Railways Systems: Railways Systems: Applications Applications

HSI beyond DoDHSI beyond DoD

Dr. Jen NarkeviciusDr. Jen NarkeviciusJenius LLCJenius LLC

Dr. Jen NarkeviciusDr. Jen NarkeviciusJenius LLCJenius LLC

Human Systems Human Systems Integration Integration

22

Attention to Human Error

• National Rail Safety Action Plan–Fatigue Risk Management Program–Close Calls Reporting System

But . . .

Not Addressing “Design Induced Error” in a Meaningful Way — Until Now.

33

“Design-Induced Errors”

• Human Errors that Occur as a Result of Interacting with Systems that Were Designed with Little Consideration for Human Abilities and Limitations.

• Errors Produced as a Result of Lack of Utilization of Error Reducing Design Approaches (i.e. Redundancy, Feedback, Intuitiveness, Easy Recovery From Input Errors, etc.)

44

Introducing Technology Safely

• Safe Introduction of New Railroad Technologies

• Upgrade of Existing Technologies Without Compromising Safety

• Efficient Use of Technology (Promotes Rail Commerce)

55

There is No Such Thing as an Unmanned System

66

Technology Process

• Lack of Standardization in How Technology is Introduced in the Railroad Industry.

• Is There a Method or Process to Examine Possible Risks and Limitations of the Technology?

• Product Safety Plan?

How we introduce technology can directlyHow we introduce technology can directly affect human error and safety.affect human error and safety.

77

What is HSI?

• interdisciplinary • technical and management processes • integrating human considerations • essential enabler

"Human Systems Integration: interdisciplinary technical and management processes for integrating human considerations within and across all system elements; an essential enabler to systems engineering practice.”

INCOSE

88

Where We Have Been…

Hardware

Software

99

HSI is the component of SE that focuses on Human

Manpower

Human Factors

Habitability

PersonnelTraining

System Safety OccupationalHealth

RetentionQOL

Environment

QOS

Scheduling

Personnel

Survivability

Recruiting

• Human Factors*• Manpower• Personnel• Training• Survivability• Habitability • ESOH (Environment,

Safety, Occupational Health)

• Human Factors*• Manpower• Personnel• Training• Survivability• Habitability • ESOH (Environment,

Safety, Occupational Health)

* HFE is the direct input to SE

Simplified SE V

1010

Requirements

Specification

Design

Integration

Implementation

User’s requirements to perform

Details to meet user needs

Potential solution incorporating users, hardware, software, and organizational structures

Working the components and subsystems together to achieve the need

System that services the initially stated user requirements

1111

HSI Impacts on Capability & Cost

IncreaseIncreased d Operator CapabilityOperator Capability Match Manpower and Personnel to Tasks

Optimize the Human Interface

Maximize Availability

Total Life Cycle Cost

HSI permits increased capability

while reducing

cost

HSI permits increased capability

while reducing

cost

OPERATING CAPACITY

Des

ire

d

Per

form

ance

Min

imal

Per

form

ance

COST

Reduce Manpower

Reduce Skill Levels

Reduce Training

Reduce Tasks

Reduce Mishaps

Reduce Injuries

Reduce Deaths

ReduceReduce Life Cycle CostLife Cycle Cost

Adjusted Total Life Cycle Costwith HSI Cost Avoidance

1212

What You Don’t See…

You Don’t See the Hidden Costs Related to Training, Manpower, or Error-Inducing Designs. Human Factors are Part of the System.

Poor Integration of Humans Into Advanced Technology is Costly.

1313

Why the Interest/Expectations

• Disciplined, Unified, and Interactive Approach

• Incorporate Human Considerations into System Design

• Domains are Interdependent and Addressed Together

• Improve Total System Performance Not Just One Piece

• Improve Operational Effectiveness and Suitability

• Reduce Total Cost of Ownership

• Incorporate Processes and Structures to Improve Performance by Improving Performance of all the Parts of the System

1414

• Simulation and Modeling Help Derive Human and System Requirements

• Use Lab Tools Across HSI Elements for integrated solution

• Simulation and Modeling Help Derive Human and System Requirements

• Use Lab Tools Across HSI Elements for integrated solution

Develop a Feasible Solution

Initial Design and Human Requirements

Cab Technology Integration Lab

1515

Deliver Systems that Meet Operational Requirements

(not just tech requirements)Trade offs and Final Requirements

Model Acceptable?

Iterative ProcessRe-run HumanTask Network

Requirements Document

Final Design RequirementsFinal MPT Requirements

Model Acceptable

Human Task Network

1616

CTIL Lab

Components…Components…

Building an HSI/SE LabBuilding an HSI/SE Lab

1717

1818

HSI Returns

• Leverages Research and Analysis to Optimize Investment Decision-Making to Yield Greater Return on Investment

• Direct testing of requirements, design, and implementation

• Improved Safety• Better Performance• Manpower Cost savings

1919

HSI Way Ahead• National Rail Safety Plan increasing safety and

efficiency across the System

• HSI in Product Safety Plans

• Improved Manning of New and Existing Train Systems

• HSI Brings the Human Factors/Element into the Mix for Rulemaking, Systems Operation, and Operational Work

• Addresses Human Element in PTC, RCL, Close Call Reporting Systems (CCRS)