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Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1) Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2) What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression? Liberal or conservative? Analyze. (3) Whose problems were addressed? The most? The least? (4) Who were the critics of the New Deal? Were their concerns justified? (5) What effects did the New Deal have on the U.S.? Short term? Long term?

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Page 1: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

Questions to ConsiderFDR & THE NEW DEAL

(1) Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess?

(2) What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression? Liberal or conservative? Analyze.

(3) Whose problems were addressed? The most? The least?

(4) Who were the critics of the New Deal? Were their concerns justified?

(5) What effects did the New Deal have on the U.S.? Short term? Long term?

Page 2: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELTThe Man With the Master Plan?

Childhood/EducationBig Bucks, The Pony, Dresses, Oh Mom!, Tutors, 7th String, “C”, The Crimson, Law

MarriageMy Cousin, OK?, I Love Lucy, Six-Pack

Early Political Career“Progressing” from NY to the Sea to NY

DisabilityCampobello Island and Polio

PersonalityCharming, Persuasive, Caring, Witty, Optimistic

Page 3: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

ELECTION OF 1932Time For a Change!

Hoover (R)

Roosevelt (D)

Play Safe With Hoover“Vote for Roosevelt and make it unanimous.” Unknown (1932)

Happy Days Are Here Again“I pledge… a new deal for the American people.” FDR (1932)

40 %POPULARVOTES

59ELECTORAL

VOTES

57 %POPULARVOTES

472ELECTORAL

VOTES

Page 4: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

THE BRAIN TRUSTFormulating a Plan OR Ideas Galore?

Eleanor Roosevelt

Frances PerkinsSecretary of Labor

Intellectuals

The Eyes

The Cabinet

Page 5: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

THE NEW DEALFDR vs. Historical Analysis

ExperimentationFDR encouraged “…persistent, bold experimentation.”

ContradictionEXAMPLE: Balanced Budget vs. Deficit Spending

General PhilosophyExpand the role of the federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past which had led to the current depression.

Relief, Recovery, and ReformCategories developed by historians.

It is common sense to take a method and try it; if it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something”- FDR (1932)

Page 6: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORMThe Car Accident Analogy (Heiser)

Page 7: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

FDR’s 1ST INAUGURAL ADDRESSMarch 4, 1933

“…First of all, let me assert my firm belief that THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF – nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”

“Our greatest primary task is to put people to work”Identifies the problems and solutions (vague) for unemployment, low crop prices, foreclosures, speculation, bank failures, world trade (2nd), government costs, etc.

“This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and prosper.”

100,000+

Page 8: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

THE HUNDRED DAYSMarch 9 to June 16, 1933

ALPHABET SOUP

Emergency Banking Relief Act

CCC

AAA

FERA

TVA

FSA

FDIC

NRA

PWA

Page 9: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

BANKINGRestoring Confidence

Bank HolidayClosed for 4 Days!

Emergency Banking Act (1933)(also known as Glass-Steagall Banking Act)Treasury License, Increased Regulation Separates deposit vs. investment banking

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Insured deposits up to $5,000

Fireside ChatsTo build trust

Page 10: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPSUnemployment Relief

500,000 in 19353 million from 1933-1942

Page 11: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ACTTo the States and Cities

Harry HopkinsAdministrator

$500 million

Page 12: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITYAddressing an Impoverished Region

Page 13: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACTSeeking Parity in Prices

Production Cuts

Subsidies Paid by Government

Result In

UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

Page 14: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATIONIndustrial Cooperation

CODES

Fair Competition

Production Limits

Wages

Working Conditions

UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

Page 15: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATIONMore Unemployment Relief

$3.3 billion

Page 16: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

THE STOCK MARKETAvoiding Another Crash

Federal Securities ActHonest Reporting of Stock Information

Curbing Stock Bought on CreditLimiting “Buying on Margin”

Securities and Exchange Commission (1934)*To oversee the Stock Market

Page 17: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

2nd NEW DEALA Second Hundred Days (1935)

WPA NLRA(Wagner Act)

Social Security

Aid for Farmers

Page 18: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATIONWork NOT Handouts

8 million jobs for almost everyone!

Public Works (roads, bridges, schools, hospitals)

Federal Writers ProjectFederal Theatre ProjectFederal Arts Project

$11 billion into the economy

Page 19: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

HELP FOR FARMERSSmall Farmers, Sharecroppers, Migrants

Resettlement Administration

Loans to buy their own farms

Rural Electrification Administration

Loans to utility companies40% electrified by 1941

Page 20: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

RIGHTS FOR LABORGovernment Support of Labor

National Labor Relations Act(Wagner Act)Collective-BargainingClosed Shops OK!No Spying or BlacklistingNational Labor Relations Board

Fair Labor Standards ActNo Child LaborMinimum Wage ($0.40/hour)40-Hour Week

Page 21: Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1)Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? (2)What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression?

SOCIAL SECURITYFederal Responsibility for Social Welfare

Social Security Act (1935)Old-Age Pensions for WorkersUnemployment InsuranceAid for Single Mothers and the

Disabled


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