social and political dimensions of redd+ financing, mrv and benefit distribution across levels in...
DESCRIPTION
This presentation by Maria Fernanda Gebara from CIFOR shows how exactly REDD+ financing in Brazil works, focusing on the National Strategy Objectives, national and sub-national financing mechanisms, the Green Climate Fund, the monitoring & reporting aspect and how verification & performance works. Also she explains how benefits can be shared and what conclusions can be drawn from all of this.TRANSCRIPT
Social and political dimensions of REDD+ financing, MRV and benefit distribution
across levels in Brazil
Maria Fernanda GebaraPhd CandidateFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro [email protected]
THINKING beyond the canopy
Bolsa Floresta Program
PPCerrado
REDD+ in Brazil
2003
“Compensated Reduction”
PPCDAM
2006
Voluntary Regime
2007
Zero Deforestation
Pact
2008
JUMA Amazon Fund
2009 2010 2011
National Plan for Climate Change
Governors Forum
National Policy for Climate Change
NAMAs
“Principle and Criteria”
WGs
Sub-national Initiatives
REDD+ and PES
Bills
More than 50 projects
Brazil and REDD+ - Timeline
FIP
ABC Plan2012 2013
States Task Force
FIP Investment
Plan
EN-REDD+ 1st draft
Bolsa Verde Program
Interministerial WG for REDD+
Safeguard System
Forest Code
Bonn Proposal
THINKING beyond the canopy
National Strategy
Objectives:
Reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation by 2020, according to the actions established in PNMC;
Achieve zero net deforestation in 2020;
Maintain and restore ecosystem services and other functions of forest ecosystems; and
Promote the sustainable development of the regions with predominance of forests.
THINKING beyond the canopy
Financial Mechanisms
National Level
Amazon Fund Decree 6527/2008
National Climate Fund Law 12.114/2009
Sub- National Level
States Climate FundsE.g.: State of Amazonas Fund
Other: FUNBIO (1996)
Norway
KFW
Petrobrás
Coca-Cola Marriot Bradesco
GEF Amazon Fund etc.
+ Public Budget
State level Agreements E.g.: Acre and California
Petrobrás
Surui and SFX Funds
THINKING beyond the canopy
Green Climate Fund a. Ex ante financing: to national governments;
b. Ex ante financing: to other actors subject to a no-objection procedure by national designated authorities;
c. Ex post payments: to be disbursed according to mitigation results.
Neither preclude, nor exclude others. It does not exclude market based approaches. However, “these discussions are not yet mature and need common understanding”.
Financial Mechanisms
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Financial Mechanisms
National Authority
Designation of a national authority to recommend proposals to the GCF and be consulted on other proposals;
Responsible for presenting proposals under modality a); applying for grants under modality c); as for the non-objection procedure referred to in modality b).
Work in close coordination with the national authorities responsible for REDD+ activities (it may be the same authority, if appropriate).
THINKING beyond the canopy
Monitoring
INPE1971
PRODES1980s
EM
DETER 2004
DEGRAD2009
DETEX2009
IBAMA1989
CEMAM2004
One of the most advanced countries in the world in capacity to monitor its forest resources using remote sensing and GIS technologies.
National Level Sub-national Level
Partnerships MMA and states
Surui and Google
Other: Imazon, IPAM and Federal University of Minas Gerais
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Reporting
Results are approved at national level first and after international;
Consultation process and analysis national but greater detailing at international level (“technical Annex” with results calculation).
RL Focal Point(national)
UNFCCC decisions(international approval)
tCO2e
Projected emissions for 2020Amazon: 1996-2005Cerrado: 1994-2005
Formula: Projected DR X Average emissions/areaX CO2 equivalent factor
ADR
THINKING beyond the canopy
Verification and Performance
Verification: transparency ("ensure that carbon reduction is generated, according to a reference level") and funding.
Verification is therefore domestic.
“ No developing country will have international verification of its actions.” “It could cause disadvantages against other sectors and also add additional obligations.” (Brazil)
“We are willing to pay as long as we can be sure we are paying for actual emissions reductions (credible figures)”. (Norway)
Indicator would be the tCO2e maintained/reduced Technical Scientific Committee.
Other possible indicators, but still lacks a wider global debate.
THINKING beyond the canopy
Verification and Performance
International Verification Tool
Not centralized;
International level results-based payments can best occur using a national jurisdiction scale as reference (on an interim basis, subnational references could also be adopted) ensure transparency and accountability, as well as avoid double counting of results.
Results endorsed by COP
Published by UNFCCC
Country Year RL
Been paid? etc.
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MRV Financing
Investors
Executive Authority
Other Agents
Amazon Fund
Investors
UREDD
BENEFICIARIES
MRV and Financing
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Benefit Sharing
GCF: total results over a period of time, rather than a fixed monetary value per tCO2e/year.
International Level
To be determined independently recognize the role of different sectors in achieving results at national level;
National Level
It does not yet have a clear position on how it will work;
Amazon Fund as main instrument;
Use of economic instruments;
Descentralization new instruments and types of financing.
THINKING beyond the canopy
Some Initiatives
Bolsa Floresta Program
Law 3135/2007
BF Income
Juma Project – AM FAS (2008)
MRV
Institutional Arrangements
BF Social
BF Association
BF Family
SISA – ACLaw 2308/2010 (2009)
Services for Priority Areas
SFX Pilot Program – PA TNC/SEMA (2009)
+ +
+
Conservation Strategies
Private Properties
Indigenous Territories
Conservation Units
Carbon Accounting
Program
System for monitoring and managing information
Sustainable Production Areas of high forest cover Enhancement of carbon stocks
Elaboration of Territorial and Rural Property Management Instruments
Engagement and Capacity-Building of Stakeholders
+ +
Benefit Sharing
THINKING beyond the canopy
Safeguards
MMA meetings for SIS: (i) legal regulation, (ii) guarantee of rights; (iii) economic sustainability and poverty reduction; (iv) biodiversity conservation and recovery; (v) governance; (vi) benefit sharing; (vii) monitoring and transparency; (viii)permanence and leakage; and (ix) participation.
Amazon Fund: established safeguards in accordance to UNFCCC decisions.
BUT, no monitoring!
THINKING beyond the canopy
ConclusionsChallenges Nesting activities from sub-national/local to national level
(accountability);
Attribution of results – how to link MRV, performance and benefit-sharing? results-based payments;
Improve monitoring and measurement of AF results;
Monitoring safeguards.
Key Lessons Advanced monitoring systems are not enough;
Performance indicators are critical;
Think about the “Policyscape”.
THINKING beyond the canopy
OBRIGADA!
Maria Fernanda GebaraPhd CandidateFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro [email protected]