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REDD+ in Brazil Thelma Krug
[email protected] Ins=tuto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais -‐ INPE
Le=cia Guimarães Ministério do Meio Ambiente
Brasil
Joint FAO-‐IPCC-‐IFAD Expert Mee=ng: Emerging Ac=vi=es to Combat Climate Change FAO, Rome, 13-‐14 November 2014
MITIGATION OPTIONS IN THE AFOLU SECTOR
RELEVANT DECISIONS OF THE UNFCCC ON REDD+
Decision 1/CP.16 –Cancun Agreements
FREL under the UNFCCC
Decision 4/CP.15 • Establishment of the FRELs/FRLs – transparent, taking into account historical data, adjusted to the naLonal circumstances
– use of the IPCC Guidelines, adopted or encouraged Decision 12/CP.17 – stepwise approach – improvement of the FREL to incorporate beQer data, improved methodologies, addiLonal pools.
– consistency with the latest naLonal GHG inventory
Guidelines for Submission of InformaLon on FREL/FRLs Annex to Decision 12/CP.17
Summary • AcLviLes Included in the FREL: Reducing Emissions from (gross) Deforesta8on
(RED)
• Gases Included: CO2
• Scale: sub-‐na8onal (Amazonia biome) transi8oning to na8onal
• Pools Included: living biomass (above and below-‐ground) and li>er
• Pools not Included (not significant): dead wood; and soil organic carbon (mineral and organic soils)
– Most significant conversion of Forest Land : Grassland (NaLonal Inventory, TerraClass)
• Literature review: in general, loss of carbon in the first few years post-‐conversion followed by the total recovery of the carbon in the organic soil.
• Dead Wood: part of a natural process. Timing of emissions is different.
BRAZIL´S FREL SUBMISSION TO THE UNFCCC
Brazilian Biomes
REDD+ approach by biome, starLng with the Amazonia biome and RED and transiLoning to other biomes, possibly to other REDD+ acLviLes, pools, and gases
Sector Emissions Profile and RelaLve ContribuLon of the Brazilian Biomes to LULUCF
Scale of REDD+ AcLviLes Emerging approaches to Forest Reference Emission Levels and/or Forest Reference Levels for REDD+, UN-‐REDD, October 2014
Annexes • Annex 1: Addi=onal informa=on about the forest reference
emission level for reducing emissions from deforesta=on in the Amazonia biome – I. PRODES: Amazonian Gross Deforesta=on Monitoring Project
– II. PPCDAm: Ac=on Plan for the Preven=on and Control of Deforesta=on in the Legal Amazonia
• Annex 2: Example to increase transparency – I. Example of the calcula=on of the adjusted deforesta=on increment – II. Example of the carcula=on of the carbon density associated with a
forest type
• Annex 3: – I. Degrada=on in the Amazonia biome (selec=ve logging)
Annexes
• Annex IV – The Development of FREL´s for other Biomes – I From Subna=onal to Na=onal
– II Deforesta=on and degrada=on in the Cerrado biome – III Enhancement of carbon stocks in the Atlan=c Forest biome
Types of FREL/FRLs (Brazil´s approach)
Legal Amazonia and Amazonia Biome
Landsat Coverage of Legal Amazonia
Legal Amazonia – State Boundaries
Gross DeforestaLon Monitoring at INPE: the importance of consistency and transparency
Emission Factor: Carbon map
• Ground data (forest type, Circumference at Breast Height (CBH), height) from RADAMBRASIL Project
Allometric EquaLon (1)
• Use of allometric equaLon by Higuchi et al (1998)
Allometric EquaLon (2)
Allometric EquaLon (3)
Allometric EquaLon (4)
NaLonally Specific Emission Factors Modeling the spaLal and temporal heterogeneity of deforestaLon-‐driven carbon emissions: the INPE-‐EM framework applied to the Brazilian Amazon
Proposed FREL for the Amazonia Biome
Steps for EsLmaLng the Annual CO2 Emissions
Annual Area Deforested and Associated CO2 Emissions
Analogical and Digital Data
Analogical PRODES Digital PRODES
Challenges
• Addressing forest degradaLon (definiLon, processes, esLmaLon of carbon stock changes)
• Improving our understanding of emissions from fire and its dynamics
• Monitoring deforestaLon increments smaller than 6.25 hectares
• Improving the carbon map
Next Steps
• RED for other biomes: Cerrado is the next priority
• Moving to the REDD (Amazonia biome)
• IncorporaLng other pools (mineral soil, dead wood?)
• IncorporaLng other gases (CH4, N2O, ... from biomass burning?)
• Moving to the + in REDD+? (e.g., Enhancement of forest carbon stocks – AtlanLc Forest)
THANKS... GRAZIE... OBRIGADA... DANKE... GRACIAS...
Brazil´s Soil ClassificaLon