property of lear siegler atmospheric stability & clouds property of lear siegler

Property of Lear Siegler

ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC STABILITYSTABILITY& CLOUDS& CLOUDS


ELO 1ELO 1

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the different states in which moisture different states in which moisture is found in the atmosphere.is found in the atmosphere.

Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about moistureinformation about moisture

Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2

Moisture StatesMoisture States

• VAPOR / GASVAPOR / GAS

• LIQUID / VISIBLELIQUID / VISIBLE

• SOLIDSOLID


ELO 2ELO 2

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the changes moisture makes from one changes moisture makes from one water state to another.water state to another.

Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about states of information about states of moisturemoisture


Changes in MoistureChanges in Moisture

EvaporationEvaporation

CondensationCondensation

Fusion (freezing)Fusion (freezing)

SublimationSublimation

MeltingMelting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Water_cycle.png

LATENT HEATLATENT HEAT

• Heat energy taken in through evaporation and meltingHeat energy taken in through evaporation and melting

• Heat energy released through condensation and fusionHeat energy released through condensation and fusion


ELO 3ELO 3

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the amount of water vapor contained in a amount of water vapor contained in a portion of the atmosphere.portion of the atmosphere.

Condition: Given pertinent information Condition: Given pertinent information about the water vapor and the about the water vapor and the atmosphereatmosphere

Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-3, and 4-Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-3, and 4-44

WATER VAPOR CONTENTWATER VAPOR CONTENT


SATURATION

DEW POINT

WATER VAPOR CONTENTWATER VAPOR CONTENT

RELATIVE HUMIDITYRELATIVE HUMIDITY


SATURATIONSATURATION

DEW POINTDEW POINT

0o C32° F

6o C43° F

10o C50° F

17o C61° F

20o C68° F

30o C86o F


Moist air = less air density = Moist air = less air density = less engine performanceless engine performance

ELO 4ELO 4

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the adiabatic process. adiabatic process.

Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about the water vapor information about the water vapor and the atmosphereand the atmosphere


15°15°40°15°

ADIABATIC PROCESSWhen the temperature of a gas is changed

without the addition or deletion of heat energy


OAT20° C

DEW POINT14° C

RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 70.4%


OAT14° C

DEW POINT14° C

RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 100%


OAT10° C

DEW POINT10° C

RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 100%


OAT20° CRELATIVE

HUMIDITY = 54%

DEW POINT10° C


ELO 5ELO 5

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the moist and dry adiabatic cooling moist and dry adiabatic cooling rates. rates.

Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about the adiabatic information about the adiabatic processprocess


• Dry cooling rate – 3Dry cooling rate – 3oo per 1,000 ft per 1,000 ft

• Moist cooling rate – 1.5Moist cooling rate – 1.5oo per 1,000 ft per 1,000 ft

ELO 6ELO 6

Identify the points where condensation Identify the points where condensation and free convection take placeand free convection take place

OLR=2°DP=14°

18°

16°

14°

12°

10°

OLR=2°DEWPOINT=14°

12°

18°

16°

14°

10°

8°

6°

4°


OLR=2°

DEWPOINT=14°

17°

14°DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’

12°

18°

16°

14°

10°

8°

6°

4°


17°

14°

DEWPOINT=14°OLR=2°

12.5°

LEVEL OF CONDENSATION

12°

18°

16°

14°

10°

8°

6°

4°

MOIST LAPSE RATE1.5°/1000’


Temperature of the rising air and dew point are the same.

17°

14°


12.5°

11°

9.5°

8°

6.5°

5°

LEVEL OF FREE CONVECTION

12°

18°

16°

14°

10°

8°

6°

4°


Temperature of the rising air is the same as the ambient air

ELO 7ELO 7

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the factors that determine atmospheric factors that determine atmospheric stability.stability.

Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about stabilityinformation about stability


UNSTABLE – Air that moves vertically and will continue without any outside force OLR 3.0 or greater

CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE – Air parcel is neutral. Vertical movement depends on the conditionsOLR between 1.5 and 3.0

STABLE – Resists vertical development OLR 1.5 or less

Air with high moisture content tends Air with high moisture content tends to be more unstable than dry air, if to be more unstable than dry air, if

lifting action occurs.lifting action occurs.

