medited by DIANA PABST

Project Seeks to Shed Light onHuman Rights Abuses in Haiti

As part of an investigation into "There's common knowledgehuman rights abuses, a team of of bodies being dumped and ex-experts assembled by AAAS will ecutions of people imprisoned bysoon begin digging for physical the government. But it's a realevidence at two sites in Haiti that mystery as to where many of theappear to hold the remains of hu- bodies were taken," Levy said.man victims. "Now, the Aristide government

The exhumations at Fort Di- is interested in having some ac-manche and Raboteau will get countability. And there's a desireunderway in late summer. Mem- to do it in a scientific and impar-bers of Argentine and Guatema- tial way."lan forensic anthropology teams AAAS pioneered the use oftrained by AAAS, along with rep- forensic sciences for human rightsresentatives of Physicians for Hu- investigations in the early 1980s.man Rights, will direct the efforts. The Association also is active in

The project will aid an inde- efforts by international humanpendent commission set up by rights groups to adopt consistentHaitian President Jean-Bertrand record-keeping formats to aidAristide to investigate human analysis and sharing of data.rights abuses committed in the 3 Levy said the AAAS projectyears after he was deposed in 1991. will help the Truth CommissionAristide was restored to power acquire the sound information itlast October with the backing of needs to carry out a credible pub-U.S. military forces.AAAS also is providing tech-

nical assistance in designing a Is It Misconduct?database management system for AAAS and independent film pro-documenting human rights vio- ducer Amram Nowak and Asso-lations. Consultant Patrick Ball ciates Inc. have joined forces toarrived in Haiti this month to help fill a need for effective au-lend a hand. "Once the commis- diovisual materials to educate sci-sion opens its doors it will be entists and their students aboutflooded with Haitians eager to issues of research integrity.relate abuses committed by the Five "trigger" videos-shortde facto government," said Daniel dramatizations designed to stimu-Salcedo, senior program associ- late group discussions-are beingate in the AAAS Science and developed. Each presents a some-Human Rights Program. The what ambiguous situation in sci-work will include interviews with entific research. Observers are leftsurvivors of violent incidents, wit- to decide whether misconductnesses, and relatives of victims. occurred, assess the choices made,

In a recent poll conducted by and consider what an appropriateformer Costa Rican president and response would be.Nobel laureate Oscar Arias, 89% "There's a lot of concern to-of Haitians expressed support for day about scientific misconduct,the National Commission on but there are many gray areasTruth and Justice, and only 2% about which people disagree onwere opposed. the proper course of action," said

Mike Levy of the International Mark Frankel, director of theLiaison Office for the Aristide gov- AAAS Scientific Freedom, Re-ernment in Washington, D.C., sponsibility, and Law Program.said as many as 200,000 Haitians "Consensus may not always bewent into internal exile follow- achieved, but viewers shoulding Aristide's ouster, and tens of gain some confidence that theythousands left the country. There can make an informed decision."are questions about what hap- He is co-directing the project withpened to many who disappeared. Al Teich, head of AAAS Sci-

lic investigation. The exhuma-tions, he said, "will help bringHaitians into the process." Thetwo sites were identified as appar-ent mass graves during an explor-atory trip to Haiti by Salcedo andArgentine forensic analyst LuisFonderbrider.

"Shedding light on what hap-pened," Levy said, "will restoredignity to the victims and theirfamilies, and help the countrymove on to reconciliation."

The Truth Commission has 6to 9 months to complete its work.Although it lacks the power totry people who may be implicatedin human rights abuses, Salcedosaid the findings could be turnedover to judicial authorities.AAAS assistance was re-

quested by the Truth Commis-sion, Haitian officials, and theHuman Rights Platform, an um-brella group of nongovernmentalorganizations in Haiti. A civilian

ence and Policy Programs.One script focuses on the issue

of privileged information. In thescenario, Bruce, the protagonist,has had a hard week in the lab.He knows the TNF membranereceptor he's studying is activated,but he's stumped about the signaltransfer. Then, at a weekend re-union, he stumbles onto a clue. Aformer classmate now at a foun-dation recalls similar work he readabout in a recent grant application,and he describes the researcher's

discovery, which hasn't been pub-lished yet. It's just what Bruceneeds to get his own work backon track, and he's in the lab earlyMonday bent on publishing soon.

Is using the information hepicked up over the weekend mis-conduct? What should he do?

Amram Nowak and Manya

Starr, an award-winning team inNew York who have made 200

major films, are writing the scriptsand co-producing the videos, duenext spring. Each will have a dis-cussion guide. Production is beingdone at the Health Sciences Com-munication Center of the Med-ical College of Georgia (MCG).

Compelling evidence. Humanskulls found at Sources Puantes inHaiti have bullet holes.

mission sponsored by the Organi-zation of American States andthe United Nations to monitorhuman rights violations in Haitialso has endorsed the project.

