW 10.62 €* 4 800 €

Fees saved with the power consumption management: 19 100 €

* Example from Germany


With the cold climate package, the technology of the turbines are adjusted to survive harsh weather conditions.

Well-proven ice detection system using the power curve is available for all turbine types.

The Enercon RBHS uses a hot air system, heating the turbine blades from the inside. The production gain due to the Enercon RBHS has been calculated leading to an extension of the IEA icing table with production losses with RBHS installed.

The „Power consumption management“ limits the power consumption of the wind park, in order to ensure net stability and avoid unnecessary fees.

Enercon has a new tool for calculating the risk of ice fall around a turbine or a wind farm.

Summary

Antartica


Thank you for your attention!

June 2006: Mawson Base, Antarctica © Arno Hildebrand, WRD GmbH ENERCON GmbH | Dreekamp 5 | D-26605 Aurich Telefon: +49 4941 927-0 | Fax: +49 4941 927-109


Impressum

Document ID D0221588-6 Note Translation

Date Language DCC Plant / Department yyyy-mm-dd <iso-code> <DCC> or -- <plant / department>

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Dokumentinformation

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