OLR=2°DP=14°

18°

16°

14°

12°

10°

OLR=1.5°DEWPOINT=14°

11°

18.5°

17°

15.5°

14°

12.5°

9.5°

8°



17°

14° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’

11°

18.5°

17°

15.5°

14°

12.5°

9.5°

8°


DEWPOINT=14°OLR=1.5°


17°

14°

12.5°

11°

9.5°

8°

6.5°

5°


11°

18.5°

17°

15.5°

14°

12.5°

9.5°

8°


17°

14°

12.5°

11°

9.5°

8°

6.5°

5°

11°

18.5°

17°

15.5°

14°

12.5°

9.5°

8°



OLR 1.5 or less: STABLE conditions

OLR=2°DP=14°

18°

16°

14°

12°

10°

OLR=3°

DEWPOINT=14°

17°

2°

8°

14°

11°

5°

-1°

-4°


OLR=3°DEWPOINT=14°

17°

14° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’

17°

2°

8°

14°

11°

5°

-1°

-4°


17°

14°

DEWPOINT=14°

OLR=3°


12.5°

11°

9.5°

8°

6.5°

5°


LEVEL OF FREE CONVECTION

17°

2°

8°

14°

11°

5°

-1°

-4°


17°

14°

DEWPOINT=14°

OLR=3°

12.5°

11°

9.5°

8°

6.5°

5°

17°

2°

8°

14°

11°

5°

-1°

-4°


OLR 3o or greater: UNSTABLE conditionsLCL

LFC

17°

14°


12.5°

11°

9.5°

8°

6.5°

5°

12°

18°

16°

14°

10°

8°

6°

4°


OLR between 1.5o and 3o: CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE

LCL

ELO 8ELO 8

Action: The student will identify Action: The student will identify how clouds are formed.how clouds are formed.

Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about cloudsinformation about clouds


• Extremely small condensed water vapor droplets suspended in the atmosphere (less than .002”)


• Direct result of saturation and Direct result of saturation and saturation is the result of coolingsaturation is the result of cooling.

CloudsClouds

Cooling ProcessCooling Process

ADIABATICADIABATIC NOCTURNALNOCTURNAL ADVECTIONADVECTION


ELO 9ELO 9

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the basic types of clouds.basic types of clouds.



Cloud Catagories

• Cumulus

• Stratus


1. Cumulus

Indicating Unstable Condition

s


2. Stratus

Indicating Stable

Conditions

ELO 10ELO 10

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the classification of clouds in terms of classification of clouds in terms of the cloud’s altitude.the cloud’s altitude.


Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5

Cloud Descriptors

(a) Nimbus / Nimbo

(b) Fracto

(c) Alto

(a) LOW: LESS THAN 6500’

(b) MIDDLE: 6,500 – 18,000

(c) HIGH: ABOVE, 18,000

Cloud Altitudes

ELO 11ELO 11

Action: The student will identify Action: The student will identify cloud types by assigned cloud types by assigned abbreviations.abbreviations.


Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5

Cumulonimbus Cb

Stratus St

Nimbostratus Ns

Stratocumulus Sc

Altocumulus Ac

Altostratus As

Cirrus Ci

Cumulus Cu

Cirrostratus Cs

Cirrocumulus Cc

LOW, LESS THAN 6500’

MIDDLE, 6,500 –18,000

HIGH,ABOVE18,000


CuCuCumulus

CbCbCumulus

Cumulus

Cumulonimbus

Cumulus

Cumulus

Cumulus – Anvil

Cumulus

Cumulus - Anvil

scscStratocumulus

StStStratus

NsNsNimbostratus

Altocumulus

AcAcAltocumulus

CiCiCirrus

Cirrus

Cirrostratus

Cirrocumulus

Ci,CsCi,Cs

ELO 12ELO 12

Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the flight conditions that would be flight conditions that would be encountered in the two basic cloud encountered in the two basic cloud types.types.


Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-5, 6Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-5, 6

Flight ConditionsFlight Conditions

• Cumulus / CumulonimbusCumulus / Cumulonimbus

• StratusStratus

FM 1-230 ReferencesFM 1-230 Referencesfor today…for today…

•Moisture Chapter 4Moisture Chapter 4

•Stability Chapter 7Stability Chapter 7

•Clouds Chapter 8Clouds Chapter 8

FM 1-230 ReferencesFM 1-230 Referencesfor tomorrow…for tomorrow…

•Frontal Weather Chapter 10Frontal Weather Chapter 10

The endThe end

STOPSTOP

Abandon hope all ye who enter hereAbandon hope all ye who enter here

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property of lear siegler atmospheric stability & clouds property of lear siegler

Documents

o slide

ft slide

sublimationmelting slide

place slide

engine performance slide

c dew point

c relative humidity

ft moist cooling rate