Reformation Ideas Spread

Section 13.4pp. 428-433

Catherine of Aragon Anne BoleynHenry VIII of England

An Explosion of Protestant Sects

• Anabaptists – Protestant sect that rejected baptizing infants– Some were radical and violent– Some supported religious toleration and

separation of church and state

The English Reformation

• Henry VIII Wants an Annulment– Married Catherine of Aragon and

produced one child, Mary Tudor.

– Asked Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage• Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn and

produce a male heir• Pope stalled for 7 years and finally

denied annulment

Pope Clement VII

Holy Roman EmperorCharles VI

The English Reformation

• Breaking With the Church – Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534• Declared the king was the head of the Church in

England

– Thomas Cranmer appointed leader of the C.O.E. and granted Henry’s divorce

– Henry married Anne Boleyn and had another daughter, Elizabeth.

The English Reformation

• Strengthening the Church of England – Many Catholics who opposed the Act of

Supremacy were tried for treason and executed– The English government seized wealth and land

owned by Catholic churches and monasteries – Still, the Church of England resembled the Catholic

Church in its religious beliefs and practices

The English Reformation

• Religious Turmoil – After he died in 1547, Henry

was succeeded by his son Edward VI, a Protestant

– Protestant advisors to Edward take steps to make England more Protestant

– After Edward died, Mary Tudor, a Catholic became Queen. She executed many Protestants and became known as “Bloody Mary” Queen Mary I

The English Reformation

• The Elizabethan Settlement– Elizabeth, a moderate

Protestant, became Queen in 1558 after Mary’s death

– She made compromised between Catholicism and radical Protestants in the Church of England

– Under her reign, England was unified and powerful

Queen Elizabeth I

The Catholic Reformation

• The Council of Trent (1545) – Reaffirmed Catholic teachings• Salvation comes from faith and good works• The Bible isn’t the sole source of truth

– Took steps to end abuses in the Church• Stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption • Better educated clergy who could defend faith• Forbid sale of indulgences

The Catholic Reformation

• The Inquisition – Church court

established to investigate heresy

– Used secret testimony and torture

The Catholic Reformation

• Ignatius of Loyola– Founded Jesuit Order• Combated Heresy • Spread Catholic Faith • Disciplined, Well- Trained, and

Obedient

– Jesuits Fought the Reformation• Became Advisors to Monarchs• Created Religious Schools • Became Missionaries

Ignatius of Loyola