rcgi research centre for gas innovation€¦ · opportunities for the biofuel industry in brazil...

RCGIRESEARCH CENTRE FOR

GAS INNOVATIONCLEANER ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE BIOFUEL INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL WITH CARBON TRADING

MECHANISM (RENOVABIO/CBIO): FROM OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE AND

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO BECCS/BECCUSJULIO R MENEGHINI, SUANI T COELHO, KAREN L MASCARENHAS

UNITED NATIONS CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE

COP 25 - MADRI2-13 DECEMBER 2019

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Layout of this presentation

• Research Centre for Gas Innovation – RCGI– Mission and Vision

– SDGs

– Institutions

• COP 21 Brazil NDCs

• Biofuel: Ethanol Fuel in Brazil– Operational Excellence and Energy Efficiency

– Potential for BECCS/BECCUS

• Opportunities for the Biofuel Industry in Brazil with Carbon Trading Mechanism (RENOVABIO/CBIO)

• Conclusions


A centre for advanced studies on the

mitigation of green-house gases, investigating the sustainable use of natural gas, biogas, hydrogen and abatement of CO2 emissions. RESEARCH

cleaner energy for a sustainable future


• MISSION

– To develop research and innovation on energy transition for the sustainable use of natural gas, biogas, hydrogen and management, transport, storage and usage of CO2 on a global scale.

– To spread awareness and awake Brazil and other countries to the economic and energetic potential of natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, and CCUS.

cleaner energy for a sustainable future

• VISION

• To be a world reference centre for fundamental and applied research related to natural gas, biogas, hydrogen and management, transport, usage and storage of CO2 and their contributions to the global sustainability of the 21st century.


CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)

Direct contribution:


CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)

Indirect Contribution:


Administrative Center of RCGI at POLI - USP


FOUNDING SPONSORS

PARTNER INSTITUTIONS

UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO

INSTITUTO DEPSICOLOGIA

PARTNER INSTITUTIONS

UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO

INSTITUTO DEPSICOLOGIA




– SDGs

– Institutions





• Conclusions


Brazil GHG emissions (2017)

Ref.: CarbonBrief 2018, complied from BP, Postdam, Word Bank


Energy Consumption

Ref.: CarbonBrief 2018, complied from BP, Postdam, Word Bank


Brazilian NDC – Paris Agreement


– ZERO illegal deforestation at 2030 and compensation of emissions from legal deforestation at 2030;

– Restore and reforest 12 millions hectares of forests till 2030, for multiple uses;

– Restoration of 15 millions of hectares in degraded pastures till 2030

Brazil has presented, and ratified to the UN, as NDC to be accomplished by 2030:

– Reduction of 43% of GHG emissions (base 2005);

– Biofuel: Increase to 18% in the Energy Mix;

– Electricity generation: increase renewable (solar, wind, biomass; except hydropower) to 23% of the total generation;

– Participation of 45% renewable energy in the energy system at 2030;

NDC: Nationally Determined Contribution




– SDGs

– Institutions





• Conclusions


The Brazilian Ethanol Case

• Myths

– Land use versus Amazon Forest Conservation

– Food production versus Fuel Production

– GHG emissions

– High Cost


The Brazilian Ethanol Case

• Mith

– Land use

– Food production versus FuelProduction

– CO2 emissions

– High Cost

Ref: Wikipedia Ethanol Fuel in Brazil, Dec 3 2019


Ethanol Energy/Carbon Balance from Sugarcane

Diesel oil


Positive externalities

For diesel oil replacement biomethane from vinasse:

• Diesel oil consumption in etanol sector: 3 L/tone of cane crushed

• São Paulo State: – 333 million tones of sugarcane (2018/19 season)

– 18 million tones of sugar

– 15 billion L of ethanol

• Diesel oil consumption: 999 million L of DO

• Avoided diesel costs: ~ US$ 1.0 billion /harvesting season

• In addition, diesel emissions avoided

Source: UNICA


RIGHT MOMENT TO DESIGN A STRATEGIC PLAN (Kutas,2019)*

Brazilian

Commitments at

COP-21

Guarantee

ENERGY SECURITY

• Increasing fuel consumption

• New rules for domestic oil prices

• The choice is: import more oil or produce more alternative fuels

RENOVABIOEstablishment of a

strategic plan for

biofuels in Brazil

Reduce GHG EMISSIONS

of the transport sector

• 10% of Brazil’s total emissions

• 48% of the emissions of the

energy sector

It’s not an ethanol

program. All biofuels are

included (biodiesel,

biogas, biokerosene, etc)Reproduced withpermission


HOW DOES RENOVABIO WORK? (Kutas, 2019)

Producer

Trade of CBio via Stock

Exchange

Distributor Gas stations Consumers

Biofuel Biofuel

Emission of CBio

1 CBio = reduction of 1 t CO2eqAcquisition of CBio

Individual TargetgCO2eq/MJ converted into the number

of CBios to be acquired per unit of fossil

fuel sold

Brazil’s Decarbonization

Target (gCO2eq/MJ)

Biofuel

Other

Stakeholders

Certification

No deforestationReproduced withpermission


2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

0% 28% 46% 63% 79% 89% 96% 98% 98% 98% 98%


BECCS/BECCUS: PERSPECTIVES FOR BRAZIL

IEA (INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY):“Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is a carbon reduction technology that offers permanent net removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This has been termed negative carbon dioxide emissions, and offers a significant advantage over other mitigation alternatives.”

