radiography 2021 student handbook

2021-2022

Student Handbook

SOMERSET COMMUNITY COLLEGE RADIOGRPAHY PROGRAM DECKER, DOYLE B (SOMERSET)

SOMERSET COMMUNITY COLLEGE | 808 Monticello Street, Somerset, KY 42501

R a d i o g r a p h y S t u d e n t H a n d b o o k P a g e | 1

Somerset Community College Radiography Program Student Handbook

Table of Contents

Page Faculty and Staff Contact Information 3 Introduction

Procedures Relating to Discrimination, Harassment,

3 ARRT Registry & Kentucky Licensure 4 Professionalism & Expectations 4 ARRT Standard of Ethics 5 SCC’s Mission Statement 6 Non-discrimination Statement 6 Code of Conduct Link 6 SCC Student Handbook Link 6 Drug-Free Policy 6 KCTCS/SCC Tobacco Free Policy 7 Student Complaints & Grievance Procedures 7 Sexual Harassment 7

& Sexual Misconduct 7 Privacy of Student Records 8 Student’s Right to Know/Campus Security Act 8 Student Accident/Incident Reporting Procedure 8 Program’s Mission Statement 9 Program Goals 9 JRCERT Programmatic Accreditation & SLO Assessment 10 Program Length, Scheduling & Advising 10 Expenses during the Program 11 Dosimeter Exchange Policy 11 Military Service 12 Jury Duty 12 Academic/Work-Related Religious Holidays and Dress Policy 12 Student Radiography Organization 12 National Honors Society 12 The Curriculum 13-16 Graduation Requirements 16 Course Syllabi 17 Class Absenteeism 17 Didactic Course Exams 17 Program Grading Policy & Consequence of Course Failure 17 Readmission to the Program 17 Failed Exam Counseling Policy 18 Continued Evidence of Radiographic Exposure Principles 18 Clinical Performance Counseling Policy 18 Cheating and Plagiarism Policy 18 Clinical Assignments 19 Requirements for Placement in the Clinical Setting 19 Insurance Requirements 20 Background and Drug Screening Policy 20 Clinical Education Facilities & Clinical Instructors 21


Clinical Instructor Qualifications & Responsibilities 22

Revised: May 2021

August 2020 June 2019

August 2018 August 2017

Student Clinical Rotation 23 Enforcement of Clinical Supervision Policy 23 Enforcement of Repeat Image Policy 24 Program Environment 25 Work Environment 25 Physical Requirements 25 General Expectations in the Clinic 26 Clinical Dress Code 26-28 Functions of the Student Radiographer 28 Clinical Responsibilities 28 Responsibilities in the Radiographic Room 29 Dependability, Attendance, and Punctuality 30 Scheduling Concurrent Excused Absences 31 Unexcused Tardiness Penalties 31 Clinical Call-in Procedure 31 Clinical Performance Counseling Policy 31 Patient Transportation Policy 31 Patient Restraints/Holding Patients for Radiographic Procedures 32 Illness and Injury in the Clinical Setting 32 Incident Reporting in the Clinical Setting 32 Accidents Involving Patients in the Clinical Setting 32 General Safety Rules 32 Electrical Safety 33 Fire Safety 33 Environmental Conditions 33 Radiation Safety Rules 34 Radiation Dose Limits for the Radiography Student Policy 35 Magnetic Safety 35 Magnetic Safety Screening Form 36 Pregnancy Policy 37 Declaration of Pregnancy Form 39 Revocation of Declaration Pregnancy Policy 40 Major Medical Leave of Absence Policy 41 Temporary Disability Policy 41 Clinical Competency Policy 41 Clinical Grading 42 Incomplete Grading Policy 42 Mammography Rotation Policy 42 Progressive Discipline Policy 43-4 Lab availability 45 Rules for Using the Lab 45 JRCERT Non-Compliance Procedure 46 JRCERT Non-Compliance Form 47 Acknowledgement Forms 48-52


SCC Radiography Program Faculty & Staff Contact Information

The radiography program faculty and staff welcome you to the program and are pleased that you have chosen radiography as your career.

Doyle Decker, M.A. RT(R)(CT) Heather Graves B.S.H.S. RT(R)(M)(CT) Program Coordinator Clinical Coordinator Somerset Community College (North) Somerset Community College Rogers Student Commons Building Rogers Student Commons Building Office #216 Office #220 [email protected] [email protected] O: (606) 451-6774 O: (606) 451-6755 C: (606) 425-9325 C: (859) 379-9146

Tanya Cowan Nancy Powell, M.A.Ed. Staff Associate, Health Division Dean of Health Sciences Somerset Community College (North) Somerset Community College (North) Blakley Building Blakley Building Office #301 Office #301 [email protected] [email protected] O: (606) 451-6764 (606) 451-6742

INTRODUCTION

This orientation manual was written to inform the student of the policies of the Somerset Community College Radiography Program. It will explain the responsibilities of the students for participation in the program. Whenever necessary or deemed appropriate by the faculty, changes shall be made to policies and procedures found in this manual. Students are expected to follow the policies and guidelines listed in this handbook. Students are also responsible for abiding by the policies and procedures of the clinical education setting to which they are assigned.

STRONG ADVICE

Now that you have chosen radiography as your future profession, you must understand that to succeed in this program and your career; you must do all that is within your power to master the information and skills taught during our brief time together. You must realize you will be held accountable for all information included in the curriculum while in the program and, ultimately, on the American Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT) registry examination. Success in this program will require preparation for class, participation in class and laboratory activities, and a commitment to go beyond the required time spent in the classroom and laboratory. Studying, completing homework assignments and lab portfolios, and practicing laboratory skills will have to be done on the student’s own time.

mailto:[email protected]





THE RADIOGRAPHY PROFESSION The terms radiography and radiologic technology, radiographer and radiologic technologists are used interchangeably within the medical community, as well as within this document.

American Registry Examination After completing the competency-based education curriculum, the qualified graduate is eligible to take the American Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT) examination. The ARRT examinee is allowed only three attempts at passing the registry examination. Successful completion of this exam is required to obtain/maintain a radiation operator’s license in Kentucky and most other states. The radiography student is advised that the ARRT examination board may not accept a student’s application if they have a conviction of a felony or major misdemeanor, either before the program or during the program. Students who have been convicted of, or have pleaded guilty to, or plead no lo contendere to a crime, may request a pre-application ethics review from the ARRT office. Any student who has a prior conviction is strongly encouraged to contact the ARRT during their first semester in the program to begin the pre-application ethics review process. The Ethics Review telephone number is (651) 687-0048 ext. 8580. The ARRT’s regular hours of operation are 8:00 am – 4:30 pm, central time, M-F, except holidays. There is a fee for the pre-application ethics review.

Kentucky Licensure Radiographers and other radiological science professionals wishing to work in the Commonwealth of Kentucky must be licensed by the Kentucky Board of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (KBMIRT). Full/permanent licensure by the KBMIRT is based on “endorsement” by the ARRT, i.e., the licensee must be in good standing with the ARRT as a Register Radiographer. Additionally, the licensee applicant must pass a background check conducted by an approved vendor or the Kentucky State Police. The recent graduate who is ARRT registry eligible but has not yet taken and passed the examination can apply for a temporary license that lasts for one year but is not renewable. This temporary license gives the recent graduate one year to pass the ARRT registry examination while working in the state of KY.

Professionalism & Expectations Students are expected to conduct themselves professionally while attending classes at the college and while attending assignments to the clinical education settings. As you are a member of the “helping professions,” you must refrain from any activity that shows a lack of maturity, cultural & ethnicity sensitivity, respect for any individual’s human dignity, or in any way that reflects negatively on the college, the program, any clinical facility, or the radiography profession.

The program faculty encourages participation in local, state, and national organizations. Applications are available upon request. Each student must attend one Kentucky Board of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (KBMIRT) meeting during her/his time in the program.

As a radiography student, you are expected to exhibit ethical behavior consistent with the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) Radiographer’s Code of Ethics, listed on the following page.


American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) STANDARD OF ETHICS

The Code of Ethics forms the first part of the Standards of Ethics. The Code of Ethics shall serve as a guide by which Certificate Holders and Candidates may evaluate their professional conduct as it relates to patients, healthcare consumers, employers, colleagues, and other members of the healthcare team. The Code of Ethics is intended to assist Certificate Holders and Candidates in maintaining a high level of ethical conduct and in providing for the protection, safety, and comfort of patients. The Code of Ethics is aspirational.

1 The radiologic technologist acts in a professional manner, responds to patient needs, and supports colleagues and associates in providing quality patient care.

2 The radiologic technologist acts to advance the principal objective of the profession to provide services to humanity with full respect for the dignity of mankind.

3 The radiologic technologist delivers patient care and service unrestricted by the concerns of personal attributes or the nature of the disease or illness, and without discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, status with regard to public assistance, familial status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, veteran status, age, or any other legally protected basis.

4 The radiologic technologist practices technology founded upon theoretical knowledge and concepts, uses equipment and accessories consistent with the purposes for which they were designed, and employs procedures and techniques appropriately.

5 The radiologic technologist assesses situations; exercises care, discretion, and judgment; assumes responsibility for professional decisions; and acts in the best interest of the patient.

6 The radiologic technologist acts as an agent through observation and communication to obtain pertinent information for the physician to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient and recognizes that interpretation and diagnosis are outside the scope of practice for the profession.

7 The radiologic technologist uses equipment and accessories, employs techniques and procedures, performs services in accordance with an accepted standard of practice, and demonstrates expertise in minimizing radiation exposure to the patient, self, and other members of the healthcare team.

8 The radiologic technologist practices ethical conduct appropriate to the profession and protects the patient’s right to quality radiologic technology care.

9 The radiologic technologist respects confidences entrusted in the course of professional practice, respects the patient’s right to privacy, and reveals confidential information only as required by law or to protect the welfare of the individual or the community.

10 The radiologic technologist continually strives to improve knowledge and skills by participating in continuing education and professional activities, sharing knowledge with colleagues, and investigating new aspects of professional practice.

11 The radiologic technologist refrains from the use of illegal drugs and/or any legally controlled substances which result in impairment of professional judgment and/or ability to practice radiologic technology with reasonable skill and safety to patients.

Last Revised: September 1, 2018 Published: September 1, 2018. https://www.arrt.org/docs/default-source/governing-documents/arrt-standards-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=c79e02fc_16

https://www.arrt.org/docs/default-source/governing-documents/arrt-standards-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=c79e02fc_16


THE COLLEGE The mission of Somerset Community College is to provide high quality, affordable, and accessible education and training to create student success, economic growth, and enhanced quality of life. Somerset Community College, a member of the Kentucky Community College and Technical College System, is a public associate degree granting institution serving the south-central region of Kentucky.

Approved: SCC Board of Directors July 25, 2019 KCTCS Board of Regents September 20, 2019

Non-discrimination Statement The Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS) is an equal educational and employment opportunity institution and does not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, gender identity, gender presentation, national origin, age, disability, family medical history, or genetic information. Further, we vigilantly prevent discrimination based on sexual orientation, parental status, marital status, political affiliation, military service, or any other non-merit based factor.

Code of Student Conduct The relationship between The Kentucky Community and Technical College System and the student, as a campus community member, is covered in the KCTCS Code of Student Conduct. A copy of the KCTCS Code of Student Conduct is available on the KCTCS web page. Student Code of Conduct Revised 8-20 (kctcs.edu)

SCC Student Handbook The relationship between Somerset Community College and the student is covered in the Somerset Community College Student Handbook. A copy of the SCC Student Handbook is available on the college’s web page. 2020-2021 SCC Student Handbook (kctcs.edu)

Drug-Free Policy KCTCS is committed to providing a healthy and sage environment for its students, faculty, and staff. KCTCS has defined conduct in relation to the unlawful possession, use, dispensation, distributions, or manufacture of alcohol or illicit drugs. Conduct with which is in violation of definition poses unacceptable risk and disregard for the health, safety, and welfare of members of the KCTCS community and shall result in disciplinary action up to and including suspension or termination.