Funding for the AAAS workin Haiti is being provided by theGeneral Service Foundation, theJohn Merck Fund, and the JoyceMertz-Gilmore Foundation.

The project is funded by a$186,000 grant from the NationalInstitutes of Health (NIH), withsupport from the Office of Re-search Integrity and the Agricul-tural Research Service. In 1989NIH began requiring applicantsfor training grants to demonstratethat they provide instruction in theprinciples of scientific integrity.

Advisory board memberLowell Greenbaum, former deanof graduate studies and vice presi-dent of research at MCG, said

many academic institutions areimplementing research ethics pro-grams, and there is a critical needfor good materials that addresscomplex issues scientists are grap-pling with today. "Traditionallywe've relied on informal trainingin research ethics, but that's nolonger adequate," he said. "We'vegot to find better ways of com-municating with faculty and stu-dents about these issues, and trig-ger plays and case studies are avery effective approach."

For more information, contactAlex Fowler at AAAS. Phone:

202-326-7016. Fax: 202-289-

4950. E-mail: afowler(aaas.org

SCIENCE * VOL.268* 30 JUNE 1995 1931~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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AAAS Annual Election: Preliminary AnnouncementThe 1995 AAAS election of generalandsection officers will be held In Septem-ber. All members will receive a generalballotforelection of the president-elect,members of the Board of Directors, andmembers of the Committee on Nomi-nations. Members registered in one tothree sections will receive ballots forelection of chair-elect, member-at-largeof the Section Committee, and mem-bers of the Electorate Nominating Com-mittee for each section.

Members enrolled in the followingsections also will elect Council del-egates: Atmospheric and Hydrospher-ic Sciences; Dentistry; Education; Gen-eral Interest in Science and Engi-neering; Information, Computing, andCommunication; Unguistics and Lan-guage Science; Pharmaceutical Sci-ences; Societal Impacts of Science andEngineering; and Statistics.

Candidates for all offices are listedbelow. Additional names may be plaidin nomination for any office by petitionsubmitted to the Executive Officer nolater than 14 August. Petitions nomi-nating candidates for president-elect,members of the Board, or members ofthe Committee on Nominations mustbear the signatures of at least 100members of the Association. Petitionsnominating candidates for any sectionoffice must bear the signatures of atleast 50 members of the section. Apetition to place an additional name innomination for any office must be ac-companied by the nominee's curricu-lum vitae and statement of acceptanceof nomination.

Biographical information on thefollowing candidates will be enclosedwith the ballots mailed to members inSeptember.

General ElectionPresident-Elect: Mildred S. Dres-selhaus, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology; Warren M. Washington,National Center for Atmospheric Re-search, Boulder.Board of Directors: Mary M. Atwater,University of Georgia, Athens; SheilaJasanoff, Comell University; Marcia C.Linn, University of California, Berkeley;Shirley M. McBay, Quality Education forMinorities Network, Washington, D.C.Committee on Nominations: Eugene H.Cota-Robles, Edmunds, Wash.; Cather-ine Didion, Association for Women inScience, Washington, D.C.; Elrna L.Gonzalez, University of California, LosAngeles; Donald N. Langenberg, Uni-versity of Maryland System Office,Adeiphi; John P. McTague, Ford Motor

Co., Dearbomn Mich.;.Gilbert S. Omenn,Universityof Washington, Seattle; MaryLou Pardue, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology; Margaret W. Rossiter,Cornell University.

Section ElectionsAgriculture. Food,and Reewable ResourcesChair-Elect:Wilford R. Gardner, Logan,Utah; Gary H. Heichel, University ofIllinois, Urbana.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Margaret R. Dentine, Universityof Wisconsin, Madison; WaldemarKlassen, University of Florida, Home-stead.Electorate Nominating Committee:Eileen J. Kladivko, Purdue University;Pamela G. Marrone, AgraQuest, Inc.,Davis, Calif.; Jean L Steiner, USDA-ARS, Watkinsvifle, Ga.; Paul J. Wangs-ness, Pennsylvania State University,University Park.

AnthropologyChair-Elect: Melvin Ember, Human Re-lations Area Files, New Haven, Conn.;John H. Moore, University of Florida,Gainesville.Member-at-Large of the Secton Com-mittee: Lynne Goldstein, University ofWisconsin, Milwaukee; Em6ke J. E.SzathmAry, McMaster University,Hamilton, Ontario.lector Nm ating Committee.JohnG. H. Cant, University of Puerto Rico,San Juan; Jonathan S. Friedlaender,National Science Foundation; ClarkSpencer Larsen, University of NorthCarolina, Chapel Hill; Mark L. Weiss,Wayne State University, Detroit.

