Problems with Fertilizers

Problems with Synthetic Fertilizer

Water Pollution: The nutrients in fertilizer can be problematic once it gets into the water systems

How does it get into the water Systems1) Rain water runs over the soil 2) Excess nutrients are dissolved in the water 3) Rain water contaminated with fertilizer travels

down to creeks, rivers, lakes, and the oceans

Problems with increased nutrients

Eutrophication: Increase in nutrient levels in water bodiesWhy is it a problem?1) Increased nitrogen and phosphorous increase the growth of

algae 2) Algae dies off and sinks to the bottom3) Decaying algae releases carbon dioxide4) Increased carbon dioxide suffocates fish and other living

organisms5) Carbon dioxide also makes the water more acidic

Problems with Synthetic Fertilizer

Contamination: Many fertilizers contain trace amounts of heavy metals and other harmful chemicalsHow do contaminants effect the environment

Environmental effects of Heavy Metals

Cadmium: Builds up as it travels in the food chain. Results in nervous system damage, cancer, and kidney failure

Uranium: Uranium leaches out of fertilizer and into water ways. Small amounts of it can destroy body tissues. Effects blood, bone, and kidneys.

Fertilizer Dependent Plants

Fertilizer Dependency: When plants require nutrients from fertilizers for their survival. They can no longer survive without a constant supply of fertilizer.

How does it develop:(Similar to drug dependency in humans.) Plants develop a need for easily available nutrients. Dependency develops by the loss of relationships.

RelationshipsPlants and Symbiotic Relationships Plants + Mychorrhizae: -Mychorrhizae is a fungus found in the soil.-The cells of this fungus intertwine with the plant’s root cells.-The fungus benefits by obtaining sugar created by plants-The plant benefits by picking up phosphorous and minerals from the fungi- Plants will not form this relationship if they are overloaded with nutrients.

RelationshipsPlants and Symbiotic Relationships Plants + Bacteria: -Most of the Nitrogen in plantscomes from the atmosphere (78% of the air we breathe is Nitrogen gas N2)

-The Nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia by bacteria-Nitrifying bacteria converts the ammonia to nitrite. They also convert ammonia from animal waste to nitrite-Another group of nitrifying bacteria converts the nitrite to nitrate-The nitrates are used as food for plants

Fertilizer Dependent Plants

Why does Fertilizer Dependence develop:1) Farmers started sterilizing soil to kill off pests.2) Addition of large quantities of nutrients

resulted in plants not forming the necessary relationships with bacteria and fungus.

Problems with Synthetic Fertilizer

Soil Acidification: The decrease in the pH or acidity of the soilHow does acid build up By regularly applying acidic fertilizer to soil you start to decrease the pH

Problems with Synthetic Fertilizer

Problems with Soil Acidification: 1) Acid breaks down rock and releases minerals such as

heavy metals that can be toxic to plants2) Certain plants cannot adapt to acidic soil (example:

conifers)

Problems with Synthetic Fertilizer

Loss of Micronutrients: Synthetic fertilizers contain macronutrients. As plants grow they need both macro and micronutrients to survive but only macronutrients are replaced when synthetic fertilizers are applied.

Micronutrients Deficiency

Loss of Micronutrients: Synthetic fertilizers contain macronutrients. As plants grow they need both macro and micronutrients to survive but only macronutrients are replaced.

Problems with Synthetic Fertilizer

High Energy Consumption: The creation of Synthetic Fertilizers requires large amounts of energy.The energy released by burning Natural gas is used to produce the synthetic fertilizer

Assignment

Write a summary explaining the problems with synthetic fertilizers

Water pollutionContaminationFertilizer dependentSoil acidificationLoss of micronutrientsHigh energy consumption