NEW DEAL

FIRST HUNDRED DAYS Brain Trust – FDR’s Advisors 20th Amendment – shortened lame duck

period FDR and his advisors created any programs

in which Congress approved the first 100 days.

Banking Crisis was biggest Push to end Prohibition – 21st Amendment

Tax money from alcohol / less spent on enforcement – pay for New Deal programs

THINK OF EVERYTHING ACCORDING TO THE:

The Three Rs Relief Recovery Reform

Early focus on Relief Federal Emergency Relief Act – help state/local Bank Holiday / Emergency Banking Act Start of the “Alphabet Soup” programs

CONSERVATIVE CRITICS OF NEW DEAL

Felt that the federal government was gaining too much power (and growth of national debt)

American Liberty League – claimed FDR was using “dictatorial policies against free enterprise.”

DuPont Family

Sen. Robert Taft – too much protection for Unions

LIBERAL CRITICS OF NEW DEAL

Many supported him in beginning, but they felt that FDR’s New Deal programs did not go far enough with government intervention.

Father Charles Coughlin – radio star (and anti-Semite)

Huey Long – “Share the Wealth” plan – guaranteed a salary for everyone

GOING INTO DEBT

Keynesian Economics “Priming the Pump” Going into debt to get out of a crisis Hoover had tried to balance the budget, FDR did

not Part of the reason there were conservative critics

COURT PACKING PLAN

Many of the New Deal programs were being declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. FDR had a bill introduced that would “pack the court” with more friendly justices.

Judicial Reorganization Act was never passed as Congress said no to FDR’s plan.

But the Supreme Court did not strike down as many programs after 1937.

MORE NEW DEAL CARTOONS

FARMERS AND NEW DEAL PROGRAMS AAA – Agricultural Adjustment

Administration Limited farm production (supply). Criticized as some

farmers were paid to plow under fields. But crop prices increased.

Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1936. But replaced with Soil Conservation Act that was approved.

REA – Rural Electrification Administration Any guess at what this helped?

RA – Resettlement Administration Gave loans to sharecroppers and tenant farmers to get their

own land. Ended many of the systems in place since reconstruction.

BANKING (Relief) – Bank Holiday – shut down banks until

government said they were strong enough to reopen (Recovery) – Glass-Steagall Act – created FDIC after

making regulations (Reform) – FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation) – gov’t bank insurance on people’s money in banks

YOUNG MEN CCC – Civilian Conservation Corp

Young men worked in environmental projects Over 25 million young men given uniforms,

housing, food and a small monthly salary. One of the most successful relief programs

TWO SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority Flood control Hydro-electric dams Cheap power to rural

south Jobs are created for

many in southern states

Social Security FDR took the idea

promoted by Dr. Francis Townsend of a old-age pension system

Before program – elderly had the highest percentage of people living in poverty (What group is it today?)

INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY AND LABOR NRA – National Recovery Administration

Tried to set prices and wages to help industries Declared unconstitutional in Schechter v. U.S.

(1935)

Wagner Act / National Labor Relations Act (’35) Guaranteed worker’s rights to join a union and for

unions to have collective bargaining Established the National Labor Relations Board

SEC – Security and Exchange Commission Created to reform

and regulate the stock market

Indian Reorganization Act John Collier – head of

the Indian Bureau Ended many of the

Dawes Act policies of assimilation

WORKS PROGRAMS

CWA- Civil Works Administration – Federal gov’t headed construction projects

PWA- Public Works Administration – gave money to states for building roads, bridges, dams, and other public works.

WPA – Works Progress Administration (1935-1940), headed by Harry Hopkins Employed over 3 million in construction projects and

also Federal Arts Project

FDR’S 2ND TERM

1936 Election – FDR defeats Alf Landon in a Landslide (only Maine and Vermont go to Reps)

Democrats first time getting votes from many African Americans. Why the Change?

2nd New Deal – Focused on Recovery and Reform Recession of 1937-8 – FDR and Democrats said

there needed to be more gov’t. Republican said less.

What would truly get us out of the Depression?

Women to remember: Frances Perkins

1st Female Cabinet member

Sec. of Labor Mary McLeod

Bethune Part of Black Cabinet

which advised FDR on race issues Long Term Effects of

New Deal: Improvements in South

and West (RA, TVA, dams)

Social Security Reforms: FDIC, SEC Idea of Keynesian

economics

NEW DEAL

REFLECTION QUESTIONS

What did FDR do and why did Congress approve the ideas in the first hundreds days?

What were some of the lasting effects of the New Deal?

How did FDR have critics on both sides and why?

How did the New Deal make Americans more dependent on their government?

Make a chart and put New Deal programs under their R (relief, recovery, reform). Some will fall under more than one section.

LINKS

http://history1900s.about.com/od/photographs/tp/greatdepressionpictures.htm - GD photos

http://www.businessinsider.com/great-depression-color-photos-2011-5 - color photos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpKmfjf5tUk – video with good beginning and effects on A-As

http://www.history.com/videos/the-new-deal#the-new-deal – new deal

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRw-OQYDe2M – New Deal and gov’t power

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIhl2iyDvOM&feature=relmfu – review video, new deal