AstroomyChair-Elect: Alan P. Marscher, BostonUniversity; Jay M. Pasachoff, WilliamsCollege-Hopkins Observatory, Wil-liamstown, Mass.Member-at-Large of the Sectin Com-mittee: Peter V. Foukal, CambridgeResearch and Instrument, Inc., Cam-bridge, Mass.; Owen Gingerich, Har-vard-Smithsonian Centerfor Astrophys-ics, Cambridge, Mass.Electorate Nominating Committee:Timothy C. Beers, Michigan State Uni-versity, EastLansing; PierreDearque,Yale University; John E. Gaustad,SwarthrnoreCollege, Heidi B. Hammel,Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Atmospheric and HydrosphericSciencesChair-Elect E. Ann Berman, Tri-Space,Inc., McLean, Va.; James J. O'Brien,

Florida State University, Tallahassee.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Adriana (Jane) Huyer, OregonState University, Corvallis; Robert E.Wall, University of Maine, Orono.Electorate Nominating Committee: Su-san Henrichs, University of Alaska,Fairbanks; Thomas H. Kinder, Office ofNaval Research, Arlington, Va.; D.Randolph Watts, University of RhodeIsland, Narragansett; Wei-ChyungWang, State University of New York,Albany.Council Delegate: Donald B. Olson,University of Miami; Edward S. Sara-chik, University of Washington, Seattle.

Biological SciencesChair-Elect: David Epel, Stanford Uni-versity; Frances C. James, Florida StateUniversity, Tallahassee.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Sylvia A. Earle, Deep OceanExploration and Research, Oakland,Calif.; John Postlethwaite, University ofOregon, Eugene.Electorate Nominating Committee:Rachel D. Fink, Mt. Holyoke College,South Hadley, Mass.; Kelly P. Steele,Appalachian State University, Boone,N.C.; Jose V. Torres, University of Cali-fornia, Davis; William Walden, Univer-sity of Illinois, Chicago.

ChemistryChair-Elect: Edward M. Arnett, DukeUniversity; Allen J. Bard, University ofTexas, Austin.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Paul Dowd, University of Pitts-burgh; Joseph J. Gajewski, IndianaUniversity, Bloomington.Electorate Nominating Committee:Larry R. Faulkner, University of Illinois,Champaign; Cynthia Anne Maryanoff,R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Re-search Institute, Spring House, Penn.;Richard L. Schowen, University of Kan-sas, Lawrence; Anthony M. Trozzolo,University of Notre Dame.

DentistryChair-Elect: Barbara D. Boyan, Univer-sity of Texas Health Science Center,San Antonio; Robert J. Genco, StateUniversity of New York, Buffalo.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: R. Bruce Donoff, Harvard Schoolof Dental Medicine, Boston; Roy S.Feldman, VA Medical Center, Phila-delphia.Electorate Nominating Committee:ZeevDavidovitch, Harvard School of Den-tistry, Boston; Sandy C. Marks Jr., Uni-versity of Massachusetts Medical

School, Worcester; Peter J. Polverini,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; An-drew 1. Spielman, New York University.Council Delegate: Michael L. Bar-nett, Wamer-Lambert Company, Mor-ris Plains, N.J.; John Joseph Sauk,University of Maryland Dental School,Baltimore.

EducationChair-Elect: Audrey B. Champagne,State University of New York, Albany;Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, University ofWisconsin, Madison.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Lynn W. Glass, Iowa State Uni-versity, Ames; Ethel L. Schultz, Salem,Mass.Electorate Nominating Committee:TedLopushinsky, Michigan State Univer-sity, East Lansing; Vincent N. Lunetta,Pennsylvania State University, Univer-sity Park; Shirley M. Malcom, AAAS;Robert F. Watson, National ScienceFoundation.Council Delegate: Ronald D. Ander-son, University of Colorado, Boulder;Rodger W. Bybee, Biological SciencesCurriculum Study, Colorado Springs.

EngineeringChair-Elect: J. Ray Bowen, Universityof Washington, Seattle; Tingye Li, AT&TBell Laboratories, Holmdel, N.J.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Alice M. Agogino, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley; JerrierA. Haddad,Briarcliff Manor, N.Y.Electorate Nominating Committee:Lionel V. Baldwin, National Technolog-ical University, Ft. Collins, Colo.; De-lores M. Etter, University of Colorado,Boulder; Robert M. Nerem, Georgia In-stitute of Technology, Atlanta; MalvinC. Teich, Columbia University.

General Interest in Scienceand EngineeringChair-Elect: James M. McCullough,National Science Foundation; David R.Stuart, Sacramento Museum of His-tory, Science, and Technology.Member-at-Large of the Section Com-mittee: Marta Cehelsky, National Sci-ence Foundation; Della M. Roy, Penn-sylvania State University, UniversityPark.Electorate Nominating Committee:Sheila D. David, National ResearchCouncil; Sharon M. Friedman, LehighUniversity, Bethlehem, Penn.; D. KarlLandstrom, Columbus, Ohio; CharlesF. Lytle, North Carolina State Univer-sity, Raleigh.Council Delegate: Don M. Jordan, Uni-

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