BRAZILImportant perspectives are in sugarcane-ethanol sector:⁃ CO2 capture from fermentation (existing plants already selling it to industries) (first phase)⁃ CO2 capture from biogas upgrade from sugarcane vinassebiodigestion (possible soon)⁃ CO2 capture from flue gases (second phase)

Geoenergetica plant (vinasse biodigestion) -

www.geoenergetica.com.br

Brazilian sugarcane-ethanol mil (http://www.uagro.com.br/editorias/agroenergia/etanol/2013/0

6/28/brasil-precisara-de-100-novas-usinas-de-etanol-ate-

2020.html )

http://www.geoenergetica.com.br/

http://www.uagro.com.br/editorias/agroenergia/etanol/2013/06/28/brasil-precisara-de-100-novas-usinas-de-etanol-ate-2020.html


BECCS/BECCUSBio-energy with Carbon Capture (Usage) and Storage

Willian Kimura, 2019

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION Fonte: Global CCS Institute (2019)

BECCS

Willian Kimura, 2019


CO2 from sugarcane juice fermentation


Most common use for CO2: soft drinkindustries - Vale Plant in Onda Verderecovers 35tCO2 . day-1.

30

BECCUS experiences in Brazil


BECCUS experiences in Brazil

31

CO2 FROM SUGARCANE FOR Na2CO3

PRODUCTION (28,000t CO2 avoided in 2018)


BECCS

• ↑CAPEX (in/out of the mill);

• Planning/logistics = complex;

• Depending on incentives to low carbon activities;

• Protocol for LCFS:

• Mills with CCS = Biofuels Program in California;

• ADM (Decatur ethanol plant).

• Public perception must be addressed.

• Large Scale CCS can be planned

BECCUS

• ↓CAPEX (inside the mill);

• Revenues from CO2 sales to industries;

• Projects in commercial scale operation:

• Group JB / Coopcana mill;

• Need to develop a protocol to evaluate GHG emissions reduction for biofuels programs (RFS, LCFS, RenovaBio):

• Suggestion: Methodology similar to carbon credits generated by bio-electricity (average emissions of energy matrix);

• “CO2 is produced in industries from CO2 sources from petrochemical industry or natural gas burning in cogenerating processes” (AirProducts).

• Ethanol mills (biogas + BECCS or BECCUS = negative carbon footprint for sugarcane ethanol...)

Remarks

Ref: LCFS (2018); Lucena et al (2016); Rochedo et al (2016); ADM (2017); Grupo JB; Coopcana; Air Products

Ref: Willian Kimura, 2019




– SDGs

– Institutions

• COP 21 Brazil INDCs




• Conclusions


Conclusions

• Sugarcane does not push for Amazon deforestation – Sugarcane does not grow in Amazon;– Expansion in São Paulo state (2002-2008) corresponded to a more efficient use of cattle

area (from 1.0 to 1.8 head per hectare);– Renovabio: mandatory no deforestation.

• Food x fuel: – Several scientific studies has showed this is not true;– Food production from Brazil increasing.

• GHG emissions:– Already much lower than gasoline (89% of GHG avoided);– Trends to decrease more with Renovabio;– BECCS & BECCUS to decrease emissions even more.


Conclusions

• Sugarcane ethanol: competitive with gasoline (no subsidies).

• Renovabio and CBio: to incentivize higher efficiency, lower costs and lower carbon footprint.

• Production of Ethanol, Renovabio and Cbio model can be implemented in other countries in Caribe, Africa, etc.

THANK YOU

RCGI: Research Programmes and Projects


RCGI PROGRAMMES/PROJECTS RELATED GHG EMISSIONS MITIGATION

Engineering Physical-Chemistry

Energy Policies and Economics

CO2 Abatement

Geophysics

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTSEngineering

MONITORING & LEAKEAGE

STORAGE & TRANSPORT

OF GAS

GAS IN TRANSPORTATION

NUMERICAL METHODS

COMBUSTION

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTSEngineering

Project 1 - Development of an advanced natural gas burner using the oxy-fuel

concecpt

Project 2 - Laboratory of advanced combustion

diagnostics

Project 3 - Advanced systems for the use of mixed gas and diesel in internal combustion