As a recipient of federal grants and contracts, KCTCS give this notice to students, faculty, and staff that is in compliance with, and shall continue to be in compliance with the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 and the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act Amendment of 1989. Student, faculty and staff are herein notified of the standards of conduct which shall be applicable while on KCTCS property, on KCTCS business, and/or at KCTCS sponsored activities.

https://kctcs.edu

https://kctcs.edu


KCTCS/SCC Tobacco-Free Policy The Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS) is committed to providing and maintaining a safe and healthy environment for its students, employees and visitors. In view of this commitment, KCTCS is a tobacco-free institution. This means Tobacco Products use (including e-cigarettes) will be prohibited System-wide at all 16 college and all campuses including the System office.

Student Complaints and Grievance Procedures Student Complaints and Grievance procedures can be found in the KCTCS Code of Student Conduct, found at Student Code of Conduct Revised 8-20 (kctcs.edu). These procedures include complaints, grievances, and appeals in cases of:

• Alleged violation of student academic rights. • Alleged student academic offense, i.e., cheating, plagiarism, falsification of academic

records, etc. • Alleged Student Non-Academic Offense, i.e., violation of computer usage policy, disorderly

behavior, etc.

Sexual Harassment KCTCS is committed to providing a learning environment free from sexual harassment. Therefore, all staff and students of the KCTCS shall avoid offensive or inappropriate harassing behavior and be held responsible for ensuring compliance with this policy. A student shall be free of sexual harassment by KCTCS faculty, staff, supervisors, and employees. Sexual harassment, a form of discrimination, includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors or other verbal or physical actions of a sexual nature when submission to such conduct is made explicitly or implicitly as a term or condition of the student's status in a course, program or activity; or is used as a basis for academic or other decisions affecting such student; or when such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with the student's academic performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive academic environment. The college sexual harassment policy can be found at Sexual Misconduct Procedure | KCTCS.

Procedures Relating to Discrimination, Harassment, and Sexual Misconduct Sexual misconduct matters should be directed to the Title IX Coordinator Tracy Casada, Vice-president of Student Affairs, to be handled in accordance with the Sexual Misconduct Procedure at Security and Parking | SCC (kctcs.edu). Any employee who receives information related to sexual misconduct is required to report it to the Title IX Coordinator. More information about KCTCS Title IX procedures can be found at the same link.

Formal Grievance Procedures Involving Alleged Discrimination or Harassment Student Discrimination Grievance Form (kctcs.edu) Anti-Harassment/Discrimination Policy | KCTCS Student Harassment or Discrimination Grievance Procedure | KCTCS· Student Code of Conduct Revised 8-20 (kctcs.edu) (Appeals flowchart & timelines are located on pages 14 -21)

https://kctcs.edu

https://kctcs.edu

https://kctcs.edu

https://kctcs.edu


Privacy of Student Records Somerset Community College hereby notifies students concerning the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974. This Act, with which the institution intends to comply fully, was designed to protect the privacy of educational records, establish the right of students to inspect and review their education records and provide guidelines for the correction of inaccurate or misleading information. Students also have the right to file a complaint with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act Office of the Department of Health and Human Services concerning alleged failures by the institution to comply with the Act.

The College has adopted a policy which explains in detail the procedures to be used by the College for compliance with the provisions of the Act and the regulations adopted pursuant to it; however, in addressing the most common issues encountered in maintaining FERPA please be advised of the following policies: student advising, counseling, disciplinary action will be done in private. During disciplinary counseling, two faculty members will be present. Correspondence pertaining to student records, including schedules, will be conducted via email only on the student’s assigned student email account; faculty will not respond to private email accounts. We will not give grades or other student records over the telephone or fax. Further information regarding the FERPA Act can be accessed at Educational Rights and Privacy Act | KCTCS.

Student’s Right to Know/Campus Security Act KCTCS supports the intent of the Student Right to Know/Campus Security Act and is committed to providing a safe environment for all students and employees. Safety-related information can be accessed on the College’s Security webpage Security and Parking | SCC (kctcs.edu)

This webpage link includes access to the following: • Annual Security Report • Alcohol/Substance Abuse • Safety Manual • Minger Act • Safety Notification and Alert Procedure • Crime Log

(SNAP) • Defining Hate Crimes & Bias Incidents • Crisis Management Plan • Campus Parking • HIV Information • Campus Security • Sexual Harassment Policy • Title IX • Kentucky Sex Offender Information

Student Accident/Incident Reporting Procedure If an accident/incident involving a student occurs on the school campus, the student should report the accident/incident to his or her instructor or appropriate school official as soon as possible. All instructors should have a supply of accident forms available for use in the classroom/lab. If a student is involved in an accident/incident in a clinical setting, the student reports the accident/incident to his or her clinical instructor or other appropriate clinical facility employees. The student must follow the accident/incident reporting procedure of the clinical facility and fill out the required reporting forms for that institution and inform the clinical coordinator of any accident/incident in the clinical setting as soon as possible.

https://kctcs.edu

R a d i o g r a p h y P r o g r a m S t u d e n t H a n d b o o k P a g e | 9

The PROGRAM Program’s Mission Statement The mission of the SCC Radiography Program is to provide a quality affordable education in the field of radiologic technology. Using theory and performance-based instruction, the program’s faculty strives to provide an educational environment which equips the student with the entry level skills and professionalism of a radiographer, as well as strengthening critical thinking, problem solving, and communication skills.

Revised April 4, 2017 Re-evaluated Aug. 11, 2015 Re-evaluated May 16, 2014 Re-evaluated May 10, 2010

Revised May 14, 2009 Written May 15, 2003

Goals of the Radiography Program

Goal #1 Students will develop the clinical competency of an entry level-radiographer. • Students will practice appropriate patient care and safety skills. • Students will exercise appropriate methods of radiation exposure and image analysis. • Students will be able to competently perform routine radiographic procedures.

Goal #2 Students will exhibit critical thinking and problem-solving skills. • Students will modify patient positioning and procedures for the non-routine patient. • Students will modify radiographic exposures for non-routine circumstances.

Goal #3 students will communicate effectively. • Students will demonstrate effective written communication skills. • Students will demonstrate effective oral communication skills. • Students will demonstrate effective interpersonal skills.

Goal #4 Students will demonstrate professionalism. • Students will demonstrate reliability and punctuality. • Students will exhibit a professional appearance and attitude.

Revised May 2019 June 2017 May 2014

December 2009

‘


Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) Programmatic Accreditation &

Student Learning Outcomes Assessment

Somerset Community College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), and the radiography program has programmatic accreditation by the JRCERT. SACS or JRCERT accreditation allows our graduates to be eligible to take the American Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT) registry examination.

As part of the accreditation process, the radiography program continually develops and participates in various program outcomes assessments to ensure a quality program that meets needs of the student. The program's outcomes assessment will be provided upon request to the program coordinator. The following committees and individuals are utilized to help implement the program currently in place and to assess program progress by evaluating the results: • Advisory Committee • Students & Graduates of the Program • Affiliate Clinical Instructors • Parents of Program Students • Department Managers • Any other communities of interest

Evaluation tools that are utilized for program assessment are based on the program’s mission, goals, and objectives and include, but not limited to: • Graduate surveys • Student evaluations (clinical) • Employer surveys • Clinical competencies • Course and instructor evaluations • Performance/behavior evaluations • Clinical setting evaluations • Regularly scheduled meetings • Clinical instructor evaluations • Advisory committee • Clinical facility evaluations • Clinical instructors • Student evaluations (didactic) • Program faculty

Program Length, Scheduling & Advising The program is five semesters in length, including one summer. Classes and labs may be scheduled any time between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday. Students are also required to participate in clinical education at times scheduled by the program faculty. The assignments are designed to optimize the clinical experience. A student’s clinical schedule may include any time between 7:00 am and 10:30 pm, Monday through Friday during the semester, excluding holidays, fall and spring breaks, and other times of institutional closing, as published online in the college’s academic calendar. At no point in the program will the student’s combined time spent in the classroom, lab, and clinical exceed 40-hours per week. This time limit includes any general education classes. At no point in the student’s clinical education will the student’s clinical day routinely exceed 8½ hours, including lunch and breaks.

Classes begin on time, and you are expected to comply with class schedules. Attendance will be monitored, and the student is responsible for all material covered in lectures and labs sessions. Unexcused absences from class will not be tolerated and will result in the reduction of a grade as described in the applicable course syllabus.


The program faculty serves as your advisors, instructors, and mentors. We encourage you to make full use of our available resources in the capacities mentioned above, especially regarding future career goals that require academic planning beyond the program. The faculty keeps a minimum of 10 office hours per week. The schedule of these office hours is posted outside the faculty’s office and in all course syllabi. However, the faculty makes every effort to be available to the student whenever possible. We have an open-door policy; if we are in our office and not with another student, we are available, irrespective of office hours. We also strongly encourage contacting us via email or text messages at any time.

Expenses during the Program In addition to tuition, books, and travel expenses to class/clinical, other expenses the student will incur include: • Liability insurance • National Student Seminar (optional) • Uniforms & shoes • Honors Society dues (on invitation) • Leaded R/L identification markers • Graduation cap & gown (optional) • Immunizations • ARRT Registry Examination fee • Drug Screening and Background Check • KY Radiation Operator License fee • Maintaining CPR certification • KSP Background check for KBMIRT • Trajecsys Clinical Tracking App • There are no lab or radiation • Visible Body Software monitoring fees. • ASRT and/or KSRT membership (optional) • Travel & lodging expenses for a possible 3-weeks clinical rotation.

Dosimeter Exchange Policy New dosimeters will be placed in a combination lockbox located in the second-floor workroom of the Student Commons Building. Students are notified via e-mail when the new dosimeters have arrived and will then have two weeks from the date of the notification to exchange their dosimeters. After 4:30 pm on the last day of the two-week exchange period, dosimeters will be sent to the campus mailroom to be mailed back for processing.

Failure to exchange your dosimeter will result in your name not appearing on that quarter’s dosimetry report. Disciplinary actions for failure to exchange badges promptly and thereby not appear on a dosimetry report will be as follows:

1st occurrence Verbal warning (documentation will be put in student’s file) 2nd occurrence Written warning 3rd occurrence Dismissal from the program

Lost dosimeters count as an occurrence. Damaged dosimeter (e.g., went through the washer and dryer with your uniform), will be excused if accompanied by a written explanation.

Please understand the importance of monitoring your exposures to ionizing radiation and take it seriously. Dosimeter exchange will be a quarterly, or even monthly, occurrence for the remainder of your career; get habituated to it. Students may exchange a classmate's dosimeter only if they bring that person's old dosimeter for the exchange. You are not to take yours or a classmate's new dosimeter without an old one for exchange.


Student radiation dosimetry reports are considered public records provided that those reports do not contain a date of birth or social security number. Dosimetry reports are made available on a semi-private basis via scanned attachments sent to the student's email account. Dosimetry reports will be emailed to the student's school email account within 30 days of the report's arrival.

Military Service The program fully accommodates the schedule of any student that is a member of the uniformed services, including National Guard duties. These accommodations include training and deployment irrespective of length of time required.

Jury Duty The program feels strongly that jury duty is an important civic duty to insure a jury pool that accurately represents the idea of “jury of one’s peers.” As such, the program faculty will fully accommodate the student’s schedule regarding this service. Only under very extreme circumstances will the program director write a letter supporting the student’s exemption of jury duty.

Academic/Work-Related Religious Holidays and Dress Policy Federal law and Somerset Community College policies prohibit discrimination based on religious beliefs. Students who observe work-restricted religious holidays or a specific manner of dress must be allowed to do so without jeopardizing their academic standing in any course. Faculty are obligated to accommodate students' requests for adjustments in coursework on the grounds of religious observance or dress. The student makes such requests in writing during the first two weeks of the term.

Student Radiography Organization (RSO) The RSO is a student organization that does at least one community service event annually and funding raising, either for donation to a charitable organization or to finance travel to student conferences or events. There are no membership fees, and membership is voluntary.

National Honors Society Somerset Community College also sponsors a local chapter of the Lambda Nu National Honors Society for the Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, called the Kentucky Gamma Chapter of Lambda Nu. Induction into this honors society is by invitation. The student must meet the minimum standards of; at least one full-time semester in the radiography program, a cumulative GPA of 3.0, and a programmatic GPA of 3.0.


