readings: smith, et al., 904-913, 972-973, 1012-1014, 1045- 1048 –note full version is on...
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CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIESReadings: Smith, et al., 904-913, 972-973, 1012-1014, 1045-1048 –NOTE FULL VERSION IS ON TITANIUM-PROPRIETARY SLIDES REMOVED FROM THIS GROUP
Versailles Treaty
Really five separate treaties but can think of them as Versailles Treaty
Two approaches: Woodrow Wilson Georges Clemenceau
(French Premier)
Woodrow Wilson’s Approach
Fourteen Points Guide to future
peace Open covenants of
peace; openly arrived at
“National Self-Determination”
League of Nations
“The Peace to End All War”
Georges Clemenceau’s Approach
Punish Germany Blamed Germany for
the war Disarm Germany Demilitarize the
Rhineland Create buffer states
in Eastern Europe Make Germany pay
for the war (“war reparations”)
Results of the Versailles Conference
Wilson got the League of Nations (but neither Germany nor USSR were in it)—US Senate vetoed entire Versailles Treaty.
Punish Germany: Germany blamed for war No Army Alsace-Lorraine to France Rhineland demilitarized No Armaments Industry Germany pays for War and
Reparations (5 billion +)
National Self-Determination
Eastern Europe Austria-Hungary is
dismantled Austria becomes
small country Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Poland
Treaty of Trianon Hungary becomes a
very small state, losing much territory and a majority of the Hungarians
Romania (including large populations of Hungarians)
Prize: Ottoman Empire
England, France, Russia and Other Powers Seek Gains in Middle East
Gallipoli
Armenian Genocide
The Husayn-McMahon Agreement, 1915
Middle East After Settlements
British Role: Arab Revolts
(Lawrence of Arabia) Balfour Declaration
French Role: Got Involved in
Palestinian struggles to prevent British from getting all Middle East as new colonies
The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916
Treaty of Sevres, August 10, 1920
Mandates (another name for colonies to please President Wilson)
Jordon—mandate to British
Palestine—to British Syria and Lebanon—
French Hijaz (Arab)
independent
Attaturk and Turkish Nationalism
The Palestine Mandate
Poster Urging Jews to Settle in Palestine
Exodus
UN Partition Plan of 1947
David Ben Gurion Announcing the Birth of Israel
Young Israelis
Palestine Refugee Camp, 1948
Palestinian Woman Watches as Her Home is Demolished
Syria and Iraq Problems
Actual Below
Map of Present Day Iraq
Ethnic and Religious Makeup of Iraq
Kuwait, 1991
Burning oil fields, set ablaze by retreating Iraqis, provide an eerie backdrop to motorized U.S. troops participating in Operation Desert Storm, the high point of the Bush, Sr’s, presidency.
The Sanctions Period (1991-2003)
Colin Powell and WMD
In February 2003 U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell went before the UN General Assembly to convince the international community that Saddam Hussein was concealing chemical and biological weapons, and to request the approval of the Security Council to commence military action against Iraq. Here he holds up a vial of anthrax, a life threatening infectious disease reputed to be in the terrorist arsenal.
Consequences of “Peace to End All War”
World War II Arab-Israeli
Conflict Iraq-Iran War
Persian Gulf War
Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbian crisis
Al Queda – 9/11
Iraq War - 2003
Other Consequences
Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam War
May 4th Movement – Chinese Communism