PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

GURPREET KAUR(s0256056)MIT (2nd Sem.)

AFSHAN QASIM (s0258460)MIT (2nd Sem.)

expectations.…..

•WHAT IS QUALITY?•QUALITY REVOLUTION•PROJECT QUALITY MANGEMENT•QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESSES•QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS•SIX SIGMA •FINAL WORDS

All questions and discussions will be welcomed in the end

Quality…..

•The totality of features and characteristics of a product or entity that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. (Kerzner 2006)

According to Schwalbe (2010) quality is

•Conformance to requirements•Fitness for use

Quality Revolution

• Pre WW1• Early 1950sSorting plus some control principles• Late 1960sEmergence of quality assurance• 1980s till nowTQM & Six Sigma

(Kerzner 2006)

FROM INSPECTION & SORTING TO PREVENTION

W, Edwards Deming

Joseph M.

Juran

Phillip B. Crosby

•Quality management processes are:

Quality Plannin

g

Quality Assuran

ce

Quality Control Sydney opera house

“FAILED SUCCESS”

Millennium dome

Project quality management“Project Quality Management includes the processes and activities that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken” (Project Management Institute 2013)

•In a project quality is a philosophy of adherence of standards throughout the life cycle of a project. (Basu 2012)

“SUCCESSFUL FAILURES”

Project Quality Control(QC)

Planning for Project Quality

Quality Assurance on

a project

Continuous improvement

QP outputs:•Quality management plan•Quality Metrics•Process improvement plan•Quality checklists•Project Document updates

QA outputs:•Change request•Project management updates•Project documentation update

Quality Assurance (QA)

Figure 1: Overview of project quality management processes (basic framework by Nicholas & Steyn 2008)

CQU Quality Framework

Project quality management processes - overview

PDCA (Basu 2012)

QC outputs:• Quality control measurements •Validated changes•Validated deliverables•Change request•Project management plan updates•Project documentation update

SEVEN BASIC QUALITY TOOLSSome basic tools of quality are:

•Cause and effect diagram•control charts•Scatter diagrams•Histogram•Pareto analysis•Flow diagrams•Check sheets

(Project Management Institute 2013)

Fig 2: Seven Quality Control Tools

Quality tools continue…..

Cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram)

•Relationship of causes to effects•Identify root cause of problem•5 whys technique(Schwalbe 2010)

Flow charts•also referred to as process maps •display the sequence of steps that exist for a process that converts one or more inputs into final outputs.

(Project Management Institute 2013)

Fig 3: Cause and effect diagram (Schwalbe

2010)

Fig 4: Flow charts Schwalbe 2010

Quality TOOLS continue…..

Control chart•Determine stability of any process. (Project Management Institute 2013)

•These are used to check and control repetitive events.•Seven run rule

Item A B C D E F G

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check sheets

•Sheets created especially to gain data about the problem from observation•Sheets are analysed later by other six tools.

(Kerzner 2006)

Fig 5: Control charts (Schwalbe

2010)

Fig 6: Check sheets

Scatter Diagrams (correlation charts)•detect the correlation between the two variables•estimate how a change of one variable will effect the value of other variable. (Project Management Institute 2013)

Quality tools continue….

FIG 7: Scatter Diagram (Schwalbe

2010)

Fig 8: Histogram (Schwalbe

2010)

Fig 9:Pareto Diagram (Schwalbe

2010)

Pareto diagrams

•Chart containing both bars and a line graph.•Based on Pareto’s 80/20 rule. (Nicholas & Steyn 2008)

Histogram• describe the core tendency, dispersion, and shape of a statistical distribution. (Project Management Institute 2013)

“Six Sigma”: What is it?

“A comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success. Six Sigma is uniquely driven by close understanding of customer needs, disciplined use of facts, data and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing, improving and reinventing business processes.”

(Pande, PS, Neuman, RP & Cavanagh, RR 2000)

DMAIC – The Improvement Methodology in quality

Define Measure Analyze Improve ControlObjective:DEFINE the opportunity

Objective:MEASURE current performance

Objective:ANALYZE the root causes of problems

Objective:IMPROVE the process to eliminate root causes

Objective:CONTROL the process to sustain the gains.

Key Define Tools:• Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ)

• Voice of the Stakeholder (VOS)

• Project Charter• As-Is Process Map(s)• Primary Metric (Y)

Key Measure Tools:• Critical to Quality Requirements (CTQs)

• Sample Plan• Capability Analysis• Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

(Project management institute 2013)

Key Analyze Tools:• Histograms, Boxplots, Multi-Vari Charts, etc.

• Hypothesis Tests• Regression Analysis

Key Improve Tools:• Solution Selection Matrix

• To-Be Process Map(s)

Key Control Tools:• Control Charts• Contingency and/or Action Plan(s)

The statistical tools of six sigma

Bourton Hall, Rugby, Warwickshire, 2007

Benefits of using six sigmaFor the organization• Bottom line cost savings (5%-20% of turnover per annum) •Improved quality of product or service as perceived by the customer •Reduction in process cycle times •Development of staff skills •Common language throughout the organization •World class standard For the individual•Improved knowledge and skills Ability to use a wide range of tools and techniques •A status that is recognized world wide

Final words…..

•Quality cannot be defined accurately anyhow we all now what is quality.•quality management is vital for any project to be a roaring success.•Quality management involves plan quality, assure quality and control quality.•Seven quality tools are important while dealing with quality management specially during quality control.•Six sigma strategy involves statistical tools plus structured methodology to create product better, faster and less expensive.

Thank you!!

You can access these slides athttp://www.slideshare.net/afshanchemist/project-quality-management-37544118

References1. Basu, R 2012, Managing quality projects, Gower, USA. Available at

http://www.gowerpublishing.com/pdf/SamplePages/Managing-Quality-in-Projects-Intro.pdf

2. Kerzner, H 2006, Project Management- a systems approach to planning, scheduling and controlling, 9th edn, john Wiley and sons, Inc, New Jersey, USA.

3. Nicholas, JM & Steyn, H 2008, project management for business, engineering and technology- principles and practice, 3rd edn, Elsevier, UK.

4. Pande, PS, Neuman, RP & Cavanagh, RR 2000, The six sigma way- how GE, Motorola, and Other Top companies are honing their performance, McGraw-Hill, USA. available at http://www.railassociation.ir/Download/Article/Book%20en1.pdf

5. Project Management Institute 2013, A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK V ® Guide), 5th edn., Project Management Institute, Pennsylvania, USA. Available at, http://fit.hcmup.edu.vn/~haits/English%20Courses/Project%20Management/1935589679%20PMBOK%205th.pdf

6. Schwalbe, K 2010, Information technology project management, 6th edn, Course Technology, Cencage Learning, Boston, USA.