THE CURRICULUM Somerset Community College Associate in Applied Science

Radiography Program Curriculum

Prior to Program BIO 137 Human Anatomy & Physiology I 4 MAT 150 College Algebra 3

7

First Semester DMI 102 Medical Terminology for Radiographers 1 DMI 106 Patient Care in Radiography 3 DMI 108 Radiographic Procedures I 4 DMI 112 Image Production & Acquisition 3 BIO 139 Human Anatomy & Physiology II 4

15

Second Semester DMI 110 Practicum in Radiography 1 DMI 115 Pharmacology for Radiographers 2 DMI 118 Radiographic Procedures II 4 DMI 128 Radiographic Procedures III 3 ENG 101 Writing I 3

13

Third Semester DMI 120 Practicum in Radiography II 2 DMI 130 Practicum in Radiography III 2

4

Fourth Semester DMI 214 Radiographic Equipment & Quality Control 3 DMI 222 Image Analysis 2 DMI 224 Radiation Protection & Biology 2 DMI 230 Practicum in Radiography IV 4

Heritage or Humanities 3 14

Fifth Semester DMI 226 Radiographic Anatomy & Pathology 3 DMI 228 Seminars in Radiography 3 DMI 230 Practicum in Radiography V 4

Social Interaction 3 13

Total 66


Professional Core Curriculum Course Descriptions

DMI 102 – Medical Terminology for Radiographers (1) Content provides an introduction to the origins of medical terminology. A word-building system is introduced and abbreviations and symbols are discussed. Also introduced is an orientation to understanding radiographic orders and diagnostic report interpretation. Related terminology is addressed. Lecture: 1 credit (15 contact hours). Pre-requisite: Admission to the Radiography Program.

DMI 106 – Patient Care in Radiography (3) Provides the concepts of optimal patient care, including consideration for the physical and psychological needs of the patient and family. Routine and emergency patient care procedures are described, as well an infection control procedure using standard precautions. The role of the radiographer in patient education is identified. Also provides a foundation in ethics and law related to the practice of medical imaging. Students will examine a variety of ethical and legal issues found in clinical practice. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Lab: 1 credit (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: Admission to the radiography program.

DMI 108 – Radiographic Procedures I (4) Content provides the knowledge base necessary to perform standard imaging procedures and special studies. Consideration is given to the evaluation of optimal diagnostic images. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Lab: 2 credits (60 contact hours). Pre-requisite: BIO 137.

DMI 110 – Clinical Practicum I (1) Content and clinical practice experiences should be designed to sequentially develop, apply, critical analyze, integrate, synthesize and evaluate concepts and theories in the performance of radiologic procedures. Through structured, sequential, competency-based clinical assignments, concepts of team practice, patient-centered clinical practice and professional development are discussed, examined and evaluated. Practicum: 1 credit (90 contact hours). Pre-requisite: Admission to the radiography program. Pre- or Co-requisite: BIO 139.

DMI 112 — Principles of X-ray Production, Exposure & Image Acquisition (3) Establishes a basic knowledge of atomic structure and terminology. Presents the nature and characteristics of radiation, x-ray production and the fundamentals of photon interactions with matter. Establishes a knowledge base in factors that govern the image production process. Imparts an understanding of the components, principles and operation of digital imaging systems found in diagnostic radiology. Includes factors that impact image acquisition, display, archiving and retrieval are discussed. Presents the principles of digital system quality assurance and maintenance. Lecture: 3 credits (45 contact hours). Lab: 1 credit (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: MAT 150 or higher-level quantitative reasoning course.

DMI 115 – Pharmacology for Radiographers (2) Provides basic concepts of pharmacology, venipuncture and administration of diagnostic contrast agents. Explains the classification and scheduling of drugs. Emphasizes the appropriate delivery of patient care during radiographic procedures requiring the administration of contrast agents. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 106 and DMI 108.


DMI 118 — Radiographic Procedures II (4) Provides the knowledge base necessary to perform standard imaging procedures of the spine, cranium, facial bones, paranasal sinuses, upper gastrointestinal, lower gastrointestinal, and urinary system. Covers criteria for optimal diagnostic images, including anatomical structures shown, as well as corrective positioning action to be taken for sub-optimal images. Lecture: 3 credits (45 contact hours). Lab: 1 credit (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 108.

DMI 120 — Clinical Practicum II (3) Provides clinical experience through structured sequential competency based clinical assignments of the upper and lower extremities, bony and visceral thorax, and abdomen. Prerequisite: IMG 104 and IMG 106 and IMG 108 and IMG 109. Clinical: 3 credits (180 contact hours). Component: Clinical.

DMI 128 – Radiographic Procedures III (3) Content provides the knowledge base necessary to perform standard imaging procedures and special studies. Consideration is given to the evaluation of optimal diagnostic images. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Lab: 1 credit (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 108 & DMI 118.

DMI 130 — Clinical Practicum III (2) Content and clinical practice experiences should be designed to sequentially develop, apply, critical analyze, integrate, synthesize and evaluate concepts and theories in the performance of radiologic procedures. Through structured, sequential, competency-based clinical assignments, concepts of team practice, patient-centered clinical practice and professional development are discussed, examined and evaluated. Practicum: 2 credits (180 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 120.

DMI 214 — Imaging Equipment and Quality Control (3) Establishes a knowledge base in design, construction requirement, functions and use of radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, both fixed and mobile. Explains component and functions of various digital imaging processing and display systems. Provides a basic knowledge of quality control and federal regulation standards of operation for diagnostic radiographic equipment. Lecture: 3 credits (45 contact hours) Lab: 1 credit (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 114.

IMG 220 — Clinical Practicum IV (4) Content and clinical practice experiences should be designed to sequentially develop, apply, critical analyze, integrate, synthesize and evaluate concepts and theories in the performance of radiologic procedures. Through structured, sequential, competency-based clinical assignments, concepts of team practice, patient-centered clinical practice and professional development are discussed, examined and evaluated. Practicum: 4 credits (360 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 130.

DMI 222 – Image Analysis (2) Provides a basis for analyzing radiographic images. Includes the importance of optimal imaging standards, discussion of a problem-solving technique for image evaluation and the factors that can affect image quality. Includes the analysis of actual radiographic images. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 108 and DMI 118.


DMI 224 — Radiation Protection & Biology (2) Presents an overview of the principles of radiation protection, including the responsibilities of the radiographer for patients, personnel and the public. Radiation health and safety requirements of federal and state regulatory agencies, accreditation agencies and health care organizations are incorporated. Provides an overview of the principles of the interaction or radiation with living systems. Presents radiation effects on molecules, cells, tissues and the whole body. Introduces the factors affecting biological response are presented, including acute and chronic effects of radiation. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 114.

DMI 226 — Radiographic Anatomy & Pathology (3) Introduces concepts related to the classification of disease, etiology, epidemiology, treatment and prognosis. Delineates the appropriate imaging modality for the greatest diagnostic sensitivity. Describes the radiographic appearance of disease and its impact of exposure factor selections. Emphasized normal radiographic anatomy as an indicator and identification of pathologies. Lecture: 3 credits (45 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 108, DMI 118, and DMI 128.

DMI 228 — Radiography Seminar (3) Provides capstone information needed by the entry level radiographer; includes the radiography practitioner’s role in the health care delivery system, continuing education and professional development, advanced modalities, accreditation organizations, national registration and state licensure, as well as the benefits of membership and activity in professional societies. Examines the principles, practices and policies of health care organizations and the delivery of health care in the United States. Lecture: 3 credits (45 contact hours). Pre-requisite: Final semester in the radiography program. Meets the KCTCS computer literacy requirement.

DMI 230 — Clinical Practicum V (4) Designed to sequentially develop, apply, critical analyze, integrate, synthesize and evaluate concepts and theories in the performance of radiologic procedures. Through structured, sequential, competency-based clinical assignments, concepts of team practice, patient-centered clinical practice and professional development are discussed, examined and evaluated. Lecture: 2 credits (30 contact hours). Pre-requisite: DMI 220.

Graduation Requirements To graduate with an Associate in Applied Science degree in Radiography from Somerset Community College, the student must meet the following requirements: • Meet the requirement for graduation as determined by the KCTCS and Somerset Community

College for AAS degree. (See the KCTCS catalog for requirements). • Compete BIO 137, BIO 139, & MAT 150 with a minimum of a “C” letter grade in each course,

and the three non-science and/or math general education courses required for the degree, with a minimum of a “D” letter grade in each course.

• Complete the 48 credit hours of Radiography (DMI) courses, with a minimum of a “C” letter grade in each course.

• Complete all 36 of the mandatory, 15 electives, and 10 general patient care competencies required by the ARRT. One elective must be from the head region and two of the elective must be selected form fluoroscopic studies.

• Complete and submit the SCC application for Graduation and Exit Survey prior to due date.


Course Syllabi Syllabi will be posted on BlackBoard before the first day of class. Syllabi will contain grading procedure, course outline, course description, student expectations, and other pertinent information needed for the course.

Class Absenteeism If a student is absent from a class, he/she is to notify the instructor before the course begins via email, text, or phone call. Failure to inform the instructor will result in an unexcused absence. Unexcused absences will affect your final grade. More than two unexcused absences will result in course failure. Just because a student calls a faculty member to report his/her absence does not guarantee that the absence will be excused, but the decision will be left to the faculty member's discretion. The program faculty reserves the right to resort to disciplinary action if the student establishes a pattern of call-ins.

Didactic Course Exams Examinations, including lab practical exams and quizzes, may not be made up unless special arrangements have been made with the instructor before the exam or quiz. Each course syllabi addresses the instructor's late and make-up work policy.

Program Grading Policy & Consequences of Course Failure The radiography program is a selective admissions program and sets higher academic standards than that of the general student population. Students in the radiography program must receive a minimum letter grade of a "C" in all professional and clinical education courses before graduating with an AAS degree in Radiography. Radiography courses are often prerequisites for the following course. Failure to complete a professional or clinical course with a minimum letter grade of a "C" will necessitate repeating the course before progressing further in the program. Since the program only offers each professional course once a year, and since each semester's offering is a prerequisite for the next, failure of a professional course will require the student to sit out until the course is offered the following year.

The grading scale for all courses in the radiography program is as follows: 93-100 A; 86-92 B; 78-85 C; 70-77 D; 0-69 E

Readmission to the Program that is not Due to Failure or Disciplinary Action Readmission to the radiography program due to failure will be dependent upon available resources, such as clinical site availability and program capacity. The readmitted student will be required to repeat professional courses (including didactic or clinical practice) already completed by the student before departure, as deemed appropriate by the program faculty as determined by testing. The readmitted student will be advised of courses to be repeated in their readmission letter. Reapplication does not guarantee readmission. A reapplying student can be readmitted only once. Students dismissed due to disciplinary action are not eligible for reapplication.


Failed Exam Counseling Policy When a student fails an exam (written or practical), she/he must complete a “failed exam counseling form” and submit it to the instructor and review the form with the instructor. The objective of this policy is to quickly identify issues the student has with the material, their study practices, or any problems that may be affecting the student’s performance. This process is intended to increase student’s chances for success in the program.

Continued Evidence of Radiographic Exposure Principles The primary reason for licensure by the Kentucky Board of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (KBMIRT), is to ensure the safety of the public during exposure to ionizing radiation. For this reason, the selecting of appropriate exposure factors is crucial. During Clinical Practicums II, III, IV, and V, students will be assessed on image acquisition and radiographic exposures. The student who does not pass the assessment will not be allowed in the clinic until they have passed a second assessment exam. The student will be tutored on the principles before reassessment. The student is allowed only two attempts per clinical practicum to pass the assessment. The second failure will result in failure of the practicum and subsequent dismissal from the program.

Clinical Performance Counseling Policy If any issues regarding a student’s clinical performance, either reported by the site’s clinical instructors, witnessed by faculty, or evidenced by a low clinical exam score, the student will meet with the Clinical Coordinator and Program Director to discuss the issues and formulate a corrective plan of action. Students will not be allowed in the clinic if they cannot demonstrate knowledge of the principles of radiography or are unable to perform clinically at their expected competency level. This policy is for protecting patients and for the benefit of the student’s own experience and education. Faculty will provide resources to bring the student’s skill level up to standard, but a student must utilize them. If a student is counseled and does not show improvement as determined by the counseling session and faculty in the assigned amount of time, the student will be dismissed from the program.