engines for methane emission mitigation

Project 4 - Fesibility/conceptual designs of energy efficient and

environmentally friendly vessels with natural gas as a fuel

Project 5 - Design and optimization of storage

systems by adsorption for natural gas

Project 6 - Optimization based on the adjoint

method for natural gas storage systems

Project 7 - Hybrid power systems for ships

Project 8 - Modeling and numerical simulation

Project 10 - Design optimization of labyrinth

seals

Project 29 - Hybrid Vehicle Powered by Gasoline,

Natural Gas or Bio-methane

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTS

Physical-Chemistry

NATURAL GAS

CHEMICAL PROCESS

CH4/CO2 SEPARATION

BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

FLAMELESS COMBUSTION

CH4 FUEL CELLS

REFORMING PROCESS

CATALYST DEVELOPMENT

MICROALGAE CO2 SEQUESTRATION

BACTERIACO2

SEQUESTRATION

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTS

Physical-Chemistry

Project 11 - Development of an Advanced Natural Gas

Burner using the Flameless Concept

Project 12 - Advancing fuel cells for operation on

natural gas

Project 13 - Synthesis gas production by methane tri-

reforming

Project 14 - Methanol production by CO2

hydrogenation

Project 15 - Advanced Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch

Synthesis

Project 16 - A hybrid solar-gas system for natural gas

steam reforming

Project 17 - Converting biogas to bioproducts

Project 18 - Microbial production of

polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from methane (CH4)

Project 19 - Structured ceramic membrane and

supersonic device for CH4 / CO2 separation

Project 20 - Supported metal nanoparticles as catalyst for

the PROX reaction

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTS

Energy Policies and Economics Programme

LEGAL AND REGULATORY

TOPICSBIOGAS

ECONOMICS

ENERGY MODELING

LOGISTICS & MOBILITY

INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL USE OF GAS URBAN ISSUES

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTS

Energy Policies and Economics Programme

Project 21 - Creation of the Brazilian and São Paulo Legal

Service of Natural Gas

Project 22 - Benchmark Studies on CO2 abatement in the Natural Gas

industry – Standardization, quantification methodologies, and protocols for energy savings and

CO2 abatement

Project 23 - Brazilian inventory of greenhouse gases and scenarios for

reducing emissions related to natural gas

Project 24 - Estimation of price elasticities and

income of Natural Gas in Brazil

Project 25 - Integrated Sustainability Analysis of

Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel in Heavy-Duty Vehicles - The Paulista

Blue Corridor

Project 26 - Evaluation of small LNG and CNG supply options for

transportation to off-grid locations; and planning expansion

and operation of multimodal integrated networks

Project 27 - The Biomethane's contribution prospects to increase the

supply of Natural Gas

Project 28 - Analysis of the potential household use of gas integrated to electricity

system in the city of São Paulo

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTS

CO2 Abatement

SUPPORT

POLICY

EQUIPMENT & MATERIAL

SEPARATION

UTILIZATION

STORAGE & MONITORING

LINE-UP

(www.usp.br/rcgi)


PROJECTS

CO2 Abatement

Project 30: Innovative process for CO2 conversion

to high added value chemicals and fuels based on

hybrid catalysts

Project 31 - Production of organic molecules from

CO2 and H2O by photocatalysis in nano-

oxides

Project 32 - Modeling, simulation and

optimization studies on innovative CO2

conversion technologies

Project 33 - Passive acoustic monitoring

system for CO2 leakage detection

Project 34 - Feasibility studies and simulations regarding the construction of salt caverns for CO2/CH4 capture, storage and separation in the pre-salt layer

of Brazil

Project 35 - Detection of leaking CH4 and CO2 gases in

the sea fund using ultrasound images with

multiple elements

Project 36 - Carbon geological storage in Brazil: CCS in

unconventional petroleum reservoirs of onshore paraná

sedimentary basin/turbidites from offshore sedimentary basins in

southeast Brazil

Project 37 - Simulation and optimization of CO2

compressors and mixture of CO2 and CH4 in

supercritical condition

Project 38 - High efficiency ejector for gas compression

Project 39 - Development of gas supersonic separators –

optimisation, numerical simulation and experiments

Project 40 - Corrosion behavior study/degradation in aquosa

solution with CO2 in the absence and presence of contaminants of materials used in the transport of

supercrytic CO2 (SCCO2)

Project 41 - Numerical simulations of internal flow in ducts carrying CO2, CH4

and oil employing molecular dynamics

Project 42 - Environmental impact assessment of CCS

activities in Brazil and Legal Aspects

Project 43 - Determination of fundamental properties of gaseous mixtures of interest for the gas and

oil industry in the presence of complex fluids

Project 44 - Laboratory for tests of supersonic gas

separator technologies –Infrastructure

Project 45 - Laboratory for the characterization of physical

chemical properties of CO2, oil and natural gas in sub and supercritical

conditions – Infrastructure

More information: www.usp.br/rcgi

rcgi research centre for gas innovation€¦ · opportunities for the biofuel industry in brazil...

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