Properties of Matter

Chapter 16

Properties

Extensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material affects the property

Intensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material does not affect the property

List examples of extensive and intensive properties

Measuring Matter

Length Meter (m) Meter stick, ruler, odometer

Volume Liter (l) or cubic meter cm3

Ruler or graduated cylinder

Mass Gram (g) or kilogram (kg)

Scale or balance

Temperature Celsius (C0) or Kelvin (K)

Thermometer

density g/cm3 or g/ml Balance and ruler or graduated cylinder

Measurement Unit instrument

Classifying Matter: matter can be classified into two main types Mixture contains more than

one kind of matter that can be separated by physical means

Pure Substances is matter that cannot

be separated by physical means

sugarTrail mix

Two Types of substances

Elements has one kind type of

atom

examples: helium (He) carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O)

Compounds a substance that

contains more than one type of atom

examples: H2O (pure water)

NaCl (sodium chloride)

Matter

Examples of elements:

goldaluminum

mercury

iodine

Examples of pure substances that are compounds

Water =H2O

NaCl = table salt

Sugar = C6H12O6

Basic units of substances are always in motion

Atom is the smallest possible particle of an

element

Molecule is the smallest particle of the compound that

retains the properties of the compound

Types of mixtures

Heterogeneous mixture

the composition is not uniform (different)

examples: chicken noodle soup mixed nuts soil

Homogeneous Mixture

The composition is uniform (same)

examples: salt water tap water brass

What type of mixture is it?

heterogeneoushomogeneous

Salt water

Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids

It isn’t always easy to tell the difference between a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.

Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid.

Solutions

When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a solution.

All mixtures can be separated.

Methods to separate mixtures 1. Sorting 2. Filtering 3. Heating 4. Cooling 5. distillation

Matter

Substances

elements

Compounds

mixtures

Homogeneous mixture

Heterogeneous mixture

Two types of Properties of Matter 1. A physical

property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance in the material.

A chemical property can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

Physical Properties

Viscosity= Resistance of a liquid to flowing

High viscosity

Physical Properties of matter

Conductivity = the ability of matter to transfer heat or electricity

Physical Properties

Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.

Hardness is used to compare two materials. If a material can scratch another then it is harder.

diamond

Physical Properties Melting point is the temperature at which a

substance changes from a solid to a liquid (Water in the form of ice melts at 00C)

Boiling Point is the temperature at which a substance boils. (water boils at 1000C)

Physical Properties of Matter

Density is the ratio of the mass to volume of a substance.

Chemical Properties

A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.

Chemical properties can be observed only when the substance in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

Observing Chemical Properties

Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

Observing chemical properties

The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is reactivity.

Examples: Rusting

Chemical reaction

Indentifying Chemical Change

Common types of evidence for a chemical change are

1. color 2. production of gas 3. formation of a precipitate 4. Thermal energy change

Identifying a chemical change

States of Matter

Solid has a definite shape and definite volume molecules vibrate slow but cannot switch

places with other molecules

States of Matter

Liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape Molecules move faster and slip out of

position

States of Matter

Gas has no definite shape or volume molecules move so fast that they bounce out

of the liquid state and become a gas.

Temperature= the average energy of the molecules

Changing States of Matter

Melting point temperature at which it

changed from solid to liquid

Boiling point temperature at which it

changes from a liquid to a gas

Changing state of matter

Evaporation fast-moving molecules

in a liquid can escape to become a gas

cooling because it take the energy (heat) away from the substance

Condensation molecules in a gas

slow down and change into a liquid

Changes in State of Matter

Sublimation when a solid changes directly from a solid

to a gas