Cheating, Plagiarism and Falsification Policy The definitions of cheating, plagiarism and falsification are included in each course syllabi. The radiography program has zero-tolerance for cheating, plagiarism, and falsifications of records. On the first offense, the student will receive a failing grade for the assignment, exam, and/or the course. Additionally, the student will be suspended for one day. The student is also advised that dismissal or suspension for academic dishonesty will be reported to the American Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT), resulting in detrimental consequences on one’s ARRT examination eligibility, even if the student enrolls in another radiography program.


THE CLINIC Clinical Assignments An essential aspect of any allied health program is the actual hands-on aspect of clinical education. Students in the radiography program begin clinical rotation during the second semester of the program. The program has agreements with several clinical sites that offer various radiographic procedures and learning experiences. Students are informed of clinical assignments as soon as possible. Students will complete rotations at a minimum of 3 clinical sites during their enrollment in the program. Mandatory orientation sessions for clinical sites are required by some clinical sites and may be scheduled outside of the student's regular schedule. The student will be given credit for clinical time spent in these orientation sessions.

Students are responsible travel expenses to clinical sites. Depending on where the student lives, travel times to clinical sites may be as much as one-hour or more. Since the program has memorandum of agreements (MOA) with facilities near the campus, if a student lives more than one-hour from campus, they will not be expected to travel a greater distance to clinical. The program has MOAs with distant clinical site(s) that provide the opportunity for a higher volume and variety of trauma and pediatrics than our regular clinical sites can offer. Rotations to these sites is voluntary, however, travel and any lodging expenses will be the responsibility of the student.

As guests, students are to abide by the behavioral rules and regulations of the hosting clinical facility, which include, but are not limited to, smoking and tattoo/piercing policies. Students should be aware that visible tattoos are to be covered when in specific clinics, and anybody's piercings other than earlobes are to be removed. If a student reports to the clinical site smelling of cigarette smoke, they will be sent home and will face disciplinary action according to the program's progressive disciplinary policy, found on pages 41-42 in this handbook.

Requirements for Placement in the Clinical Setting Since we are guests in the clinical facilities, the student must abide by the policies and procedures of the assigned clinical facilities. Specific requirements for our clinical sites include:

• Proof of CPR certification (must be maintained throughout the program). • Proof of Hep-B vaccination or signed declination form. • Proof of vaccination or immunity for:

o Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) o Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (T-DAP) o Varicella (Chicken Pox) o Tuberculosis Skin Test (PPD) or Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) or Chest

radiograph exam. Multiple TB (PPD) skin tests may be required depending on the assigned clinical site and the timing of clinical rotation.

o Formal new employee orientation (if required) must be completed prior to first day of clinic.

o Flu vaccination. o Recommended but not required, Covid-19 vaccination. If the student declines to be

vaccinated, they must wear a mask in the classroom, labs, and clinic at all times.


Insurance Requirements The radiography program requires each student to maintain liability insurance and cannot be waived. The cost of the liability insurance is $11 per semester and is automatically added tuition.

Background Check and Drug Screening Clinical sites require annual background checks and drug screening for all students entering programs in the Health Sciences. This policy is intended to ensure a safe clinical environment for both students and the public and meet the contractual requirements of area healthcare facilities.

All the health programs at Somerset Community College use Castle Branch as our background check and drug screening provider. More specific information regarding the procedures and cost of these screenings will be covered by the Clinical Coordinator’s clinical education orientation during the second semester in the program. Only the Dean of Health Sciences has access to the background and drug screenings results. Occasionally issues do arise during these screenings that can be resolved. If any problem arises from the screenings, you will be contacted by the Dean of Health Sciences to discuss those issues and possible resolutions.

Students fail to pass a background check or drug screening cannot continue enrollment in radiography program.

A more detailed information regarding policies and expectations in the clinical site can be found on pages 24-31 of this handbook.


Clinical Education Facilities and Clinical Instructors

Baptist Health Corbin 1Trillium Way Corbin, KY 40701 (606) 528-1212 Clinical Instructor(s): William Lay, Denise Bowling, Dallas Ervin Monica Lawson, Natasha Gambrel Richard Russell, Wm. Robert Anderson

Cumberland County Hospital 299 Glasgow Road Burkesville, KY 42717 (270) 864-2511 Clinical Instructor(s): Jerome Barrier, Carla Smith & Rhonda Anderson

Ephraim McDowell Fort Logan Hospital 110 Metker Trail Stanford, KY 40484 (606) 365-2187 Clinical Instructor(s): James Dye & Joe McKenzie

Ephraim McDowell Regional Medical Center 217 South Third Street Danville, KY 40422 (859) 239-1000 Clinical Instructor(s): Sarah Jenkins

Imaging Center (Part of LCRH) 27 Imaging Drive Somerset, KY 42501 (606) 451-0134 Clinical Instructor(s): Amber Frye

The James B. Haggin Memorial Hospital 464 Linden Avenue Harrodsburg, KY 40330 (859) 734-5441 Clinical Instructor(s): Barbara Bottom, Nina Robinson & Jeremy Burton

Lake Cumberland Medical Associates (Part of LCRH) 350 Hospital Way Somerset, KY 42501 (606) 451-2600 Clinical Instructor(s): Rhonda Wells

Lake Cumberland Regional Hospital 305 Langdon Street Somerset, KY 42501 (606) 679-3175 Clinical Instructor(s): Audree Powell, Ashley Perry, Marcus Mitchell, Christopher Johnson & Katrina Belcher

The Medical Center at Albany 723 Burkesville Road Albany, KY 42602 (606) 387-3600 Clinical Instructor(s): Joanna Cross

Rockcastle Hospital & Respiratory Care Center 145 Newcomb Avenue Mt. Vernon, KY 40456 (606) 256-7712 Clinical Instructor(s): Scotty Stogsdill

Russell County Hospital 153 Dowell Road Russell Springs, KY 42642 (270) 866-4141 ext. Clinical Instructor(s): Bailey Aaron & Nina Bradshaw

Wayne County Hospital 166 Hospital Street Monticello, KY (606) 348-9343 Clinical Instructor(s): Kara Burke, Holly Scalf & Sue Ellen Honeycutt


Clinical Instructor Qualifications & Responsibilities

Each clinical education facility shall have a least one designated Clinical Instructor (CI). The CI shall be selected by the joint decision of the clinical education setting administration and the program faculty. This collective decision must be made with a commitment to quality education, and the designated person shall meet the qualification for Clinical Instructors as defined in Standards for an Accredited Educational Program in Radiological Sciences as mandated by the JRCERT. The minimum qualifications for CI are as follows: • Shall be a radiographer with a minimum of two-years professional experience. • Shall be qualified in appropriate education methodologies. • Shall be credentialed by The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists and licensed by

the state of Kentucky Board of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. • Shall demonstrate proficiency in the profession.

The CI will be responsible for coordinating all students assigned to his/her clinical education setting. Together with the Radiography Program’s Clinical Coordinator, the CI will ensure that all students meet the minimum clinical competency level through observation and evaluation. Other functions and duties of the clinical instructor include: • The clinical instructor is expected to dedicate a minimum of 25% of his/her time to the

supervision of student activities in the clinical setting. • In conjunction with the clinical coordinator, the clinical instructor shall coordinate activities of

students assigned to his/her clinical facility. • Educate staff technologists and co-workers on educational responsibilities, student

requirements, clinical education policies and procedures. • Serves on the general faculty of the Somerset Community College Health Division by volunteer

clinical appointment. • Performs as communications liaison between the radiography program and the diagnostic

imaging department and take measures to ensure that adequate channels of communication between the hospital and the college are maintained.

• Works with the program faculty and the clinical faculty to assess the quality of the clinical education program on a continuing basis and to suggest necessary modifications.

• Serves as a member of the program’s advisory committee to assist the program faculty in the evaluation and coordination of the radiography program.

• Cooperates with the program coordinator, faculty coordinator of clinical education, and other members of the faculty to develop and implement an acceptable plan for clinical instruction, supervision, and evaluation of student radiographers.

• Inspires student dedication toward their chosen profession and a genuine concern for the care and wellbeing of the patient.

• Ensuring that each student receives a proper orientation to the clinical facility. • Ensuring that each student is assigned to each area of the diagnostic imaging department as

required by the program faculty and the program clinical education plan. • Enforcing all program and clinical education facility policies, rules, and regulations. • Ensuring that students are not routinely pulled from their assigned room or area rotation. • Ensuring that students are not used in place of employees by strictly enforcing the supervision

and repeat radiograph policies.


• Submitting student performance evaluation to program faculty in a timely manner. • Informing the program of any deficiencies that the student may have so that a remediation

program may be developed and implemented. • Counseling each student on the evaluation of his/her clinical performance, including attitude,

professional conduct, quality of work, etc. • Referring all disciplinary problems dealing with students (via telephone, e-mail, or in writing)

to a program faculty member. • Keeping confidential records of any conference they have with students concerning progress,

disciplinary actions, or other areas relating to the students’ activities in the clinical setting. • Observing students in the clinical setting to ensure adequate progress. • The CI shall relay radiography program policies and procedures for clinical education to the

staff technologists in the clinical education facility. • The CI shall attend conference with the clinical coordinator to communicate on student

evaluation and instructional techniques. • The CI shall work closely with the clinical coordinator to ensure that each student meets the

program’s clinical education requirements in a timely fashion. • Shall provide program faculty an updated resume, ARRT certification and license records for

documentation and accreditation.

Each student assigned to a clinical education facility will receive an appropriate orientation to the diagnostic imaging department. Information to be included in the orientation: • Tour of the department. • Introduction to staff technologists. • Introduction to radiologists. • Parking locations and rules for student parking. • Department policies and procedures. • Review of all equipment the students are expected to interact with. • Technical standards, indicator number ranges, and imaging protocols. • Evaluation of requisitions, confirming orders, and history taking. • Lunch and break schedules. • Lockers, personnel rest rooms, etc. • Fire and other emergency disaster procedures. • Hospital protocols on standard precautions.

Student Clinical Rotations The clinical instructor shall receive the rotational schedule for the students assigned to their facility, including the rotation weeks, the days and times in attendance, vacation and holiday schedules, as well as semester starting and ending dates.

Enforcement of the Clinical Supervision Policy It is the clinical instructor’s responsibility to ensure that students in the clinical setting are supervised at all times. Students must be under the direct supervision of the clinical instructor or staff technologists until competency is achieved. Direct supervision requires that the technologist is in the room with the student radiographer. After the student has proved competency, by evaluating on a particular procedure, the student may perform that procedure under indirect


supervision. Indirect supervision requires that the technologist is in the immediate vicinity of the student. Therefore, a student MAY NOT be sent to do portables or surgery by themselves, as this would not constitute immediate vicinity.

Enforcement of the Repeat Image Policy It is the clinical instructor’s responsibility to ensure that any student who must repeat a radiograph for any reason must do so under the direct supervision of the clinical instructor or a staff technologist. This policy is designed to protect the patient from unnecessary exposure and to allow the technologist an opportunity to explain to the student why the image needs to be repeated and what can be done to correct the error. The practice of evaluating radiographs before repeats are taken is an excellent educational opportunity for the student and encourages an open discussion and analysis of radiographic quality between the clinical faculty and the students. Clinical Instructors are encouraged to make sure that students get ample opportunity to view their own radiographs on a regular basis and should make every effort to critique radiographs with students regularly.

The regulations regarding direct and indirect supervision are mandates from the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology and are laid out in the Educational Standards. These guidelines are designed to protect the patient, student, technologist, hospital, and the program. Any facility found to violate the supervision policies may be in danger of losing the status of an approved clinical education center.

Clinical instructors are also responsible for assuring that students are not used as substitutes for paid staff in ways that are not educationally relevant. Students should be allowed to remain in their assigned rotation as long as procedures are being performed. If no procedures are being performed in that area, the student should be re-assigned to another radiography area. Students may not be used to fill support areas such as answering phones, etc., beyond their clinical education. Clinical instructors should also be sure that students get a lunch break when the student is assigned for more than 5 hours, and should be allowed to leave the clinic on time at the end of their shift. Any deviations from these mandates may result in removing students from that clinical site for a determined length of time.


