ref fundas
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Refrigeration Cycles - Page 1
ME 200 – Thermodynamics 1
Chapter 10 In-Class Notesfor Spring 2004
Lectures 42 and 43
Vapor Refrigeration Cycles
Refrigeration Cycles
• Carnot Vapor Refrigeration Cycles
• Vapor Compression Cycle
• Working fluid is vaporized & condensed
during cycle
• Working fluid is termed the refrigerant
• Refrigeration cycle can provide cooling
(air conditioning and refrigeration) or heating (heat pump)
• Refrigeration cycle can be “powered” by
work or heat input, but we’ll focus on
work driven cycles
Refrigeration Cycles - Page 2
Cooling vs. Heating
Some Definitions
• Cooling Capacity: maximum rate of heat removal
from the refrigerated space by refrigerator
• Heating Capacity: maximum rate of heat addition
to heated space by heat pump• 1 ton of Refrigeration: capacity of a refrigerator
that can freeze 1 ton of water in 24 hours (12,000
Btu/hr, 211 KJ/min)
innet
L R
W
Q
COP ,
=
innet
H HP
W
QCOP
,
=
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Refrigeration Cycles - Page 3
Carnot Vapor Refrigeration Cycle
Implementation Issues
• Difficult to compressor and expand a 2-phase
mixture
• Need temperature differences between source
and evaporator and between condenser and sink
All processes aretotally reversible
Refrigeration Cycles - Page 4
Ideal Vapor Compression Refrigeration
• Replace turbine with throttling device
• Compressor operates with superheated vapor
• Ideal compressor is reversible & adiabatic
• Irreversibilities associated with throttle and finite
temperature differences for heat transfer
• Basis for most air conditioners, refrigerators,dehumidifiers, and heat pumps
• Common refrigerants are R134a for refrigerators,
R22 and R410a for air conditioners
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Refrigeration Cycles - Page 5
Domestic Refrigerator
12
41
hh
hh
W
QCOP
in
L R
−
−==
T
s
2
1
3
4
Tcond
Tevap
TH
TL
subcooling
∆Tsc
superheat: ∆Tsh
More Realistic Behavior
Refrigeration Cycles - Page 6
Refrigeration Cycle Analysis
Typical Assumptions
• specified evaporating (Tevap) and condensing (Tcond)
temperatures
• specified superheat into compressor (0 for ideal cycle)
• specified subcooling out of condenser (0 for ideal cycle)
• constant pressure throughout heat exchangers
• negligible ke and pe changes for all components
• adiabatic throttling valve
• adiabatic compressor with specified isentropic efficiency
(100% efficient for ideal cycle)
Compressor Inlet State
P1 = Pevap h1 = hg @ Tevap
Pevap = Psat @ Tevap
Compressor Outlet State
P2 = Pcond
Pcond = Psat @ Tcond
h2s
= h @ P2
& s2
= s1
C
s hhhh
η
)( 12
12
−+=
s
T 2
Tcond
Tevap
P
1
2s
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Refrigeration Cycles - Page 7
Refrigeration Cycle Analysis
Condenser Outlet State
P3 = Pcond
h3 = hf @ Tcond
Evaporator Inlet State
P4 = Pevap h4 = h3
Coefficient of Performance
P
h
3
4
Pcond
Pevap
P
h
23
4 1
Pcond
PevapCOP h h
h h=
refrigerating effect
specific work
1 4
2 1
−
−
678
123
T
s
2
Tcond
Tevap
TH
TL
3
4 1
Comparison to Carnot
Refrigeration Cycles - Page 8
Vapor Compression Cycle Example
Given: Household Freezer Tinside = 0 F, Troom = 80 F
Tevap = -15 F, Tcond = 95 F
Find: COPR for a) Carnot Cycle, b) Ideal Vapor
Compression Cycle, c) Vapor Compression
Cycle with ηC = 0.8, 5 F of superheat, 5 F of
subcooling
Refrigerant flow rate and compressor power
for part (c) with a cooling capacity of 0.25
tons
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Refrigeration Cycles - Page 11 Refrigeration Cycles - Page 12