Rare mammary gland diseases: a continuous

challenge for the clinician

Paula Maria Gliga, Alexandra Diana Mihuti

Coordinator: Assoc.Prof. Marian Dorin MD, PhD

Epidemiology of breast cancer : 23 % of all types of cancer in female patients

in Romania Most frequent type of cancer: ductal carcinoma

Epidemiology of benign tumors: More common than malign tumors Most frequent type: fibrocystic disease

Introduction

Rare diseases: Identification Description Methods of examination

Objective

Number of patients: 17 Gender: females Mean age: 51 Period of time: 10 years (2004-2013)

Methods and materials

Results

Rapidly growing lump Appears as a hypoechoic mass in ultrasound Correct diagnosis is done using a Fine needle

aspiration cytology (FNAC)

Primary breast lymphoma

Primary breast lymphoma

Lymphoma

Journal of Cytology, 2013

Courtesy of Dr. R. Georgescu

Cause: Echinococcus granulosus Humans function as accidental hosts Common locations: liver, lungs Only 0,27% occur in breast Best screening modality for diagnosis is

ultrasound

Hydatid cyst

Hydatid cyst

Curtesy Ali Alamer et al.

Hydatid cyst

Curtesy Ali Alamer et al.

Cause: Toxoplasma gondii Infects a large proportion of the population

but rarely causes clinically significant disease

Diagnosed correctly using serological tests

Toxoplasmosis

Malignant tumor of melanocytes < 5% of all malignant melanomas It may be primary or metastatic

Breast melanoma

Cause: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Radiological and ultrasound imaging define

only the extent of the lesion FNAC is a useful tool for diagnosis Open biopsy almost always confirms this

disease If correctly diagnosed, surgery can be

avoided

Tuberculosis of the breast

APUD cells: Amine Precursor Uptake Decarboxylation

APUD tumors: Most often found in the intestine or the lungs Breast APUD tumor is almost always a

metastasis from another site

APUD tumor

In 12 cases – initial confusion with breast neoplasm

The existence of rare diseases should not be forgotten when examining a breast lesion

Clinical examination should be correlated with imaging, FNAC and serological tests for better preoperative diagnosis.

Conclusions

Thank you for your attention!