Program Environment and Expectations As a student in a health care program, you must be prepared to carry out the expectations of a generalist in your chosen occupational area. The faculty believes that you should be aware of the physical, emotional, and environmental considerations of the health care system. The clinical expectations of the health occupations programs include:

Work Environment: • Works in usually well-maintained areas of various light intensities due to the 24-hour nature of

the health care industry. • The health care industry is considered an OSHA-CDC Category I environment. This

classification includes “tasks that involve exposure to blood, body fluids or tissues.” The environment includes all procedures or other job-related tasks involving an inherent potential for mucous membrane, skin contact with blood, body fluids with visible blood, or other fluids and tissues, or a potential for spills or splashes. Protective barriers are required.

• Subject to frequent interruption and long, irregular hours in a stressful environment. • Must be able to maintain concentration in fine detail while remaining alert to the environment. • Communicate effectively, in writing, electronically, and verbally with various individuals of

diverse position, race, creed, color, national origin, religion, age, disability, and temperament. These individuals include physicians, health care facility management, patients, families, visitors, and other healthcare team members.

• May be exposed to hostile patients or other sources of violence in the workplace. • May be exposed to infectious or communicable diseases such as hepatitis, HIV/AIDS,

tuberculosis, herpes, and COVID-19. • Must be able to tolerate environmental fluctuations of temperature, humidity, and noise levels. • May be exposed to hazardous materials such as various biological agents, including blood,

feces, urine or other identified or unknown body fluids. Various types of ionizing nuclear materials in different kinds and amounts under reasonably anticipated situations. Various types of flammable agents are used in the health care industry. Various explosive hazards, both from known and unknown sources. Various chemical hazards, including but not limited to carcinogens; teratogens; poisons; & asphyxiates.

Physical Requirements The student radiographer must be able to:

• Sit, bend, stoop, crouch or crawl, reach overhead, turn, lift, and move, sometimes in tight spaces, intermittently throughout the clinical experience and the program.

• Seizing, grasping, holding, turning, twisting, or otherwise manipulating with the hand or hands for injections, equipment setup, etc.

• Picking, pinching, and other fine motor skills with the fingers for venipuncture, catheterization or cannulization, equipment setup, etc.

• Lift and move supplies, equipment, medical records, patients, etc., as needed. • Depending on position, must be able to lift 50 pounds without assistance, 100-250 pounds

with assistance. Must be able to carry objects weighing 50 pounds or more in the area of duty. Must be able to move by pulling or pushing, up to 250 pounds by a wheeled device.

• Retrieve supplies and equipment from the floor to elevated shelving, requiring moving mobile access equipment, e.g., ladders, stools, carts, etc.


• Be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation for any age group without accommodation for at least 15-30 minutes.

• Possess excellent eye-hand coordination for venipuncture, palpation of landmarks, and maintenance of sterile environments.

• Perceive such attributes of objects and materials as size, shape, relative temperature, texture, motion, etc., employing receptors in the skin to measure a patient’s pulse or skin condition.

• Ability to perceive or recognize similarities or subtle differences in colors, or in the shape or other values of the same color; to identify a particular color or its components in an individual’s skin color as an assessment of wellness, etc.

• See objects closely, as in reading a glass thermometer and patient observation. • Possess speech and hearing skills and abilities, which must permit effective use of a

conventional telephone system. Additionally, one must perceive the nature of sound, including soft voice, by ear, to respond appropriately.

• Remember task/assignment for an entire shift. • Due to liability issues for the clinical site, a student on “limited” or “light” duty or has any

medical restrictions that prevent them from performing day-to-day clinical duties will not be allowed to go to clinic. If the student is not taken off medical restrictions within a reasonable time, they cannot continue the program. A reasonable time is defined as that time which can be made up before graduation with their cohorts or within one semester after their cohort’s graduation, e.g., by August 1 following their scheduled graduation date in May.

General Expectations of the Radiography Student in the Clinic Each student must have the following materials when in the clinic: dosimeter, photo name badge, lead identification markers, ink pen, and the ability access to electronic clinical documentation forms.

Clinical Dress Code Appropriate uniform: o Tops

o Navy o Plain, 2-3 Pocket V-neck o No wraps, designs, special cuts. o Clean, neat, and wrinkle-free.

• Bottoms o Navy o Straight or bootcut leg. o The bottom hem must not drag the floor and must be long enough to cover socks while

walking. o Clean, neat, and wrinkle-free.

• Shoes o Tennis shoes, nursing, or healthcare shoes. o Navy, gray, black, or white with only small amounts of color detail. o Due to safety risks (needle sticks, bodily fluids, trips & falls), the following shoe types

are not allowed in the classroom, lab, or clinic:


• CROCs or any similar rubber shoes, with or without perforations. • Flip-flops or similar sandal. • Elevated sole/heels. • Open-toe, open-heel, or perforations of any kind. • Clogs.

• Undershirts o Navy, black or white. o Camisole, tank top, or t-shirt type. o Tucked into pants, with bottom hem not visible. o Sleeves of undershirt must not visible below uniform top. o No V-necks. o No visible graphics.

• Socks o Any style, color, pattern is allowed. o Must not be visible while walking

• Masks when required o Solid colors or minimal pattern. o Sticking to the color palette of the program is strongly encouraged. o No words or graphics unrelated to the SCC Radiography Program.

• Scrub jackets o Optional. o Navy only. o Plain, 2-3 pocket. o No designs or special cuts or personal jackets.

• Accessories and Hygiene: o Radiation monitoring dosimeter. o SCC photo name tag with student lanyard or badge reel. o Lanyard or badge reel must be approved by faculty.

• Neutral colors and patterns preferred. • Sticking to the color palette of the program is strongly encouraged. • Reels can have decorations, but they should lay close to the reel and not have items

that dangle or could fall off. • Jewelry

o Rings, on one hand, flush to skin. o No high mounted stones or parts. o One small pendant style necklace. o Small post style earrings. o No dangle or hoop earrings.

• Nails o No acrylic or false nails. o Fingernail polish clean and unchipped o No graphics, decorations, or special cuts.

• Hair o Long hair beyond shoulder length must be pulled or pinned back. o Hair should not fall forward into the face.


o Hair accessories should lay close to the head and not have items that dangle or could fall off.

o Neutral colors and patterns preferred. o Sticking to the color palette of the program is strongly encouraged. o Hair can be dyed but must meet the requirements of the clinical site attending.

• Hygiene o Frequent/daily bathing. o Clean hair. o Daily use of deodorant. o No perfume, aftershave, or scented lotions. o Must not smell of smoke. o Dental hygiene maintained. o No spray tanning or tanning lotions.

• Tattoos o Students are expected to cover visible tattoos if required by the clinical site.

• Cell Phones o Cell phones are allowed only to clock in on Trajesy. o Students may use cell phones to make calls only during scheduled breaks and then only

appropriate break areas.

Functions of the Student Radiographer • A student radiographer is taught to assist radiologists, other physicians, and radiographers in

patient care in the medical imaging department. • The student radiographer, under the direct or indirect, based on competency, supervision of a

registered radiographer, RT(R), will be able to perform the following duties in the medical imaging department: o Identify patients. o Transport patients from the holding area and prepare them for radiographic procedures. o Assemble supplies for radiographic procedures. o Maintain cleanliness, safety, and efficiency of the radiographic room. o Practice aseptic techniques and universal precautions. o Become familiar with all equipment necessary for radiographic examinations. o Select technical factors and adjust for quality and situational considerations. o Positions patients for procedures. o Produce quality radiographic images. o Students are never to be used in place of employees while in the clinical setting. A

student utilized in this fashion should notify the program faculty immediately.

Clinical Responsibilities • All students will:

o Report to clinical assignment in an alert condition. o Report to clinical assignment in the proper complete uniform. o Not smoke in areas where it is prohibited. o Not chew gum while on clinical assignment. o Not eat-in areas not specifically designated for that purpose.


o Not leave the clinical assignment for meals without the permission of the clinical instructor.

o Not use the clinical affiliate’s telephone for personal use. o Not refuse to accept assignments made by the clinical instructor commensurate with the

student’s capabilities. o Not leave the assigned area within the medical imaging department. o Not leave patients unattended while undergoing radiographic procedures. o Not sign-in or otherwise fill in the attendance record of another student. o Not accept any gratuity from a patient or a patient’s family. o Not alter or falsify his/her attendance record in any way. o Follow the imaging protocol of the facility. o Maintain a professional attitude and civility in all interactions o Be humble and curious in their questioning of a technologist’s actions or process and

avoid condescension and arrogance. o Will not question the technologist’s actions in a condescending tone, but will maintain

curiosity and integrity. o Utilize their markers as a signature and an indication of ownership. o Not allow others to use their markers. o See all exams they are participating in to completion unless otherwise directed by the

supervising radiographer. o Participate in all exams being performed. o Participate in technologist activities if there are no exams being performed. o Work on clinical assignments or expectation list if there is downtime. o Not work on personal items except educationally valid material. o Not do homework or study while exams or other duties are needing to be performed. o While on a clinical assignment, the student will not engage in conduct as defined by clinical

affiliation rules and regulations, governing bodies and the college’s student handbook or catalog as behavior contradictory to the standards of a registered technologist.

Student Responsibilities in the Radiographic Room • The student will be assigned to specific clinical areas by the college faculty and appropriate

clinical instructor. • The student will be responsible for all technical assignments given him/her by the supervising

staff technologist. • The student will assist with all work assigned to the clinical area and will not leave the clinical

area without the knowledge of the supervising staff technologist. • The student will perform all related duties as instructed by the supervising technologist in the

area, e.g., cleaning the equipment and restocking supplies. • The student will ensure that the correct patient is examined. • The student will ensure the safety of the patient, assisting patients on and off the radiographic

table and aiding them as necessary to prevent physical harm. • The student will follow appropriate infection control precautions when dealing with all

patients. • The student will remain with a patient in a radiographic room or request a staff member to stay

with at patient if the student must leave the room.


• The student will not operate equipment without qualified supervision direct or indirect supervision according to the student’s competency.

• The student will maintain the patient’s dignity and right to privacy at all times; never unnecessarily exposing the patient’s body and ensuring that all patients be properly robed and draped.

• For the sake of privacy and radiation safety, the student will keep doors to the radiographic room closed whenever a patient is in the room for an examination.

• The student needs to be familiar with first aid supplies with the radiographic room and the department’s emergency carts locations. It must be remembered that in an acute emergency, solicit help and stay with the patient to aid him/her until help arrives. Know the code number to call for assistance,

• The student must keep the room in order and supplied with items necessary for the radiographic procedure and basic patient care, e.g., linen, emesis basins, gloves, etc.

• The student will keep tables and equipment clean and free of dust, barium, and other contrast materials.

• When necessary, the student will assist in returning patients to their rooms. • Students are not to remove splints, bandages, or dressings without direct supervision of a staff

registered radiographer, nurse, or physician.

Dependability, Attendance, and Punctuality The radiography program curriculum is such that a student must attend both the didactic and clinical components of the program. Absenteeism and tardiness develop undesirable traits that are often very difficult to change, and therefore, must be kept to a minimum. These qualities also demonstrate a lack of responsibility and dependability, which are essential to ensure that patients are given the high quality of patient care they deserve. • Occurrence – Any time not at a scheduled clinical site: absent, tardy; excused or unexcused. All

occurrences, excused or not, must be made up, and the clinical coordinator and student must sign a make-up contract.

• Tardy is defined as a clinical absence greater than 7 minutes but less than the entire scheduled shift. This tardiness can occur at any time during the shift: coming in late, leaving early, or returning from breaks late.

• Absence is the clinical absence of a full shift. • An excused absence is defined as an absence known in advance with the approval of the clinical

coordinator and make-up time scheduled. • Excused occurrences must be scheduled greater than 24 hours in advance and must be reported

to both the clinical coordinator and the clinical instructor at the assigned site by the student. • A student is allowed one excused occurrence in each grading period. Other occurrences outside

of this amount, when not prescribed by faculty, will be named as unexcused. • An unexcused tardy is a tardiness without prior approval of the clinical coordinator OR

notification to the clinical coordinator AND clinical instructor or floor supervisor at the assigned site within 24 hours of the scheduled time. Also: any excused tardy greater than the allowed amount for that grading period.

• Bereavement leave for immediate family, e.g., parent, sibling, spouse, child, or grandparent, will not count as an occurrence.

• Medical leaves for the same condition or illness will count as one occurrence only.


