proteus syndrome seminar

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Sara Sánchez Restrepo Catalina Urango Giraldo Facultad Ciencias de la Salud A Mosaic Activating Mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus Syndrome Marjorie J. Lindhurst, Julie C. Sapp, Jamie K. Teer, Jennifer J. Johnston, Erin M. Finn, Kathryn Peters, et al. Molecular Biology

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Page 1: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

Sara Sánchez Restrepo Catalina Urango GiraldoFacultad Ciencias de la Salud

A Mosaic Activating Mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus Syndrome

Marjorie J. Lindhurst, Julie C. Sapp, Jamie K. Teer, Jennifer J. Johnston, Erin M. Finn,

Kathryn Peters, et al.

Molecular Biology

Page 2: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

PROTEUS SYNDROME

The Proteus syndrome is characterized by the overgrowth of skin, connective tissue, organs, brain, and other tissues.

Along with susceptibility to the development of tumors

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Page 3: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

PROTEUS SYNDROME

• Described in 1979 by Cohen and Hayden.

• The syndrome is not frequent. Incidence less than 1 case per 1 million inhabitants.

• Currently, there is no report that categorizes the disease is inherited.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Page 4: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

PROTEUS SYNDROME

I N T R O D U C T I O N

• Proteus syndrome has been described hypothetically as a result of somatic or mosaic disorders

(A MOSAIC DISORDER IS ONE IN WHICH CELLS WITHIN THE SAME PERSON HAVE A DIFFERENT GENETIC COMPOSITION FROM ONE ANOTHER)

Page 5: Proteus Syndrome Seminar
Page 6: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

AKT 1

AKT (Protein kinase B, PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key in regulating cell survival, insulin signaling , angiogenesis and tumor formation.

There are three isoforms of Akt: Akt 1, 2 and 3 (also known as PKBα, β and γ).

Page 7: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

RELATIONSHIP OF SYNDROME WITH AKT-1

Clinical signs of the syndrome, such as excessive

growth of tissues and organs, is given by the activation of AKT1 to be phosphorylated as a result of a mutation

Proteus Syndrome

AKT 1 mutation

AKT 1 phosphorylation

Excessive tissue and organ growth

Page 8: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

MAIN OBJETIVE

Identify the influence of somatic mutations in phosphorylation of

AKT-1 in Proteus Syndrome.

Page 9: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

1. MUESTRA

29 Pacientes 158 muestras con criterio clínico positivo de

Síndrome de Proteus.

Page 10: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

BIOPSIA PACIENTES ENFERMOS Secuencia exones ADNy comparación con tejidos afectados

• EXONES: son las porciones que codifican las proteínas. (Selección de regiones que codifican en un genoma humana para

identificar genes asociados con desordenes poco frecuentes)

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 11: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

CONFIRMACIÓN Y AMPLIACIÓN Medida de restricción para analizar 158 muestras de ADN.

Las endonucleasas o enzimas de restricción rompen la doble cadena de ADN al reconocer una secuencia especifica de bases, el cual consiste en deshacer la unión que forma el grupo fosfato entre dos moléculas de desoxirribosa de la hebra de ADN.

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 12: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

ANÁLISIS DE LA ACTIVACIÓN

DE LA PROTEÍNA AKT EN LOS TEJIDOS AFECTADOS, MEDIANTE LA FOSFORILACIÓN DE ANTICUERPOS ESPECÍFICOS (WESTERN BLOT O INMUNOBLOT)

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

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WESTERN BLOT O INMUNOBLOT

Proteínas SDS = detergente polaridad (-)

Transferencia a filtro : Incubación con anticuerpos.

Ac + filtro = identificación proteína

SDS- PAGE Poliacrilámida gel electroforesis

Separación proteínas de extractos celulares por electroforesis según el tamaño

TÉCNICA

Page 14: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

El análisis de seguimiento se efectúo por la secuencia de

Sanger (didesoxinucleotidos) y digestión enzima de restricción , utilizando métodos para la polimerasa de reacción en cadena (PCR)

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 15: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

PCR (polymerase-chain-reaction): tecnica desarrollada con el objetivo de amplificación in vitro directa de un gen o fragmento de DNA o indirecta de RNA.

- Principio del método:

Desnaturalizacion del DNA para dar hebras sencillas.

Hibridacion especifica: “primer”

Replicacion: DNA polimerasa. - Utilidad: rastreo de mutaciones AKT 1

Page 16: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

RESULTADOS

• FILTRACION DE LA VARIANTESindrome de Proteus

FILTROS

Análisis de variaciones IDENTIFICOAKT1, c.49G→A

a.a.17Lys por

Gln

Page 17: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

RESULTADOS

• VALIDACION: MUTACIÓN AKT1/SINDROME DE PROTEUS

Secuenciación de Sanger

Consistentes con datos de secuenciación de exones

Hipotesis: insensibilidad a bajos niveles de mosaicismo

Page 18: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

RESULTADOS

DIGESTION POR ENZIMA DE RESTRICCIÓN

Mutación ausente en 25 linajes celulares y 2 muestras de tejido fresco en sujetos que no presentaban el síndrome.

De 29 pacientes con el síndrome de Proteus, 26 tenian mutación somática con activación de AKT1. Lo cual corresponde al 90% de la muestra.

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RESULTADOS

Western blot imágenes de luminiscencia

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DISCUSSION

Author’s Name What the author saidIs it related to the research

findings?Kharas MG, Okabe R, Ganis JJ, et al.

The AKT1 activating mutation is detrimental to hematopoiesis

YES

Carpten JD, Faber AL, Horn C, et al.

Constitutive activation of AKT1 through Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation underlies the oncogenic mechanism.

YES

Page 21: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

DISCUSSION

Author’s Name

What the author said Is it related to the research findings?

Happle R.More circumscribed or

milder manifestation of the disorder would be

associated with a later occurrence of the somatic

mutation in an embryo.

NO

Cantley LC, Neel

BG.

AKT1 is activated by lossof-function mutations in PTEN.

NO

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

Page 22: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

The gene mutation, is a predisposing factor for the phosphorilation of the AKT1 protein.

In the Proteus syndrome, the amino acid in which the higher phosphorilation occurs is the Serine.

CONCLUSIONS

Page 23: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

CONCLUSIONS

The activation of the AKT1 by phosphorilation is related with the tissue overgrowth in the Proteus Syndrome.

The somatic mutation that characterizes the Proteus Syndrome, makes of it a non inherited disorder.

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

Page 24: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

Catalina Urango Giraldo

Page 25: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

Sara Sánchez Restrepo

Page 26: Proteus Syndrome Seminar

GRACIAS

THANKS