unifying human centered design and systems engineering ......3 jenius llc systems engineering “an...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unifying Human Centered Design and Systems Engineering for Human Systems Integration
Guy Boy1,2 & Jennifer Nakevicius3 1 Human-Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology 2 NASA Kennedy Space Center 3 Jenius LLC
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Systems Engineering
“an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems”
INCOSE
life cycle of a product:
– design, manufacturing, operations, training and support, disposal and costs (Haskins, 2011)
Holistic approach to people’s needs?
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Why SE fails?
Inadequate requirements – Technology focused
– Poorly specified
– Unmeasurable
– Unachievable
Lack of flexibility – Technology-centered engineering rigid processes
– Uncertainty and rapid changes in our world
Solution: Human-Centered Design (HCD)
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Human-Centered Design
Various disciplines – Human-computer interaction & Artificial intelligence
– Modeling and Simulation
– Human-machine systems
– Social and cognitive sciences
Same objective as SE (i.e., holistic)
Technology
People
Organizations
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The 21st century shift
From mechanical engineering…
… to electrical engineering
… to software engineering!
From integration of local reductionist systems…
… to holistic coordination of autonomous agents
Highly interconnected interactive world
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Systems vs. Agents
System
– integrated set of elements that accomplish a defined objective (Haskins, 2011)
Systems of systems
– Structures and functions
Agent
– entity able to act, produce something and be representative of an agency (Minsky, 1985)
Society of agents
– Cognitive functions
Human-Systems Integration (HSI)
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From Army to Orchestra
Soldiers
– executants, rigid
– automated
Linear chain of command
– Generals, officers
– hierarchy
Musicians
– creative, flexible, experts
– autonomous
Complex coordination
– composers, scores
– conductors
Prescriptive and effective coordination
Task-level
Activity-level
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VFR
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Cognitive function
Role Context
Resources Task Activity
System cognitive function
Human cognitive function
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Machine cognitive function
Human cognitive function
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Modeling and Simulation
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Technology-Centered Engineering
Human-Centered Design
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from Technology-Centered Engineering…
… to Human-Centered Design
positivism
objectivity
linear systems
context-free
control
phenomenology
subjectivity
non-linear systems
context-dependent
management
reductionism complexity science
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Human-Centered Design
Technology-Centered Engineering
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Human-Centered Design
Technology-Centered Engineering
Human-Systems Integration
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Automation vs. Autonomy
Procedures Automation
Automation of
People
Automation of
Machines
Automation of
Human Functions
Automation of
Systems Functions
Problem-Solving
Autonomy of Agents
(mostly people)
Coordination of Autonomous
Agents Functions
Allocation of Human & Systems
Functions
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Planning vs. Flexibility
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Complexity and Emergence
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Standardization vs. Creativity
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1596 –1650
XXth Century XXIst Century
René Descartes by Franz Hals
1452 –1519
Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci Autoportrait