• If scheduled before the beginning of the clinical rotation, concurrent days off will count as one occurrence.

Scheduling Concurrent Excused Absences Students may schedule up to three concurrent clinical days off (absences) one time during the duration of the program. These days must be scheduled with the clinical coordinator before the beginning of the clinical rotation and at least two weeks before the scheduled time off begins. This arrangement includes vacations, elective medical procedures, or recovery from medical procedures. These planned excused absences will count as one occurrence unless they are due to bereavement or unplanned medical leave.

Unexcused Tardiness Penalties: 1st infraction: no grade penalty. 2nd infraction: verbal warning and conference with program faculty; notification to the program director. 3rd infraction: written warning and conference with program faculty; notification to department dean 4th infraction: dismissal from the program.

Clinical Call-In Procedure If an unexcused occurrence is inevitable: • Notify the clinical instructor or floor supervisor at the clinical site; speak directly to them. • Notify the clinical coordinator. • Neglecting the call-in procedure for tardiness will result in a written warning and counseling.

A second infraction of ignoring the call-in procedure for tardiness will result in dismissal from the program.

• Neglecting the call-in procedure for absences will result in dismissal from the program.

Clinical Performance Counseling Policy If there are any issues regarding a student’s clinical performance, either reported by the site’s Clinical Instructors, witnessed by faculty, or evidenced by a low clinical exam score; the student will meet with the Clinical Coordinator and Program Director to discuss the issues and formulate a corrective plan of action. This policy is for the protection of patients and the benefit of the student’s own experience and education. Faculty will provide resources to bring the student’s skill level up to standard, but a student must utilize them. If a student is counseled and does not show improvement as determined by the counseling session and faculty in the assigned amount of time, the student will be dismissed from the program.

Patient Transportation Policy Students cannot transport inpatients, whether ambulatory, wheelchair, or stretcher, without the direct supervision of a hospital employee. Students are not to transport emergency department patients that require stretchers or the use of oxygen or cardiac monitor without direct supervision of a hospital employee. Students are permitted to transport outpatients and emergency department patients that are ambulatory or in a wheelchair, provided they have been checked off on the department’s patient transportation orientation and is consistent with the department’s policy.


Patient Restraints/Holding Patients for Radiographic Procedures Radiography students shall restrain patients only when necessary for the radiographic procedure. They shall also use restraining methods that are acceptable by the policies of the imaging department and that are appropriate and as minimal as possible. Students are never to hold a patient for a radiographic exposure. However, it is acceptable to hold and assist patients, when necessary, for fluoroscopic procedures. In these cases, appropriate protective equipment, such as thyroid shields and leaded gloves, must be utilized. Students are not allowed to stand directly at the head or foot of the table during fluoroscopic procedures other than very briefly to assist a patient as needed. Students must step away from the head or foot of the table whenever possible.

Illness or Injury in the Clinical Setting All accidents, major or minor, that occur to employees, patients, students or equipment must be reported to a supervisor immediately, and an Incident/Accident Report must be filled out. If an accident or injury occurs to a student, that student will be treated as a visitor to the clinical facility. The student must take responsibility for any financial burden which may be a result of necessary treatment. A copy of the incident report should be forwarded to the program office as soon as possible. The program faculty should be notified when a student becomes sick or is injured in the clinical setting.

Incident Reporting in the Clinical Setting All incidents occurring in a clinical affiliate in which a report is made must be reported to the program office within 24 business hours. Incident reports must be made in writing for the following: • Injury to a patient. • Injury to hospital personnel. • Injury to a visitor. • Personal injury. • Any form of accident in which you observed the occurrence on hospital property, but were

not directly involved. • Loss of a patient’s personal belongings. • Equipment misuses. • Any other unusual occurrence.

Accidents Involving Patients in the Clinical Setting • Immediately call a physician to check the patient. • Report all accidents, regardless of how minor they seem, to the appropriate person (supervisor). • Complete appropriate forms immediately. • Report the incident to program faculty as soon as reasonably possible.

General Safety Rules The student shall be the person most concerned for his/her safety. In addition, each student has specific duties to assure safety for the general public, patient, and other personnel. These include: • The use of safe practices at all times. • Reporting all unsafe conditions and practices observed to their supervisor immediately. • Never use unsafe equipment that could endanger themselves or others. • Thinking safety and acting safely in performing any duties assigned to them.


• Ambulatory patients shall sit in the waiting room until a radiographer is ready to take the patient into the appropriate room.

• An aide will stay with any critically ill patient until the room he/she is to go into is ready. • All emergency room patients will remain in the ER until the x-ray room is ready. • Patients who are difficult to move should remain on the x-ray table, with supervision, until

the radiographer checks the images. • Critical patients and patients having special examinations should not be left unattended in

the x-ray rooms while waiting for images to be processed. • A radiography student will secure help in moving patients who come to their work area in a

wheelchair and are difficult to move. • Wheelchairs are to be locked before patients are helped on or off the x-ray table. • A footstool should be used when helping ambulatory patients onto the x-ray table. • The student must lock the stretcher when moving patients onto the x-ray table, or any other

kind or table, to prevent the stretcher from moving. • The student will not try to lift or do any job that is beyond his or her physical capabilities

and remember the basic rules of proper lifting: use leg and arm muscles to avoid straining the back, do not carry loads you cannot see over, hold loads near the body to avoid back strain, watch footing.

Electrical Safety The student is obligated to report any hazards or machine malfunctions immediately to the designated supervisor. Please attempt to describe the equipment failure or malfunction as accurately as possible, in technical terminology.

Fire Safety It is the responsibility of every student to become familiar with the fire rules and regulations of the department to which he/she is assigned. Be certain that the supervisor is notified of any fire, regardless of how small or insignificant it may seem. The greatest danger in a hospital fire is panic caused by the fire and smoke. You can prevent such panic by remaining calm, by reassuring the patient, and by quick and appropriate action.

If you are the first person to spot a fire in the building: Do not shout “fire!” Be calm; reassure patients that there is plenty of help to assist them. Remember the acronym “RACE.”

Rescue—any patient or person from the area Alarm—know the location of fire alarms in the department Contain—the fire by closing all doors Extinguish—using a fire extinguisher if possible or evacuate—if fire is excessive

Be familiar with the correct number to dial to report a fire in your assigned clinical area. Do not attempt to use elevators.

Environmental Conditions Students must follow standard precautions as described by the Centers for Disease Control when assigned to a clinical education center. The following is a list of particulars which the student must follow while in the clinic: • Use appropriate hand washing techniques.


• Wear gloves at all times when there is a possibility of contact with blood and body fluids. • Cover all compromised skin that could come in contact with blood and body fluids. • Do not recap needles that have been used on patients; • Clean all equipment with disinfectant provided by the department, especially all patient contact

surfaces. • Gowns, masks, and goggles should be worn when there is a possibility of splashed blood or

body fluids such as surgery or trauma.

Students receive instruction on standard precautions during DMI 106 Patient Care and other courses as appropriate. A review of hospital protocol should be explained to students, by the facility's clinical instructor, during the orientation period of their clinical rotation.

Medical and surgical aseptic techniques are to be used while in the clinical site for the well-being of both the patients and the student. Students are required to know, understand, and follow the infection control policies of the affiliates where they are assigned, as well as standard, airborne, droplet, and contact precautions as described by the Centers for Disease Control. Each clinical instructor will give an overview of the infection control policies during the student’s orientation to the department.

Radiation Safety Rules for Clinical Rotations The following rules have been established for the student’s protection against ionizing radiation during hospital and clinical observation and procedures and must be strictly adhered to: 1. During the activation of the overhead x-ray tube, the student radiographer must place his/her

body completely behind or within the control booth and observe through the leaded window. 2. The student radiographer shall not hold or support a patient during an overhead exposure or

hold or support an image receptor during an overhead exposure. 3. During the activation of the tube, the student radiographer must not be in a direct visual line

with either the tube and/or the patient. 4. Under no circumstances will a student radiographer permit another worker, student, or any

other human being to serve as a model for test exposure or experimentation. 5. If during fluoroscopic procedures and mobile exams the operator must remain in the

patient’s room, the following must be employed: • A lead apron and thyroid shield must be worn at all times, or the student radiographer

must remain behind a lead protective screen and not in visible line with either the tube or the patient.

• Stand as far from the patient and tube as possible, consistent with the performance of the examination.

• When performing mobile radiography, the student radiographer should try to stand at a ninety-degree angle to the path of the x-ray beam.

7. Radiation monitoring dosimeters must be worn at all times when working with radiographic equipment in the clinic or lab.

8. If the student is wearing a lead apron, the monitoring device should be worn outside the apron at the collar.

9. Student radiographers shall not operate fluoroscopic units by themselves, including the operation of mobile fluoroscopic units.


10. Student radiographers must abide by the “ALARA” (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle to minimize the exposure to themselves, patients, coworkers, and visitors.

Radiation Dose Limits for the Radiography Student Policy The radiography student's annual cumulative effective dose (EfD) will not exceed 100 mrem. The student's exposure dose will not exceed ten mrem during any month of reporting, except during any month where the student is assigned to a surgery rotation. Then, that month's dose will not exceed 20 mrem. Any student who exceeds these dose limits will be counseled immediately upon receiving the dosimetry report. If the excessive dose is determined to be due to the student's careless radiation protection practices, a second offense may result in dismissal from the program. All students must protect themselves, patients, coworkers, and visitors at all times. It is equally vital that dosimeters be exchanged monthly, promptly. Failure to comply with the program's dosimetry exchange policy, found below, will result in disciplinary action as described in that policy.

Magnetic Safety Policy Within two weeks (14 days) before beginning DMI 110 Clinical Practicum I, scheduled for the second bi-term of the second semester, all radiography students must complete an MRI Safety Module. Each student will also be required to complete an MR Safety Screening form on the next page.

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Somerset Community College Radiography Student MRI Screening Form

Name: __________________________________________ ID# _____________________

Warning: Certain implants, devices, or objects may be hazardous to you or others in the MR environment. DO NOT enter the scan room if you have any questions or concerns regarding a personal implant, device or object on your person.

This screening form is necessary to determine if you can safely observe and assist in an MRI facility. For your safety, it is important that you complete this form accurately. Individuals who have any metallic device in their body are potentially at risk for injury when entering the MRI scan room. It is important to understand that the high magnetic field in the scan room is always on.

Have you had a prior surgery/operation of any kind? Yes No If yes, please indicate the date and type of procedure:

Have you had an injury to the eye involving metal objects (e.g., metal fillings/shaving, foreign body)? Yes No If yes, please describe the injury and treatment:

Have you ever been injured by any metallic object or foreign body (e.g., bullet, shrapnel, etc.)? Yes No If yes, please describe the injury and treatment:

Please indicate if you have any of the following: Heart pacemaker or defibrillator Yes No Hearing aids Yes No Neuro- or bio-stimulator Yes No Internal electrodes / wires Yes No Cochlear implants Yes No Indwelling ports or catheters Yes No Cerebral aneurysm clips Yes No Joint replacements Yes No Any metal in your eyes Yes No Limb prosthesis Yes No Any type of ocular implant Yes No Rods, screws or plates Yes No Heart valve Surgical clips or staples

Yes Yes

No No

Body piercing Yes No Any other implants Yes No

Implanted pump Yes No (If yes, please describe): ________________________

I attest that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge. I have read and understand the entire content of this form, and I have had an opportunity to ask questions regarding the information on this form. Furthermore, I understand that I must report to the Clinical Coordinator and Clinical Instructor(s) any trauma, procedure, or surgery in which a ferromagnetic metallic object or device may have been introduced into my body before I re-entry any clinical MR facility.

Student Signature _____________________________________________________ Date ____________________

Form reviewed by: ____________________________________________________ Date ____________________

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING IN THE MR ENVIRONMENT Remove all metallic objects before entering the MR scan room, including hearing aids, beepers, cell phones, keys, hair bins, barrettes, watches, safety pins, paper clips, money clips, credit cards (or any card with a magnetic strip), coins, pens, pocket knives, nail clippers, steel-toed shoes/boots, tools, etc. Loose metallic objects are prohibited, as are any other metal devices not specifically labeled and approved for use in the MR scan room.


Pregnancy Policy A radiography student is encouraged to inform program faculty, in writing, of her pregnancy and the estimated date of conception. However, this disclosure is strictly voluntary, and the student is under no obligation to make such a disclosure, nor will she suffer recrimination for not doing so. A student has the right to declare her pregnancy, at which time the precautions listed below will be followed. A student also has the right not to declare her pregnancy. Once a student has declared her pregnancy, she also has the right to revoke the declaration of pregnancy at any time. This policy is in accordance with Federal and State laws. The program’s declaration of pregnancy and revocation of declaration of pregnancy forms can be found on pages 39 and 40, respectively, of this handbook.

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) recommends that the monthly equivalent dose to the embryo-fetus from occupational exposure to the expectant mother not exceed 0.5 mSv (0.05 rem). The NCRP also recommends that persons involved in the occupation notify their supervisor immediately if pregnancy is suspected. Through proper instruction of all safety precautions, personal monitoring, and strict adherence to these precautions, it is possible to limit all occupational exposure to under five mSv per year and prevent fetal equivalent dose limits from being surpassed.

Students enrolled in the SCC Radiography Program are instructed in proper safety precautions and personnel monitoring before being admitted to any ionizing radiation area. Students must abide by all safety precautions, and the importance of keeping exposure as low as practical through a combination of time, distance, and shielding is stressed. Due to the number and variety of courses in the radiography curriculum and the importance of maintaining a rotation schedule through the various assigned areas without interruption, should any student suspect pregnancy, she is encouraged, but not required, to report it to the program coordinator immediately.

If a student voluntarily declares pregnancy, she will: 1. Complete a Declaration of Pregnancy Form. 2. Receive counseling with the program faculty and the radiation safety officer regarding the

nature of potential radiation injury associated with interuetero exposure, the regulations established by the NCRP, and the required preventive measures to be taken through the gestation period.

3. Within 24 hours of signing the Declaration of Pregnancy Form, the student must submit in writing her decision as to remaining in the program from one of the following options: • Immediate leave of absence or withdrawal • Withdrawal from clinical rotations with continued participation in didactic instruction. All

clinical time must be completed before completing the program. • Withdrawal from the program for one calendar year, and resume full-time status upon

return to the program. • Continued full-time status with no scheduled rotations in fluoroscopy, surgery and

portables. • Continued full-time status with no interruption in scheduled clinical rotations.

4. If maintaining full-time status, the declared pregnant student will be required to abide by the following: • Strict adherence to all safety precautions for protection purposes.


• Wear two (2) personal monitoring devices, one placed on the collar and one on the abdomen for fetal monitoring. Readings will be monitored closely by the RSO and the Program Coordinator, and the student will be subject to an immediate leave of absence from the clinical environment if at any point it is deemed necessary by the RSO (Radiation Safety Officer).

• At any time, the pregnant student feels that she is working in an unsafe area or under conditions, she feels detrimental. She should remove herself immediately and report to the clinical instructor, department supervisor, clinical coordinator, and program coordinator.

• At no time and for no reason will the pregnant student place herself in the primary radiation beam.

5. Be informed that, dependent on the type of course(s), degree of difficulty of the course(s), her academic standing, and length of time out, she may be required to re-take the course(s) in their entirety.

6. Be required to complete, upon her return, all clinical competencies and rotations missed or not met before and during her maternity leave. In addition, she will be evaluated by program faculty in those clinical competencies completed before time out. She will be subject to participation in review, should the faculty deem it necessary.

7. Return to full-time status as soon as possible after delivery, but only on the express written permission. A vacancy will be held for the student for a maximum of six (6) months following delivery. After that time, if the student has not returned, she will be considered a withdrawal.

8. Please realize that the student must complete, upon her return, all requirements for graduation, including length of time in the program, required courses, clinical competencies, and rotations.

____________________________________ ____________ ____________

______________________________________________________ ___________________

______________________________________________________ ____________________

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Somerset Community College Radiography Program

Declaration of Pregnancy Form

I, _____________________________ do hereby make this voluntary declaration of (print name of student)

pregnancy. The estimated date of delivery is______________________________. (month/day/year)

I understand that I am making this voluntary declaration of pregnancy in compliance with Standards of an Accredited Educational Program in Radiological Sciences from the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.

The potential harm to my unborn fetus from radiation exposure during my clinical training and all available options have been explained. I have also been given a copy of the program’s pregnancy policy. I will submit in writing, within twenty-four (24) hours, my decision as to one of the following options: 1. Immediate leave of absence. 2. Withdrawal from the program altogether. 3. Withdrawal from clinical rotations only, with continued participation in didactic instruction,

understanding that all clinical time must be completed before completing the program. 4. Withdrawal from the program for one calendar year and resume full-time status upon returning

to the program. 5. Continued full-time status with no scheduled rotations in fluoroscopy, surgery, and portables. 6. Continued full-time status with no interruption in of clinical rotation schedule, assuming all risk

of harm to my unborn fetus. I shall indemnify and hold harmless the Somerset Community College, faculty members, the program affiliates, and their respective agents, representatives and insurers from all claims for damages arising from any harm to my fetus resulting from my decision.

(Student Signature) (Date) (Time)

(Program Coordinator’s Signature) (Date)

(Clinical Coordinator’s Signature) (Date)

(Radiation Safety Officer’s Signature) (Date)

May 17, 2005 Revised: May 2021

____________________________________ ____________ ____________

______________________________________________________ ___________________

______________________________________________________ ____________________

______________________________________________________ ____________________



Revocation of Declaration of Pregnancy Form

I, _____________________________ do hereby make this voluntary revocation of my previous (print name of student)

declaration of pregnancy and wish to be treated as a non-pregnant student. I accept full

responsibility for my decision and indemnify Somerset Community College of any liability for

injury to myself or my unborn child due of my revocation of declaration of my pregnancy status.

(Student Signature) (Date) (Time)

(Program Coordinator’s Signature) (Date)

(Clinical Coordinator’s Signature) (Date)

(Radiation Safety Officer’s Signature) (Date)

October 10, 2016 Revised:

May 2021


Major Medical Leave of Absence Policy If at any time during enrollment, a student must take a leave of absence for major medical reasons, the student will: 1. Submit the physician’s statement about the nature and severity of the illness and expected time

out. 2. Be informed that, dependent on the type of course(s), degree of difficulty of the course(s), the

student’s academic standing, and length of time out, the student may be required to re-take the course(s) in their entirety.

3. Be required to complete upon return all clinical competencies and rotations missed or not completed before and during the leave of absence. In addition, the student will be evaluated by program faculty in those clinical competencies completed before time out and will be subject to participation for review purposes should the faculty deem it necessary.

4. Return to full-time status as soon as possible, but only on the express written permission of the attending physician. A vacancy will be held for the student for a maximum of six (6) months. After that time, the student will be considered a withdrawal.

Temporary Disability Policy If a student incurs a temporary disability, the student shall immediately report the disability to the radiography program coordinator. Temporary disability is defined as a difficult pregnancy, broken bones, back injuries, infectious diseases, or any other injury or condition that could prevent the student from safely continuing the training schedule or endanger the patients or other members of the program.

Communication between the program coordinator and medical advisor, and the student’s physician will be necessary in the case of a temporary disability. The student’s physician shall document a temporary disability. The program’s medical advisor and program faculty may consult with the student’s physician to determine eligibility for the student’s ultimate completion of the program.

If a student incurs a temporary disability, every reasonable effort will be made to accommodate the student. For a disability of short duration, an attempt will be made to reschedule the training missed. For a disability of longer period, accommodation efforts may include, but not limited to, the following: • Rearranging the course schedule where possible. • Suspending the program and training until the next possible semester at which the temporary

disability occurred.

Clinical Competencies To graduate from the program, students must prove competent in a required number of clinical procedures. Establishing competencies is a multi-tiered process, beginning with the radiographic didactic and lab courses. The following steps must be completed to establish competency in an exam: 1. The exam must be covered in the classroom by an instructor. 2. The exam must be demonstrated in the lab by an instructor. 3. The exam must be simulated in the lab by the student. 4. The exam must be performed in the lab on a patient equivalent phantom as part of the student’s

clinical/lab portfolio, if applicable.


5. The exam must be performed at least once in the clinic; exceptions to this step may be given in the rarely encountered exam cases.

6. The exam must be performed by the student and a clinical competency form completed by the supervising technologist. Provisional competency is then granted provided the clinical competencies were successful.

7. The student must then complete a secondary, out of clinic assignment or exam, for the competency.

8. Lastly, the student must meet with college faculty and complete the oral exam for the competency.

Clinical Grading All courses in the clinical education component of the program curriculum will follow the previously mentioned radiography program grading scale. Each clinical course syllabus will outline activities required of the student to pass the course.

Incomplete Grading Policy Incomplete means that part of the coursework remains unfinished. An incomplete grade shall be given when there is a reasonable possibility that a passing grade will result from completing the work. The instructor shall not give an “I” grade when the reason for incompleteness is unsatisfactory performance. Since courses are a prerequisite for the next semester, the incomplete must be completed before the next semester/course begins. The instructor and student will contract requirements for completion of the course with the time limit for completion; failure to meet the deadline will result in a grade change from I to E.

Mammography Rotation Policy The radiography program sponsored by Somerset Community College revised its policy, effective December 4, 2017, regarding the placement of students in clinical mammography rotations to observe or perform breast imaging. Additionally, the policy may be applied to any imaging procedures performed by professionals of the opposite gender of the patient.

Under the revised policy, all students, male and female, will be offered the opportunity to participate in clinical mammography rotations. The program will make every effort to place a male student in a clinical mammography rotation if requested; however, the program is not able to override clinical setting policies that restrict clinical experiences in mammography to female students. Male students are advised that placement in a mammography rotation is not guaranteed and is subject to the availability of a clinical setting that allows males to participate in mammographic imaging procedures. The program will not deny female students the opportunity to participate in mammography rotations if clinical settings are not available to provide the same opportunity to male students.

The change in the program’s policy regarding student clinical rotations in mammography is based on the sound rationale presented in a position statement on student clinical mammography rotations adopted by the Board of Directors of the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) at its April 2016 meeting. The JRCERT position statement is included as Addendum A to the program’s policy and available on the JRCERT Web site, www.jrcert.org, Programs & Faculty, Program Resources.

www.jrcert.org


PROGRESSIVE DISCIPLINE POLICY

The rules as outlined in this handbook, and others as may be established from time to time, as well the procedure for disciplinary action, is published to promote understanding of what is considered unacceptable conduct and to encourage consistent action in the event of violations.

It is the sincere desire of this program to assist all students in every way possible. All of us together can achieve our objectives of providing the best education and finest patient care available. However, willful or inexcusable breaches of these rules will be dealt with firmly under the uniform policy, which applies equally to all students. This program utilizes a progressive disciplinary system simply because some offensive is considered more severe than others; therefore, the type of offense will determine the degree of penalty. The types of penalties used in this system and the consequences of each are as follows:

Verbal Warning is an informal notification to a student that his/her performance, actions, or behaviors are not acceptable. Stronger disciplinary action will result if the problem area is not corrected. A record sheet of any verbal warnings is maintained in a student’s file to indicate the date and reason for such a warning.

Written Warning is a formal notification to a student that his/her performance, action, or behavior is not acceptable. That failure to correct the problem area will result in further, more serious disciplinary actions. Written documentation is prepared and entered into the student’s file due to a written warning with copies to go to the student.

Suspension is a disciplinary lay-off that results from a serious violation of any policy, procedure, or rule. Written documentation is prepared and entered into the student’s file as a result of the suspension. Any student who is suspended will be required to make up all-time missed as a result of suspension before a grade will be given for that particular semester in the clinical education course. This policy may result in the ineligibility to graduate with his/her class. All suspensions are reported to the ARRT and require a declaration of the incident on the graduate’s application to take the ARRT registry examination.

Dismissal: If the student fails to improve their performance or continues repeated infractions after the appropriate action(s) have been carried out, they will be dismissed from the program. Dependent on the type of violation, a student can be subject to immediate dismissal without prior disciplinary action being taken.

Some violations of rules are more serious than others. As a result, a list of violations has been prepared, giving the penalty or disciplinary progression for each violation.

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Table of Progressive Discipline Category I Offense 1st Occurrence

Verbal warning documented* 2nd Occurrence Written warning

3rd Occurrence Dismissal *

Unexcused absence from class or clinic (infractions accumulate during the 21-month program). Noncompliance with dress code/uniform policy. Solicitation or distribution. Horse-play. Inappropriate use of cell phones. (Includes possession of cell while on the floor during clinic, cells ringing, vibrating or the use to make a call or send/receive text messages during class, including smart watches). Disturbing others at work. Loitering or loafing during working hours. Neglect of duty. Unauthorized absence from assigned area or class. Excessive tardiness Failure to wear radiation dosimeter badge in clinical setting. Failure to wear radiation dosimeter badge in clinical setting (sent home with occurrence & written warning).

Category II Offense 1st Occurrence Written Warning 2nd Occurrence Dismissal Failure to abide by the direct supervision or in-direct supervision policy. Failure to abide by repeat image policy. Failure to abide by patient transportation policy. Smoking except in designated areas and/or designated times. Willful violation of safety rules or hospital safety practices. Provoking or reacting to provocation. Careless damage to hospital grounds or property. Creating or contributing to unsanitary conditions. Failure to abide by guidelines for restraining of patients, including the policy for holding patients.

Category III Offense 1st Occurrence 3-Day Suspension 2nd Occurrence Dismissal Being sent home from clinical for any disciplinary reason, including smelling of cigarette smoke. Use of profanity toward a supervisor or co-worker. Defacing of notices, wall or property. Sleeping on duty. Causing harm to patient, visitor or fellow worker through negligence or inattention to duties. Cheating on exams (Failing grade & 3-day suspension)

Category IV Offense 1st Occurrence Dismissal Failing final grade in clinical or radiography didactic coursework; cannot continue in program until course is repeated Reporting to clinic or class under the influence of alcohol or other non-prescribed drugs Disclosing confidential data. Theft. Willful destruction of property. Fighting. Accepting gratuities from patients or their relatives. Excludes flowers, candy and thank-you cards. Use of abusive or obscene language in regard to, or in the presence of, a patient or visitor. Conviction of a felony while in the program. Immoral conduct or indecency on hospital property. Failure to report to clinical 3 days in a school year without notifying program faculty and clinical instructor. Insubordination (refusal to respond to the reasonable request of a supervisor). Job abandonment. Physical abuse of a patient, including inappropriate use of restrains. Possession of and/or consumption of liquor or any non-prescribed drugs on the hospital or school campus. Possession of illegal weapons on hospital property. Willful falsification of documentation, including time records. Receipt of three formal disciplinary measures within 12-month period regardless of the reason. Performing radiographic exams without a physician’s order, including on self and fellow classmates. If a clinical facility asks that a student be removed and not allowed to return due to clinical performance and/or behavioral issues.

*Requires review and approval of the Program Coordinator and Dean of the Health Sciences in order to ensure consistency in the application of this disciplinary action.

Violations not listed on the table of progressive discipline—from time to time, violations of policy, procedures, rules or standards may occur that are not listed in the Table of Progressive Discipline. When this occurs and discipline is necessary, the Dean of the Health Sciences, the Program Coordinator and Clinical Coordinator will agree on the proper disciplinary action.


Lab Availability and Use It is of the utmost importance that radiography students practice equipment manipulation and procedure simulations outside of regularly scheduled lab times. If the lab is not in use for a scheduled lab session, it will be available to the student during the regular operating hours of 8:00 am until 4:30 pm. A lab availability schedule will be posted outside the lab at the beginning of each semester. It is best if the student notifies the faculty of the times they plan to use the lab to avoid a schedule conflict with other students. Students will also be expected to work on portfolios outside regularly scheduled lab times, requiring making exposures of phantoms or quality assurance devices. When exposures are being made, a faculty member must be available to either directly or indirectly supervise the exposures. If student wishes to practice simulations of procedures and/or equipment manipulation when faculty will not be available, the exposure hand switch will be removed by the faculty prior to leaving the student(s) unsupervised.

Rules when using the lab: 1. Follow proper sequence for powering up radiographic equipment; turn on the main

breaker; turn on power strip; then turn on the control panel. 2. Follow proper sequence for powering up the digital processor; turn on the processing

computer; turn on the monitor; erase all IP if not used that day. 3. Follow proper sequence for powering up automatic processor; close water tank drain,

turn on the water supply; turn on processor; then run a “cleanup” film. 4. No exposure will be made with the door open or when a classmate is in the room. 5. Under no circumstances is the lab equipment to be used to x-ray oneself or any person.

Violation of this rule will result in dismissal from the program. 6. Do not abuse or mishandle the radiographic equipment, accessories, or processing

equipment. 7. Report all equipment failure to faculty immediately. 8. Take care not to pinch, kink, or crush electrical cables when manipulating the

equipment. 9. Sanitize the table, wall Bucky and IRs surfaces after use. 10. All equipment and accessories must be returned to their proper place when finished. 11. Follow the proper sequence for powering down the radiographic equipment; turn off

the control panel, turn off the power strip, then turn off the main breaker. 12. Follow proper sequence for powering down the digital processor; suspend/complete

exams; click on “pink” door icon; click on “yes” to power down computer; then turn off the monitor.

13. Follow proper sequence for powering down automatic processor; turn off processor; turn off water; open wash tank drain.

14. Ensure the lab and lab areas are locked. 15. A faculty member must be available when any radiographic exposures are made in the

lab.


JRCERT Non-compliance Procedure

The Radiography Program at Somerset Community and Technical College is accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT). The JRCERT has adopted the Standards for an Accredited Educational Program in Radiologic Sciences (STANDARDS) directed at assessing the program and student outcomes. A copy of the JRCERT STANDARDS is available in the program coordinator’s office, the clinical coordinator’s office, and the JRCERT website, www.jrcert.org.

The student has the right to assume that the program operates in compliance with the STANDARDS. If the student feels that the program is not in compliance, they should first seek to resolve the concern by speaking to the instructor, clinical coordinator, or program coordinator. If the student cannot resolve the problem, a written statement outlining the concerns should be presented to the program coordinator. The program coordinator will respond to the student within five (5) working days. If the student feels that a resolution has not been accomplished, the matter will be turned over to the Dean of Health Sciences. The dean will then have five (5) working days to respond. If the student still does not feel the matter has been resolved, they have the right file a grievance according to the grievance procedure outlined in the Student Handbook, or the student may contact the JRCERT directly at:

JRCERT 20 N. Wacker Drive

Suite 2850 Chicago, IL 60606-3182 Phone: (312) 704-5300 E-mail: [email protected]

A good faith effort by all parties should be made to solve any concerns before the JRCERT is contacted. This good faith effort is simply good policy, and the JRCERT will expect that procedures similar to those outlined above have been exhausted before getting involved. If the program has allegations of non-compliance with the JRCERT STANDARDS, the Program Coordinator will maintain records of such concerns and their resolutions.


www.jrcert.org

[±]

Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT)

Allegations Reporting Form

Please print or type all information.

J ame of Complainant:

Address:

City: State: Zip Code:

Signature: __________________ _ Date: _______________ _

Institution sponsoring the program:

Name:

City: State: D

Type of Program (Check one):

D Radiography D Radiation Therapy D Magnetic Resonance D Medical Dosimetry

The following materials must be submitted:

1. Attach a copy of the program's publication that includes the due process or grievance procedure.

2. Pro,·ide a narrati,·e that identifies what you did at each step of the due process or grievance procedure and copies of materials you submitted as part of your appeal and copies of correspondence you received in response to your appeal.

3. List the specific objective(s) from the accreditation standards (a,·ailable at www.jrcert.org,acc standards.html) and indicate what the program is alleged to have done that is not in compliance with the cited oqjecti,·e(s).

Example

Objective

4.4 direct supen-ision pre-competency

Allegation

Students often do patient exams without supervision before they have completed a competency check-off.

10. 11


The form for reporting alleged non-compliance to the JRCERT is on the following page.

____________________________________ __________________

____________________________________ ________________

____________________________________ __________________


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORMS

Receipt of Handbook

By signing below, I acknowledge receipt and explanation of the Somerset Community College Radiography Student Handbook. I am acknowledging that the program faculty or college administrations' policies and procedures within this handbook may be changed as deemed necessary. Any additions, deletion or modifications of the policies and procedures contained in this handbook will be discussed with the student, and a new acknowledgment receipt indicating said policy or procedure changes will be signed by the student.

(Student’s Signature) (Date)

Acknowledgement of Required Background Check and Drug Screening

By signing this agreement, the student hereby acknowledges that he/she has been informed of the requirement to submit to and pass both a background check and drug screening before to their clinical education experience. The student is responsible for the cost of an annual background check and drug screening. The student also acknowledges that failure to submit, or failure to pass, a background check or drug screening cannot complete or maintain enrollment in the Somerset Community College Radiography Program.


Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Certification

CPR certification is required for all Health Division students before having patient contact (clinical education). Each student is responsible for obtaining initial CPR certification at his/her own expense. Each student must maintain or renew his/her CPR certification while enrolled in the radiography program. A photocopy of all CPR renewals must be forwarded to the program office before expiration. By signing below, I recognize being informed of this policy.


____________________________________ ___________________



Hepatitis-B Vaccination Declination Form

I understand that as a student enrolled in the Somerset Community College Radiography Program, I may be exposed to infectious diseases or blood-borne pathogens such as the hepatitis-B virus. I further understand that I may acquire the hepatitis-B virus or another infectious disease as a result of this exposure.

The Radiography Program faculty and Somerset Community College strongly recommend that I receive the hepatitis-B vaccination. Even though I have been informed of the potential risk, I decline to receive the vaccination at this time.

I realize that by declining to have the vaccination, my clinical experiences may be limited/refused. Somerset Community College does not accept responsibility for this because the immunization policy requires the affiliating clinical agencies and not that of Somerset Community College.

I further realize that without the immunization, I remain at risk for acquiring the disease for which the immunization is indicated. Somerset Community College Radiography will not assume any cost or charges if I decide to receive the immunization now or in the future.


____________________________________ __________________

____________________________________ __________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________ _________________


Plagiarism and Cheating Policy

By signing this agreement, I acknowledge that I have received the program’s plagiarism and cheating policy found on page 20 of the student handbook. I also agree to abide by the policy/procedures and agree to accept the disciplinary action rendered from failure to abide by said policy.


Standard Policy for Progress in the Radiography Curriculum

When a student fails a radiography course, he/she cannot continue in the program since the pre-requisite for the subsequent courses is passing all previous didactic courses with a "C" or better. Pre-requisites/Co-requisite for clinical education courses is passing the previous courses with a "C" or better. If a student is not successful in a radiography core course, i.e., courses with the DMI prefix, it may be repeated the next time it is offered, however, the student is not guaranteed readmission to the program. Core courses are offered only once a year. Re-entry into the radiography program because of failure is allowed only once.

By signing below, I recognize being informed of this continuation policy.


Authorization for Release of Student Information for the Radiography Program

Please read before signing.

By signing below, the student authorizes the release of criminal background results, drug screen results, and or immunization records obtained by Verified Credentials by the Dean of Health Sciences at Somerset Community College. These reports will be released “by request as needed” for students’ assigned externship facility. The specific information requested will be released in accordance with requirements to be met for the student externship experience.

I understand by signing that certain information is required and has been requested by the facility I may be assigned to for externship. By signing, I agree to the release of my information as requested.

(Print Name)


____________________________________ __________________

________________________________ ___________________


Acknowledgment of Fetal Risk from Radiation Exposure

In signing this form, it is acknowledged that: 1. I have been informed and understand the dangers of radiation injury to the fetus and radiation

protection guidelines that I should follow. 2. I have received and reviewed a copy of the program’s pregnancy policy. 3. I understand the foregoing pregnancy policy and agree to abide by its provisions. I understand

and agree that if I fail to inform the program coordinator, in writing of my pregnancy, I shall assume all risks of harm to my unborn fetus and shall indemnify and hold harmless Somerset Community College, the Radiography Program faculty, the program affiliates and their respective agents, representatives and insurers, from all claims for damages arising from any harm to my fetus resulting from my failure to promptly advise the program coordinator of my pregnancy.


Lab Safety & Rules for Lab Use

I acknowledge receiving a copy of the safety and rules for using the radiography lab, found on page 46 of the student handbook, and agree to abide by the described rules and safety standards.


radiography 2021 student handbook

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